Elizabeth Oberzaucher
Iimeko zebhayiloji zezona zilwanyana zininzi kangangokuba zinokufikelela kwiimfuno zazo ezisisiseko, kodwa akufane kwenzeke nakuphi na ukuvelisa okuphezulu, okuya kukhokelela kubuninzi bokufumaneka kwezixhobo. Nangona kunjalo, ukufikelela kwizibonelelo azisasazwa ngokufanayo, kwaye abanye abantu banayo ngakumbi ngenxa yemeko yabo yobume bendawo okanye kwisiseko somhlaba wabo: izibonelelo zokutya ezingakumbi, amaqabane okuzala ngakumbi, inzala engaphezulu. Ngaba sele inobunewunewu?
Imida yento esiyichaza njengento yokunethezeka ingamanzi. Imvelaphi yegama elifumileyo livela kwisiLatini, apho "ukusasazwa" kuya kuqondwa njengokuphambuka kokuqhelekileyo, kwaye imele intabalala kunye nenkunkuma. Ke ubunewunewu kukuhamba kwiimfuno, umthombo wolonwabo. Nangona kunjalo, ubunewunewu bukwathetha ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kwezixhobo, ngaphandle kokujonga ubukho ngokubanzi kunye nokuzinza.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukho igumbi elininzi lokuzonwabisa, ukonwaba ngakumbi kunangaphambili. Kwangelo xesha, nangona kunjalo, kuluntu lwethu olusekelezwe kwintsebenzo, impumlo yomntu ikhukhumala xa umntu ezinikele ngokukodwa kukonwaba. Ubunewunewu bethu esibufunayo yenye busifumene njengomvuzo wokusebenza nzima, ingelilo eliwela ezingubeni zethu. Okwangoku kuthathwa njengembuyekezo efaneleke kakuhle kuba ubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla abonwabisi kakhulu, kwaye sisebenza njengomkhuthazi wokubonelela ngeenkonzo ezifuna ubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla.
Kutheni uLuxuko seSexy
Izinto ezinobunewunewu zikwasebenza njengophawu lwesimo. Ukuba sinakho ukuhlawulela ubunewunewu, sibonisa ukuba asinakufikelela nje kwiimfuno zethu ezisisiseko, kodwa sivelise intsalela esinokuyisebenzisa ngentobeko. Ngelixa ukulawula ngaphezulu kobutyebi yinto ekhangayo, oku kunqunyelwe ekuphatheni kwabo ngokungenantlonelo. Kwimbali yokuvela kwabantu, ubutyebi bebungekho nje kuphela, kodwa bagqiba isigqibo sokuba kunokwenzeka ukuba bazalwe ngempumelelo. Ke ngoko, ukulawulwa kwezixhobo kudlale indima ebalulekileyo ekukhetheni iqabane, kodwa kusoloko kudityaniswa ngokuzimisela kwabelana ngezixhobo. Kwinzululwazi yendaleko yendaleko, imfuno yendoda yesikhundla ichazwa ngokwandisa amathuba okuzala ookhokho bethu abangamadoda. Izifundo zibonisa ukuba kusekho unxibelelwano phakathi kwenqanaba lentlalontle kunye nokuphumelela kokuzala kwamadoda. Ukusuka kule nto yokujonga, umntu unokugqiba kwelokuba iisimboli zesimo aziyonto intle, kodwa bakhonza isidingo: banceda amadoda ukuba andise ixabiso lentengiso lamaqabane abo. Nangona kunjalo, benza lo msebenzi kuphela xa bedityaniswa neempawu ezibonisa indlela yokuziphatha kunye nokuxhasa, njengokukwamkelwa kwentlalo kunye nokupha.
