Umphumela onamandla

Imigqa yokukhokha ngokushisa eflethini elisha elinamandla kangaka: Ukulondolozwa okumenyezelwe kakhulu akubange kufinyelelwe. Ngokuphambene nalokho, kuzobiza futhi. Ukugqoloza kathathu, ukufakwa emanzini, ukuvuselelwa kokushisa - konke ikati? Uhlu lwabenzi bokubi abade lukhona: Ingabe lwalunecala? Kubalwe okungalungile? Noma ingabe yonke le ndlela yokubheka izinto ngokusebenza kahle kwamandla iyinhlangano nje yokuhlekisa?

Noma ngubani oqhubeka nokucinga isikhathi eside ngembangela yokwehluleka ngokonga amandla agcina ngokuvame kakhulu phambi kwesibuko futhi kufanele athathe ikhala lakhe: Umhlali uqobo uhlulekile ngenxa yalokho okubizwa ngokuthi yi-rebound effect. Lo mkhuba, owatholakala maphakathi nekhulu le-19, uchaza umehluko phakathi kokusetshenziswa kwamandla okubaliwe nokusetshenziswa kwamandla kwesakhiwo uqobo. Ekucabangeni okukhohlisayo kokuthi indwangu yokwakha egcina amandla yodwa, iphathwe ngokunganaki kakhulu - futhi ekugcineni umthethosivivinywa uyethulwa.

Okuzungezile nokubuyela emuva

Amagama amabili abuyele futhi prebound ngumthelela wokuziphatha komsebenzisi ekusebenzeni kahle kwamandla. Kubonisiwe ukuthi le miphumela ilindelwe noma imiphumela ye-z. Isibonelo, banomthelela oqinile ezakhiweni eziqhubekayo.
Isibonelo, ucwaningo olwenziwe yiYunivesithi yaseCambridge, olususelwa kwidatha evela kwezinye izakhiwo ze3.400, luveze ukuthi abahlali basebenzisa isilinganiso samaphesenti we-30 ngaphansi kwesilinganiso samandla abaliwe wesakhiwo. Lo mkhuba ubizwa ngokuthi umphumela ongaphambili, umphumela uba mandla ngokwengeziwe inkomba yamandla. Kwenziwe lula: Ngenxa yokungasebenzi kahle kwamandla, ukufudumeza kuyagcinwa. Ngakho-ke, kungaholela okulindelwe kwamanga ezenzweni zokusebenza kwamandla: Njengoba ukulungiswa kabusha kungasindisa amandla angaqedwanga nhlobo, kunemiphumela yokusebenza kahle kokuvuselelwa kwamandla.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, lokhu kuyasebenza nakwimpumelelo yokwenziwa kabusha. Ikhomba umehluko phakathi kokulondolozwa okungaba khona kusuka ezenzweni zokusebenza kwamandla kanye nokugcinwa kwangempela. Ngokuxakayo, ukusebenza kahle okwandayo kungandisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okujwayelekile.

Futhi umphumela we-rebound ufakazelwe kaningi, kanye nomfowabo "onobuhle" Prebound: Isibonelo, i-2012 yaqhathaniswa ocwaningweni, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwamandla kwemizi ye-3.400 eJalimane nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okubaliwe. Kwavela ukuthi ukusetshenziswa okwangempela ngokwesilinganiso ngamaphesenti we-30 ngaphansi kokusetshenziswa okubaliwe. Ukwahluka kakhulu okuphakeme kutholakale ezitokisini ezingalungiseki kabusha, ezingasebenzi ngokwanele namandla nasemizini lapho bekungekho zinyathelo zokuphatha ezifana nokufakwa kwemishini okwenziwa khona. Lapha ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwakuhlala kubalwa futhi kulinganiselwa ukuthi kuphakeme kunalokho okwakukhona ngokoqobo.

Isizathu esikhulu salokhu kungafani kube yinto yabantu ekuphathweni kwezakhiwo. Isibonelo, amakhaya amaningi adla amandla amancane ngoba agcina izinga lokushisa lamakamelo liphansi kunalokho okucatshangwa ukuthi kubalwa amandla asetshenziswa ngokomqondo. Emakhaya angenamandla aphelele, abahlali baphoqelelwa ukuthi baziphathe kancane ukuze banciphise izindleko (umphumela ongaphambili).

Kunobudlova ikakhulukazi lapho le miphumela yomibili ilandelana: Ifulethi elingashisi lishiswa kancanyana, ngaphansi kwamandla wangempela, ngemuva kokuphehlwa kwamandla okuvuselela amandla. Isiphetho: Umehluko ungathatha isilinganiso esikhulu.

