Uluntu-iglue yenkululeko

Iipesenti ze-16 nje zabemi base-EU abasazithembi kwimibutho yabo yezopolitiko. Kwangelo xesha, uluntu lufumana udumo oluphezulu phakathi kwabemi. Ngaba inawo amandla okubuyisela ukuzithemba okulahlekileyo kunye nokulwa nokuchithwa kwabemi kurhulumente?

Ukudodobala kwezoqoqosho akunikelanga kuphela kwitshitshiso elinamandla kuhlumo lwezoqoqosho eYurophu. Ikwaphawula utshintsho apho ukholo lwabaseYurophu kumaziko e-EU, nakoorhulumente bamazwe kunye namarhamente. Uvavanyo lwakutsha nje lwe-Euro Barometer lubonisa ukuba iipesenti ze-16 zabemi be-EU kulo lonke elaseYurophu abazithembayo ezopolitiko, ngelixa bengazithembi ngokupheleleyo iipesenti ze-78. I-Austria lelinye lala mazwe apho ipalamente kazwelonke kunye noRhulumente basenenqanaba lokuthenjwa eliphakamileyo (i-44 okanye i-42 pesenti). Ngayiphi na imeko, ngaphezulu kwamaziko e-EU (ipesenti ye-32). Kwelinye icala, uninzi lwabaphelelwa kukuthembela koorhulumente bamazwe abo kunye namarhamente, kunye nakumaziko e-EU, boyisa kwi-EU.

Ndithembe amaziko ezopolitiko e-Austria nase-EU (ngepesenti)

Iziphumo zolu bunzima bokuzithemba azibalulekanga. Kunyaka ophelileyo, i-pop -ist ye-pop -ists, i-EU-abagxekayo kunye ne-xenophobic amaqela avele aphumelele kunyulo lwaseYurophu, kwaye i-Old Continent yakhanya ngoqhanqalazo oluninzi - hayi eGrisi, e-Itali, eFrance okanye eSpain, kodwa naseBrussels, eIreland, eJamani okanye e-Austria abantu bathathe ezitratweni kuba baziva belahliwe kwezopolitiko. Ukungoneliseki kwabantu ngabameli babo bezopolitiko kudala kufikelela kwinqanaba lehlabathi. Umzekelo, ingxelo ye-CIVICUS State of Civil Society (2014) ifumanise ukuba abantu be-2011 bamazwe e-88, okanye malunga nesiqingatha sawo onke amazwe, bathathe inxaxheba kwimiboniso yobuninzi. Ngenxa yale ngxaki ikhoyo yababaleki ngoku, intswelo ephezulu (yolutsha), umvuzo ogqithisileyo kunye nokungalingani koqoqosho, kudityaniswa nokukhula okubuthathaka kwezoqoqosho, kulindeleke ukuba ubumbano loluntu luqhubeke ukuqhubeka nokuba mbi. Akumangalisi ukuba enye yezona zinto zixhalabisayo zedemokhrasi yanamhlanje kukwahlukaniswa kwabemi kwiinkqubo zezopolitiko. Kwaye ukuba akakho, ngoko kufanele ukuba.

Umbuzo uphakama wokuba ingaba inkululeko yedemokhrasi yoluntu ingaluchasa kusini na ucalucalulo loluntu kunye nokuwa komanyano lwentlalo. Ngaba inakho ukubuyisela ukuzithemba okuthandwayo kunye nokuyeka ukutshitshiswa kwamanani entando yesininzi, amalungelo oluntu, ibhalansi yentlalo kunye nokunyamezelana? Inokumela uluvo lokuthatha inxaxheba, idemokhrasi kunye nobulungisa kwezentlalo ngakumbi ngokuthembekileyo kunoburhulumente kwaye bonwabele into esele iphelisiwe kumaziko ezopolitiko: ukuthembana kwabemi.

"Uluntu luhlala lunikwa ukuzithemba ngakumbi koorhulumente, abameli bamashishini kunye namajelo eendaba. Siphila kwixesha apho ukuthembela kuyeyona nto ibalulekileyo kuzo zonke iimali. "
Ingrid Srinath, Citizec

Ngokutsho kovavanyo lwefowuni emele ukwenziwa yimakethi iMarktforschunsginstitut (2013), abantu abalithoba kudliwanondlebe badla ngokubeka phambili imibutho yoluntu e-Austria nangaphezulu kweepesenti ze-50 zabantu base-Austrian bakholelwa ukuba ukubaluleka kwabo kuzakuqhubeka kukhula. Kwinqanaba laseYurophu, kuvela umfanekiso ofanayo: Uvavanyo lwe-Eurobarometer ye-2013 malunga nesimo sengqondo sabemi base-EU ukuya kwinkululeko yentatho-nxaxheba bafumana ukuba i-59 ipesenti yabantu baseYurophu bakholelwa ukuba imibutho engekho phantsi kukarhulumente (iiNGO) yabelana ngezinto abanomdla kuzo kunye neenqobo zabo. "Uluntu luhlala lunikwa ukuzithemba ngakumbi koorhulumente, abameli bamashishini kunye namajelo eendaba. Siphila kwixesha apho ukuthembela yeyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kuzo zonke iimali, utshilo u-Ingrid Srinath, owayengu-Nobhala-Jikelele we-CIVICUS Global Alliance for Civil inxaxheba.

