Helmut Melzer
Amanyathelo okonga amandla yenye yezona zinto ziphambili kwizicwangciso zobume bemeko yendawo.Izakhiwo zivelisa i-32 ipesenti yemfuno yamandla okugqibela kunye neepesenti ze-40 zeemfuno zamandla eziphambili kumazwe amaninzi ahambele phambili. Uninzi lwamandla lufuneka kumbindi nakwintshona yeYurophu ukufudumeza indawo. E-Austria, ukufudumeza igumbi kufaka isandla kwiipesenti ze-28 kwiimfuno zokugqibela zamandla kunye neepesenti ze-14 kwimveliso yegesi yase-Austrian (GHG).
Ikamva kunye nezinto ezinokubakho
Uphononongo lwangoku "Imeko zamandla ukuya kwi-2050 - Ubushushu bemfuno yabathengi abancinci" beDyunivithi yeTekhnoloji yeVienna ngoku inika umbono kwikamva kwaye ibonakalisa ukuba ulwakhiwo oluzinzileyo kunye nolwakhiwo ngokutsha luya kuba nefuthe kwindalo-kwaye lusenokusetyenziswa kumanyathelo amanye. Emsebenzini, zonke izakhiwo zasekhaya kunye nezakhiwo ezizayo zabalwa kwiindawo ezithile. Ukuqukumbela: Amanyathelo amkelwe ukuza kuthi ga ngoku anokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwi-86 iiyure ze-terawatt TWh ngonyaka we-2012 ukuya kwi-53 TWh (2050), kunye namanyathelo angaphezulu okuwanciphisa ukuze aye kwi-40 TWh ngonyaka we-2050.
Amandla kunye nokongiwa kwe-CO2 ngokulungiswa ngokutsha kwe-thermal kunye namandla ahlaziyekayo kwakhona kungqina isifundo esitsha egameni leNgxowamali yezeMozulu nezeMandla. Iiprojekthi ezihlanu zokubuyisela iipateni zase-Austrian zahlalutywa ngaphambi nasemva kokuhlaziywa. Isiphumo sovavanyo lwamandla: Ukuncitshiswa kwe-CO2 yeeprojekhthi kwiitoni ze-105 ngonyaka. Ngamaxesha athile, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ahlaziyekayo kunciphisa ukuphuma kwe-Co2 ukuya kwiipesenti ze-zero. Amandla okufudumeza akhethekileyo anokuncitshiswa ukuya kwisithathu esinye.
Inqaku lokugquma
Kwimeko ye-ecology kulwakhiwo, nangona kunjalo, into yokuxinana kwedolophu nayo kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo. "Isakhiwo esisebenza ngokufanelekileyo kumhlaba oluluhlaza" ayisiwo umzekelo oncomekayo wozinzo. Uyilo oluzinzileyo ikakhulu lubangelwa zizinto ezimi kuyo indawo zokwakha, ukusetyenziswa komhlaba kunye nendlela yokuhlala, "utsho u-Andrea Kraft we-Arhente yezaMandla kunye nezeNdalo eNu:" Indlu echithekayo ihlala ibonwa njengendawo enqwenelekayo yokwakhelwa izindlu, njengoko kunjalo nangabanini babodwa kakhulu ahlangana. Kwangelo xesha, le ndlela yezindlu inxulunyaniswa nokusetyenziswa kakhulu kwendawo kunye nezixhobo, ikwabonakaliswa kwiindleko zophuhliso kunye nenani elonyukayo lezithuthi. "
"Indlu edlwenguliweyo ihlala ibonwa njengendawo enqwenelekayo yokuhlala, kuba idibana nabanikazi bezona zinto ziphakamileyo. Kwangelo xesha, le ndlela yezindlu inxulunyaniswa nokusetyenziswa kakhulu kwendawo kunye nezixhobo, ikwabonakaliswa kwiindleko zophuhliso kunye nenani elonyukayo lezithuthi. "
I-Andrea Kraft, i-Arhente yezaMandla kunye nezeNdalo eNu
Eco-Iimpawu
Ukuya kumkhamo owahluke ngokupheleleyo, izinto zokwakha zichaphazela imeko yendawo kunye neyempilo. I-LCA kunye nezalathi ze-eco zibonelela ngolwazi. "Inkxaso-mali yezindlu e-Austrian kunye neenkqubo zovavanyo lwezakhiwo zisebenzisa ubukhulu becala isalathi esibonakalayo Ökoindex 3 (isalathiso se-OI3). Ke, iimpawu zokwakha kwendalo zifumene indlela yokuvavanywa kweeprojekthi zokwakha e-Austrian. Ezi ziqinisekisiwe ukusukela ekuqaleni kwemigangatho yovavanyo ebaluleke kakhulu yokwakha e-Austrian njenge klimaaktiv kunye ne-ÖGNB (TQB). Kwindlela yokucwangcisa kunye nokuyiphumeza, uphuculo olubalulekileyo lwezinto eziphilayo nendalo luyenzeka, "ucacisa uBernhard Lipp ovela kwiziko lase-Austrian lezokwakha iBhayoloji kunye neIkholoji yeZokwakha IBO.
Amandla Grey: i-insulation iyazihlawulela
Ngokukodwa kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele "amandla grey": inani lamandla afunekayo ukwenza, ukuthutha, ukugcina, ukuthengisa kunye nokulahla imveliso. Xa kufikwa kumanyathelo ozinzo, kuhlala kukhona umbuzo wokuba baya kuzihlawula nini ngokwendalo ngokwamandla grey, oko kukuthi, bagcine amandla afunekayo ukuvelisa nokulahla.