Futhi ukuqina kuyasebenza

Ucwaningo oluthi "Ukuhlolwa kwezimpawu zokusetshenziswa kwezakhiwo zokuhlala ezilungiswe kahle" yi-ejensi yamandla aseJalimane i-dena 2013, ehlole imininingwane yezakhiwo ezivuselelekile ze-63 eminyakeni eyedlule - ngaphambi nangemva kwezinyathelo zokusebenzisa amandla - kufakazele ukuthi isakhiwo esizinzileyo siyasebenza yize kunesimo. Umphumela uhlaba umxhwele impela: Ngokusetshenziswa kwamandla kokugcina okubaliwe kwe-223 kWh / (m2a) ngokwesilinganiso ngaphambi kokulungiswa kabusha kanye nesibalo sesidingo se-45 kWh / (m2a) ngokwesilinganiso ngemuva kokuvuselelwa, inhloso bekuwukugcina amandla we-80 wamandla. Ngemuva kokulungiswa kabusha kwangempela, inani eliphansi lokusebenzisa amandla we-54 kWh / (m2a) kanye nokudla okuphakathi kwamandla kwamaphesenti we-76 ekugcineni kufinyelelwe. NgesiNgisi esicacile: Ukusebenza kwamandla okuhleliwe kuyabonakala. Kodwa-ke, kunzima ukubala ukusebenza komsebenzisi.

Imiphumela ebuyela emuva

• Umphumela wokuphindisela okuqondile - uthenga imoto ngenjini esebenza kahle, kepha khetha imoto enkulu noma usebenzise imoto esebenza kahle kakhulu kunangaphambili.
• I-Index Rebound Effect - Manje njengoba ushayela imoto esebenza kahle futhi wehlise izindleko zikaphethiloli noma ukuphuma kwe-CO2, zenzele ohambweni ngendiza kunokuba ngesitimela noma ngemoto eholidini lakho elilandelayo.
• Umphumela we-Macroeconomic rebound effect - Isidingo esandayo sezimoto ezisebenzayo siholela ezinguquko ekuklameni nasendleleni yesidingo. Isibonelo, lokhu kungaholela ekwehleni kwamanani kaphethiloli, okungaholela ekwandeni kwesidingo.
• Umphumela Wengozi Yokuziphatha - Amandla amaningi asebenza ngakho-ke imikhiqizo nezinsizakalo eziphila ngokuhlala kwemvelo zivame ukuba nencazelo engokomfanekiso. Isibonelo, ukuthengwa komkhiqizo obekucatshangwa ukuthi kuyingozi emvelweni kungazelelwe kunesizathu sokuthola amandla okusebenza kanye nokusebenzisa amandla okuphansi.
• Umphumela Wokuziphatha Oyisimilo - Ukuguqulwa okuncane kwemiphumela yokuziphatha kwengqondo ngumthelela ovuzayo. Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa okwandisiwe komkhiqizo noma kwensizakalo ngemuva kokunyuka kokusebenza kahle ngeke kwenziwe kuphela ngenkuthalo nangokuthi ngamabomu, kepha futhi nangazi. Ngemuva kokufaka uhlelo lokufudumeza olusebenza ngamandla, ukunakwa okuncane kuyakhokhelwa kubuchwepheshe obulungile bokufaka umoya bese amafasitela ahlala emile ngisho nangesikhathi sokushisa. (umphumela wokubuyisa oqondile)
• Umphumela Welayisense Lokuziphatha - Uma ukusetshenziswa komkhiqizo osebenzisa amandla kuholela ekufuneni kweminye imikhiqizo engasebenzi kahle, ibizwa ngokuthi umphumela wokulayisensa kokuziphatha. Ukuthengwa kwemoto esebenza ngophethiloli kuvumela abathengi, ngokwesibonelo, uhambo olude olude olwenziwa ngendiza. (Umphumela wokuphindisela oqondile)
• Isikhathi Ukubuyiselwa - Okuvame ukubonwa isikhathi sokuphindaphindeka: Ukuxhunyaniswa kwethrafikhi esheshayo kusho ukuthi imigwaqo eyengeziwe ihlanganiswa; izinto zasendlini ezisongela isikhathi ezifana nemishini yokuwasha zishintsha izindinganiso (ihlanjwa kakhudlwana, njll.).
• Ukubuyiselwa Kwengozi - Kwezengqondo nezasemsebenzini, ukuphindaphindeka kwaziwa ngokuthi isinxephezelo sengozi. Noma ngubani ozizwa ephephe ngesihlalo sokuvikela, i-airbag ne-ABS, ngesigqoko sokuvikela ibhayisekili noma ngenxa yezinyathelo zokuphepha emsebenzini, uthambekele ekubeni yingozi enkulu noma olindele ukuthi kube nezenzo ezinobungozi ezengeziwe zabanye. ,
  Umthombo: Study "Demand-to-the-technology-to-inhibit-the-rebound-effect"

Photo / Video: Ugogo.