UVeronika Janyrova
Le ayonto intsha kumfundi ophumeleleyo kulawulo lweshishini, njengoko ufunda ngemfazwe esemgangathweni kwiimesta ezimbalwa zokuqala. Kwezobugcisa bokwenyani, baqokelelwa ziingcali zezoqoqosho zaseMelika uCarl Shapiro kunye noHal Ronald Varian kwinqaku labo elothusayo "Ubugcisa beemfazwe zemigangatho," obonakale kuHlaziyo loLawulo lweCalifornia kunyaka we-1999 Kuyo, bacacisa ngokweenkcukacha ukuba zeziphi izicwangciso zobuchule ezizisa inkampani xa imigangatho yobugcisa yenziwe kubo kwaye bancomela iindlela ngeendlela amacebo afanele ukwenziwa ngabaphathi. Enye yezi zinto kukukhalaza kwiikomiti zokubeka emgangathweni ukuze zilungelelaniswe ngokusemandleni kunye neempawu zemveliso okanye iinkqubo zemveliso. Ukuba umntu uyaphumelela ekutyhaleleni iimveliso zokhuphiswano nabo ngaphandle kwesiqhelo kwangaxeshanye, umntu ubenakho ithuba lokukhuphisana elizinzileyo.
"Ndingatsho ukuba ukuphembelela imigangatho yezobuchwephesha lushishino oluphambili kubakhenkethi, kuba kubavumela ukuba balawule zonke iimakethi, banyanzelise iinkqubo zabo zemveliso kwaye baqhubeke nokujonga abo bakhuphisana nabo."
Ingcaphephe yeengcali zokunxibelelanisa uMartin Pigeon
Ene mene muh ...
Iinkqubo zokubekwa emgangathweni akukho malunga nokusebenza kunye nokhuseleko. Kukwathetha malunga nokuthengiswa kwemarike. Nangona imigangatho ithiyweyokuzithandela ngokuzithandela, ihlala ikubonakalisa ukuba ayinakho ukuziphumeza. Ukuba imveliso okanye inkqubo iwela ngaphandle komda, inkampani ineengxaki ezinkulu zokhuphiswano. Ayisondeli kuyo nayiphi na iodolo ebhekisa kumgaqo ofanelekileyo osebenzayo.
“Andinakuze ndisebenze nenkampani engakhiyo ngokuhambelana nemigangatho okanye engenazo iimvume ezifanelekileyo. Kuba zonke iikhontrakthi ziqulathe ibinzana 'ngokuhambelana nemigangatho'. Ungaphambuka kwisakhiwo uqobo. Kodwa ukuba kungakhe kubekho imbambano esemthethweni, thina njengabakhi sinoxanduva olupheleleyo- nokuba umonakalo wolwakhiwo unento yokwenza nokuphambuka. Ngokombono wezomthetho, zonke ezo zinto zibhekisa ikakhulu ekuthobeleni imigangatho ”, utshilo uBernd Pflüger ovela kwi-BUS Architects.
... kwaye uphumile!
UMonica Nicoloso, ongumnini kunye nomphathi olawulayo wezakhiwo zezitena zasePottenbrunn, uyazi ukuba isityalo esincinci semveliso sithetha ntoni ukuba imveliso yaso ayifumaneki kuwo nawuphi na umgangatho. Kumashumi eminyaka, inkampani engumnini wosapho ivelise iinkqubo ze chimney kwaye zithengise ngeAustria yoVavanyo lobuGcisa (ÖTZ). Kude kube ngonyaka we-2012 endaweni ye-ÖTZ i-BTZ (imvume yobugcisa yokwakha) yaziswa. Kwinkampani encinci, nangona kunjalo, ukufumana le mali kubandakanya indleko zemali kunye nomngcipheko wokuba uyekile nje ukuvunywa. Isiphumo: "Asisasivelisi namhlanje. Ngaphandle kwelayisenisi akukho sitya se chimney siya kususa kwiziko lethu lomlilo. Kwaye intsebenziswano ekumiselweni komgangatho ayinokwenzeka kuthi ngenxa yexesha kunye nezizathu zeendleko, utshilo uNicoloso. Ikhulu elinamashumi amahlanu imbali yenkampani yafika esiphelweni.