Ubumnandi njenge drive
Ayimangalisi into yokuba "ukuzibandakanya kwinto" kudlala indima ephambili kuluntu apho abantu abaninzi bafumana umsebenzi ungazuzi ngeenjongo, kodwa njengendlela yokufikelela esiphelweni. Isimilo sebhayiloji yezenzo zethu sisiseko esinzima. Inkuthazo isishukumisela ngokwenyani, isinika inkuthazo yokuhamba, amandla azimiseleyo ukwenza kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ukwenza izinto ezixhalabisayo nezingathandekiyo. Emntwini, ukukwazi ukulinda umvuzo, ukufezekiswa kwenjongo ekhuthazayo, kubhengeziwe ngakumbi kunasiphi na esinye isilwanyana. Kwizilwanyana ezininzi, akufuneki zibekho ixesha elininzi phakathi kokuziphatha kunye nomvuzo - okanye isohlwayo- ngenxa yoko, kungenjalo azibonwa njengezixhomekeke kwelinye. Emntwini, nangona kunjalo, lo mvuzo ulibazisekileyo usebenza ngokumangalisayo kwaye ixesha elide kakhulu. Sinyamezele impilo yobomi obungathandekiyo unyaka wonke kakuhle ngombono weholide entle. Sibeka imiqobo kwiinkcitho zethu zemihla ngemihla ukuze senze utyalomali olukhulu. Kodwa kunye nesiphumo sokuya kwindawo yokuzivocavoca okanye ukutya kuya kuba neengcambu kumvuzo olindelwe kwixesha elizayo.
"Njengoko imigangatho yokuphila iphakama, izinto ziya zibonakala ezazigcinelwe ixesha elincinci kwisizukulwane esidlulileyo."
U-Elizabeth Oberzaucher, weDyunivesithi yaseVienna
Ubunewunewu obunobunewunewu
Oko sikuthatha ukunethezeka njengengabalulekanga kodwa kunqweneleka kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwimeko yethu yokuphila. Yeyiphi imiqondiso yesimo kunye nezinto ezigunyazisiweyo esizimisele ukuyeka enye into? Njengoko imigangatho yokuphila iphakama, izinto ziye zibonakale ezazigcinelwe ixesha elincinci kwisigaba sangaphambili. Kunye nokufikelela okuphezulu, iminqweno yezi zinto iyancipha. I-Luxury yeyona nto ingaqhelekanga, ayifumaneki rhoqo, iyabiza. Yintoni efumanekayo wonke umntu ilahlekelwa lolu hlobo olukhethekileyo. Ke apho sikhokelela kwiminqweno yethu ixhomekeke kancinane kwiimfuno zokwenyani kunoko kuthathwa kunqabile kwaye kubalulekile.
Ixesha elide, imoto yayijongwa njengentofontofo kuba kubantu abaninzi ukuhamba ayifikeleleki kuphela ngezinye iindlela. Ixabiso elabelwe elinye lamavili amane lisenokubonakala kwezi rechronics zilandelayo: ngokungafaniyo nomthengi, ixabiso leVAT kwiimoto lisepesenti ye32 endaweni yepesenti ye20. Ixabiso lokunyuswa lerhafu alihambi nangayiphi na indlela phantsi kwegama lokusetyenziswa "irhafu yexabiso". Malunga nokuthengwa kwemoto abantu banetyala, nobunokuhamba bodwa bungenziwa ngaphandle kwezithuthi zabo. Ingakumbi kwizixeko ezikhulu, ukuba nemoto yabantu abaninzi kuthetha ukuba nelungelo lokuma endaweni yemoto, kuthathelwa ingqalelo ukuba kunqabile kangakanani ukususwa. Apha, nangona kunjalo, utshintsho olwenzekayo ngoku: inani labantu abatsha ngaphandle kwelayisensi yokuqhuba liyanda. Kwiindawo ezikwisixeko esikhulu, inani leemoto nganye ziyehla. Iimoto zitshintshwe iipropathi ezintsha zexabiso.