Le nyaniso iyanda ukuthathelwa ingqalelo yimibutho yezizwe ngezizwe. Umzekelo, kwingxelo yayo ngekamva loluntu, iQonga lezoQoqoqosho lweHlabathi libhala oku: "Ukubaluleka kunye nefuthe loluntu luyakhula kwaye kufuneka kukhuthazwe ukubuyisela ukuzithemba. [...] Uluntu akufuneki lubonwe "njengecandelo lesithathu", kodwa njenge-adhesive ebambe amabala kawonke wonke kunye nawabucala kunye. Kwingcebiso yayo, iKomiti yaBaphathiswa beBhunga laseYurophu iye yamkela "igalelo elibalulekileyo lemibutho engekho phantsi korhulumente kuphuhliso kunye nokuphunyezwa kwedemokhrasi kunye namalungelo oluntu, ngakumbi ngokwazisa uluntu, ukuthatha inxaxheba kubomi boluntu kunye nokuqinisekisa ukubekwa elubala kunye nokuphendula kubaphathi bakarhulumente". IQela leeNgcebiso kwiZinga eliPhezulu laseYurophu (i-BEPA) likwafuna ukubandakanyeka koluntu ukuba badlale indima ephambili kwikamva laseYurophu: "Akusekho malunga nokubonisana nokuxoxa malunga noluntu kunye noluntu. Namhlanje, imalunga nokunika abemi ilungelo lokuncedisa ukubumba izigqibo ze-EU, ibanike ithuba lokuba babambe ezopolitiko kunye noRhulumente ukuba baphendule, utshilo ingxelo ngendima yoluntu.

Kwaye ubunzima bezopolitiko?

Ii-NGOs ezininzi zase-Austrian zenza umzamo onyanisekileyo wokuthatha inxaxheba kwizigqibo zezopolitiko nakwindlela yokwenza izigqibo. "Ngezihloko zethu, sinxibelelana ngokuthe ngqo nabathabathi bezigqibo ezifanelekileyo kulawulo (amasebe, abasemagunyeni) kunye nomthetho (iBhunga leSizwe, ukuTshiswa kweMhlaba), siphakamise ulwazi ngeengxaki kwaye sicebisa ngezisombululo," utsho uThomas Mördinger ovela e-BkoBüro, umanyano lwemibutho ye-16 kwicandelo lezabasebenzi. Indalo esingqongileyo, indalo kunye nentlalo-ntle yezilwanyana. Njengenxalenye yephulo lakhe, i-WWF i-Austria ikwanxibelelana namaqela epalamente, abaphathiswa, abasemagunyeni nabameli bezopolitiko kwinqanaba lephondo nakomasipala. I-Asylkoordination Österreich, uthungelwano lwemibutho yabangaphandle kunye nemibutho yokunceda, nayo, ibandakanyeka kuthethathethwano oluqhubekayo kunye namaqela ezopolitiko, ukuze, umzekelo, imibuzo esepalamente iyabuzwa, ekhuthazwayo okanye de kwagqitywa ngolungelelwaniso lwendawo yokukhosela.

"Kwinqanaba elisemthethweni, amathuba okuthatha inxaxheba kwimithetho e-Austria anqongophele."
UThomas Mördinger, iOco Office

Nangona utshintshiselwano phakathi kwezopolitiko zase-Austrian, ezolawulo kunye nezaseburhulumenteni zizinhanha, zibonakaliswa kukuphikisana okuphezulu. Kwenzeka kuphela ngokungacwangciswanga kwaye kunqunyelwe kwimibutho embalwa. Kwiimeko ezininzi, inyathelo livela abameli boluntu. UThomas Mördinger osuka e-ÖkoBüro unika ulwazi malunga noku kusebenzisana: "Abaphathiswa bagcina uluhlu lwabo, abo bacelwe yimibutho ukuba banike izimvo. Nangona kunjalo, amaxesha wovavanyo akholisa ukuba mfutshane kakhulu okanye abekwe phantsi ukuze kuhlalutywe nzulu isibhalo esisemthethweni ukuba sibandakanya namaxesha ekhefu leholide. " Ngelixa abameli bemibutho yoluntu banokubanika izimvo, akukho mithetho ibophelelayo yokwenza oko. "Kwinqanaba elisesikweni, amathuba okuthatha inxaxheba kwimithetho e-Austria anqongophele," uqhubeke watsho uMördinger. Intsilelo iqinisekisiwe nguFranz Ne kujitufl, uMlawuli oLawulayo wemibutho engajonganga kwenza nzuzo (IGO): "Incoko yababini ihlala ihleli, iyenziwa ngexesha kwaye ihlala ixesha elide ingahlelwanga kwaye icwangciswe ngendlela oyifunayo."