"Ukuncitshiswa kwamandla okusetyenziselwa i-insulation zombini ngokwemixholo
Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nolondolozo lwe-CO2 kwimbonakalo yegama elicetyiswayo. "
URobert Lechner, iZiko le-Ecology yase-Austrian ÖÖI
URobert Lechner ovela kwiziko lase-Austrian Institute of Ecology: "Amandla kunye nokugcinwa kwendalo kwezinto ezisetyenziselwa ukufakelwa amandla ezakhiwo ezinamandla aphantsi zihlala zithatha kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ukuya kwiminyaka emibini. Nokuba ulungelelanise kakhulu, isakhiwo esisebenza kakuhle siyakwazi ukugcina ubuncinci be-30 kWh yobushushu ngemitha yesikwere kunye nonyaka xa kuthelekiswa nesakhiwo esisezantsi. Ukuncitshiswa kokusetyenziswa kwamandla ngesinyibilikisi kwimo yegama elicetyiswayo kakhulu ngokokubaluleka kokusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokugcinwa kwe-CO2. Ngokuka-Astrid Scharnhorst ovela kwi-IBO, "Ukufakwa kwezakhiwo kunciphisa ubushushu obufunekayo ekufudumaleni nasekupholiseni kwabo. inkcitho amandla. Iindleko zokuveliswa kwezinto ezininzi zokugcina izinto zithutha ngoko ke zichithwe ngokokuhlalwa kwendalo ngexesha elifutshane kakhulu. "
Ukuvala: ukuphinda kusetyenziswe kwakhona kunye nokungcola
Eyona nto ifanelekileyo, ukufakelwa insimbi kufuneka iphinde isetyenziswe, okanye ubuncinci iphinde isebenze kwakhona. Oku kunokwenzeka ngokusisiseko nge-polystyrene, kwaye ezinye iinkampani sele zisebenza kwizisombululo zobugcisa, umzekelo zisebenzisa oomatshini bokugaya, kodwa: Ngenxa yokusebenzisa ngaphambili i-HBCD evuthayo yomlilo, ekuya kuthi ke xa kungavunyelwa umhlaba jikelele kwi-2017, iphinde isetyenziswe kwakhona okwangoku.
Isifundo esitsha "UkuDiliza, ukuSebenzisa kwakhona kunye nokuSebenzisa kwakhona i-ETICS" yiFraunhofer Institute for Fizunh Institute kunye neZiko loPhando kwi-Thermal Insulation FIW Munich ithi: Ulwahlulo lwengozi yomlilo osetyenzisiweyo obuyelela kwi-HBCD lubeka umda kakhulu kumandla okusebenzisa kwakhona. Kwindlela yokuthintela inkunkuma, ke ngoko, "ukuphinda" kuyacetyiswa: ukufakelwa okunyibilikileyo akuphelanga amandla, kodwa kuqiniswa ngumbala owongezayo wokufakelwa. Ekupheleni kobomi beplate ye-EPS kungoku nje ukuvuselela amandla okunokwenzeka, okt ukubuyiswa kwamandla ngomlilo. Nangona kunjalo, iindlela zokufumana kwakhona izinto eziluhlaza ngokufanelekileyo zilungile njengesisombululo, kodwa ziyabiza kwaye kude kube ngoku kurhwebo kunzima ukuba zingasetyenziswa. Oko kufuneka kuguquke ngoku. Inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-CreaSolv, umzekelo, iphinda ifumane ipolymer polystyrene ecocekileyo ngokusonjululwa kwayo okuthile, nayo ikwenzayo ukwahlulahlula i-HBCD kwaye ifumane bromine kuyo. Isityalo sokuqala esikhulu scwangcisiwe eHolland. Ukuphinda usebenzise amandla: ngetoni ze-3.000 ngonyaka.I-Austria HBCD-mahala
Kuyanelisa ukuqaphela ukuba uninzi lwabenzi be-EPS base-Austrian sele begqibile ukutshintshela kwi-pFR yelinye idangatye ngomlilo ukususela ngoJanuwari 2015. Iimveliso zasekhaya ze-EPS zeqela lokukhusela umgangatho wePolystyrol-Hartschaum (iiBrands Austrotherm, I-Austyrol, iBachl, iModrice, iRöhrnbach, iBrucha, ii-EPS Industries, iFlatz, iHirsch, Steinbacher, Swisspor) azinayo i-HBCD. Ingxelo yovavanyo lwakutshanje ye-Arhente yokusiNgqongileyo ye-Federal kwiisampulu ezilishumi ezidlulisiweyo ziyafumaneka kubahleli. Nangona kunjalo, ngeenxa zonke i-15 ipesenti yeeplates ze-EPS ezikhoyo e-Austria zingeniswa ngaphakathi. Kumele kuqatshelwe ukuba akukho zifundo zenzululwazi zexesha elide malunga nokuphelela kwe-pFR. Oku kuyasebenza nakwizithako ezahlukeneyo zezinye izixhobo zokufakelwa.I-Petroli ekufakweni
Nokuba lempikiswano yokuba iyakuchitha ioyile ekuveliseni iibhodi zokufakelwa ezenziwe ngepolystyrene, ayinyani: Nangona iinkqubo zokufudumeza okunamandla ezinjengeeplates ze-EPS ziyimveliso yepetroleum, kodwa ziqulathe ipesenti ye-98 yomoya kunye neepesenti ezimbini zepolystyrene. Ukusetyenziswa kweoyile ekufakweni ngoko kuyahlawula, njengoko kuthatha ioli yokufudumeza okanye ukufana kwayo kugcinwa.
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