Iimpawu zesimo sesihlwele
Ukusukela ukusebenza kweesimboli zesimo kuxhomekeke ekubeni abanye banokulindela ukuba batya kwikhekhe, ukhetho luvulelekile lokukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa ngokuzinzileyo kwezixhobo. Yonke into inokuba luphawu lwesimo, kufuneka nje iqatshelwe ilolo hlobo. Oku kwenzekile, umzekelo, kwicandelo lokutya: Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukusetyenziswa kokutya okusemgangathweni kwinqanaba eliphezulu eliphakathi kufumene ukubaluleka okukhulu. Ayichithi imali eninzi kuphela echithwayo kuyo, ikwaziswa kakhulu ngayo. Ingeniso ehambelana noko, kunokwenzeka ukuba uxhase ngezimali ezikhethekileyo zama fama e-organic enomdiliya kunye newayini ebekekileyo yomdiliya we-hip. Ukongeza ukonwabela ukomelela, ukuqina nako kuhlala kuchaza uzinzo njengenkuthazo yokuziphatha kokusetyenziswa. Ubume obutofotofo bokutya okuzinzileyo kuthetha ukuba bugcinelwe abantu abaphezulu, kodwa bayenza uphawu lwenkanuko, kwaye ke banokukunceda indimbane ebanzi ukuyilwela. Oku kukhuthazeka malunga nokuchithwa kwacetywa sisayikholoji kwengqondo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo uBobbi Low kwaye sathathwa kuqoqosho lokuziphatha. Ingxabano yendaleko yengqondo isekwe kwinto yokuba imeko idlala indima ekukhetheni iqabane. Ke ukuba ezinye iindlela zokuziphatha ezizinzileyo zenziwa zimpawu zeempawu, zinokwenzeka ngakumbi ukuba zilandelwe njengezinqwenelekayo.
Igama elithile "Nudging”Yaziwa kakhulu okoko uRichard Thaler wawongwa ngembasa yalo nyaka kaNobel kwezoQoqosho. Endaweni yeempikiswano ezinengqiqo, le ndlela isebenzisa iimvakalelo kunye neenkqubo ezingazi nto ukwenza abantu ukuba bakhethe indlela yokuziphatha ezinzileyo.
Ke, ubunewunewu yinto enokwenzeka: xa siphumelela ukudibanisa iimpawu ezifanelekileyo kunye nezinto kunye nomfanekiso wobuntofontofo kunye nenqanaba, senza imeko-bume engqongileyo kunye nokuziphatha okuthandekayo inqwenelekayo kwaye inomdla. Ukuba sikhetha olu khetho kwi-drive yangaphakathi, siya kuhlala sinokuthenjwa ngakumbi kule ndlela inqwenelekayo yeplanethi iphela kunoko xa kusixelwa iimpikiswano ezizizo kuthi kunye nokuphakanyiswa komnwe wesalathiso.
Ilinde ukwandiswa kwengeniso
Ukulibaziseka komvuzo kufuna isixa esifanelekileyo sokuzeyisa. Indlela esikwazi ngayo ukwenza oko ebuntwaneni ifundwe kwiminyaka ye-1970 isebenzisa uvavanyo lwe-marshmallow. Apha, umntwana wanikwa imashmallow kwaye wanikwa iinketho ezimbini: nokuba inokutya imarshmallow kwangoko, okanye inokuzibamba ilinde okwethutyana ukuba umvavanyi abuye. Ukuba umntwana ebengayityanga i-marshmallow ngelo xesha, ebeya kufumana enye. Olu vavanyo lubonise ukuba abantwana babenobunzima obukhulu bokuxhathisa isilingo; uninzi lutya iilekese ngaphambi kokuba umvavanyi abuye. Uphando lwakutsha nje lubonise ukonyuka kwinani labantwana abahlala bezinzile. Nangona kunjalo, le nto inokuba nento yokwenza nento yokuba namhlanje abantwana banokufikelela okungavinjelwanga kwiilekese.
Ukuziphatha kwabantu abadala kukwabonisa ukuba asilunganga kakhulu ngokucinga ngekamva kwaye silinde umvuzo. Nokuba lutyalomali okanye ucwangciso lwepenshini, oko akwenzi elona khetho luqoqosho. Uqoqosho lwezinto ozifundileyo lubonelela ngokuqonda kwiimeko apho sizimisele ukukhetha khona kamva, kodwa ngaphezulu, umvuzo: umvuzo okhawulezileyo kufuneka ube ungaphantsi kwengeniso yexesha elizayo, kwaye akufuneki ube kude kakhulu kwixesha elizayo. Okokugqibela kodwa kungaphelelanga apho, kufuneka siqiniseke ukuba utyalomali lwethu kwikamva lisezandleni ezikhuselekileyo. Ukuphela komgama wexesha sele kudala ukungaqiniseki.
Photo / Ividiyo: Shutterstock.