"Incoko yababini ihlala ilungelelana, ifike ngexesha kwaye ayicwangciswanga kwaye icwangciswe ngendlela oyifunayo."
UFranz Ne kujitufl, ukuxhasa imibutho engajonganga nzuzo (IGO)

Kwangaxeshanye, incoko yabadala kudala iyinto esezingeni lomhlaba. Umzekelo, iPhepha leNgxelo kaRhulumente kuRhulumente waseYurophu, Ingqungquthela ye-Aarhus kunye neBhunga laseYurophu bafuna ukubandakanyeka kwemibutho yaseburhulumenteni kwinkqubo yowiso-mthetho. Kwangelo xesha, amaqumrhu ezizwe ngezizwe - nokuba yi-UN, i-G20, okanye iKhomishini yaseYurophu-akhona kwaye ahlala ebandakanya imibutho yoluntu kwiinkqubo zokubonisana ezisemthethweni.

Imibutho yoluntu: Isivumelwano

NguFranz Ne kujitufl, obizwa ngokuba "yiCompact" ngumzekelo wokubumbana ngokusesikweni nobumbano phakathi koluntu norhulumente. Le compact sisivumelwano esibhaliweyo phakathi kukarhulumente nemibutho yaseburhulumenteni elawula injongo nefom yokuzibandakanya kwabo. I-Compact, umzekelo, ifuna kuluntu ukuba inkululeko kunye neenjongo zemibutho yoluntu zihlonitshwe kwaye zigcinwe, ukuba zixhaswe ngendlela esengqiqweni nenobulungisa, kwaye nokuba bazibandakanye kuphuhliso lweenkqubo zopolitiko kususela kwangoko. Uluntu, nalo, lubiza umbutho oqeqeshelweyo, ubungqina obuqinileyo njengesiseko sokucwangcisa izisombululo kunye nemikhankaso, ezichonga ngokusesikweni nangokumela izimvo kunye nezinto ezithandwa liqela ekujolise kulo, kwaye kungacacisi ukuba ngubani omele kwaye angubani.

Ukuqukunjelwa kweCwecwe, urhulumente wase-Bhritane uzibophelele "ukunika abantu amandla nangakumbi kulawulo ngobomi babo kunye noluntu lwabo, nokubeka ukuzibophelela koluntu ngaphaya kolawulo lukarhulumente kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo ephezulu." Ubona indima yakhe ikakhulu "ekuququzeleleni utshintsho lwenkcubeko ngokunika amandla avela embindini kunye nokwandisa ukucaca". Ke ayimangalisi into yokuba iNgilani ikwanayo neyayo "Icandelo loLuntu lwaseburhulumenteni".
Ngapha koko, malunga nesiqingatha sawo onke amaLungu e-EU aphuhlise uxwebhu olunje kwaye angena kwintsebenzo ebophelelayo noluntu. Ngelishwa iAustria ayikho apho.

I-NGO Austria

Umbutho wase-Austrian ubandakanya malunga neeklabhu ze-120.168 (2013) kunye nenani elingaqondakaliyo leziseko ezibonakalayo. Ingxelo ye-Economist yangoku i-Austria iphinda ibonise ukuba ngonyaka i-2010 5,2 ipesenti yabo bonke abasebenzi e-Austria babeqashwe kwiminyaka ye-15 kwicandelo elingenzi nzuzo.
Ukubaluleka kwezoqoqosho kwibutho labantu akufuneki kuthathelwe ingqalelo. Nangona oku akukabhalwa ngokulandelelana kweli lizwe, kodwa kuqikelelwa ngokwemigaqo yobugcisa. Umzekelo, ukubalwa kweYunivesithi yaseVienna yeYunivesithi kunye neDyunivesithi yaseDanube kubonakalisa ukuba ixabiso elipheleleyo elongezwe kwii-NGO zaseAustria phakathi kwe5,9 kunye ne10 zixabisa iibhiliyoni zeerandi ngonyaka. Oku kuhambelana ne-1,8 ukuya kwi-3,0 yepesenti yemveliso yangaphakathi yase-Austria GDP.

Photo / Ividiyo: Shutterstock, Imidiya enokukhetha.