UMartin Galler, olawula uMlingane weNkqubela phambili, uyazi ukuba iikomiti zemigangatho zinokuthatha isigqibo malunga nokufika nokudilizwa kwetekhnoloji kunye neenkampani. Inkampani inomdla kwiindonga zokubeka owomileyo kusetyenziswa iindlela ze-elektro-ngokomzimba. Ngonyaka we-2014, u-Gger wafunda ngengozi ukuba i-Önorm B3355, elawula umsele omanzi omanzi, kufuneka uhlaziywe. Emva koko wanxibelelana neMigangatho yase-Austrian, apho wacetyiswa ukuba ayichase imigangatho. Wenze njalo kwaye wafaka isicelo ngaxeshanye ukuze kufakwe kwiqela elisebenzayo i-AG 207.03, eyayiphathiswe uhlaziyo. Oku kulandelwe kukungqubana konyaka omnye onesiqingatha namanye amalungu eqela elisebenzayo elizamile ukuyikhupha kwinkqubo yakhe yokwenza izinto zombane kwesiqhelo. Iimpikiswano ezichazayo azizange zidlale indima, njengoko ibhodi yolamlo ye-ASI ekugqibeleni yatshoyo. Amakhulu eeyure zomsebenzi kunye neengxelo ezininzi zeengcali, iingxelo ezichaseneyo, iintlanganiso kunye namaxwebhu emva kwexesha, kucacile ukuba inkqubo yakhe yokomisa iya kuhlala iyinto eqhelekileyo. Ukuqukumbela kwakhe: "Kuya kuba sengqiqweni ukuba iiarhente zikarhulumente zinike ingqalelo ngakumbi kumgangatho kwimigangatho yokubekwa emgangathweni kunye nokuphucula unxibelelwano lwabo. Ekugqibeleni, kwaba yinto eyenzeka ngam apho ndafumanisa ukuba le nkqubo yethu yombane isengozini yokunyanzelwa ngaphandle kwemarike. "
Ukujonga ukwakheka kweqela elisebenzayo i207.03 ibonisa ngokucacileyo ingxaki yokungabikho kolungelelaniso kweekomiti zokubekwa emgangathweni. Kuyo, abavelisi abalishumi bajongana nabasebenzisi ababini, amaziko oluntu kunye namaziko ophando. Kwiqela elisebenzayo i207.02, elijongana nokubekwa emgangathweni kwesikrelem, udaka nodaka, ubudlelwane bubetha kakhulu. Kulapho, abavelisi abalishumi bajongana nokungasebenzisi mntu omnye, ingcali ezimeleyo kunye namaziko amabini oluntu ukuba athathe isigqibo sokuba uza kuthengisa ntoni kwaye yintoni.
Iziphumo ezingalindelekanga ezingafunekiyo
U-Ernst Nöbl, unjineri womhlalaphantsi kwinkcubeko kunye nokusingqongileyo onamava eminyaka kwiikomiti zokubekwa emgangathweni, uyakwazi ukunika ingxelo ngemeko engafunekiyo yendalo yesiqhelo. Njengomzekelo, ucaphula imigangatho yaseYurophu yezityalo zogutyulo lwamanzi amdaka, ezinokuthi phakathi kwezinye izinto zilawule umgangatho wamanzi amdaka: "Umgangatho ubonakalisa kuphela amaxabiso ngokunxulumene nokungena. Isiphumo soko kukuba izityalo zonyango lokuhambisa amanzi amdaka e-Austria zithengiswa ngaphandle kwazo naziphi na iingxaki, ezinomxholo we-nitrogen kunye ne-phosphate engaphezulu kwexabiso elisemthethweni.
Ngokombono wakhe, ubunjineli kufuneka bunikezwe ubunzima obungakumbi (kwimigangatho) yemigangatho yokumisela kunye nemilinganiselo ebuyiselwe ekusebenzeni kwabo bokuqala njengeengcebiso zokuzithandela. "Iinkampani zizikhuphela ngaphandle kwiikomiti zokubeka emgangathweni. Oku kuya kukunika ithuba ngokucacileyo lokukhuphisana. Bacwangcisi kunye iinjineli, nangona kunjalo, zincinci. Ixesha elifunekayo asihlawuleli kangako, "utshilo uNöbl.
Ukujonga iBrussels
Kuba malunga ne-90 yepesenti yemigangatho esebenzayo e-Austria yeyaseYurophu okanye imvelaphi yehlabathi, umntu akanakuphepha ukujonga kwicala laseBrussels. Ngaphezulu nangaphezulu kweenkampani ze-11.000 zokubhengeza, sihlala sinexhala malunga nendlela yokufaka igalelo "ngokwakhayo", umzekelo, umgaqo we-EU wokubulala izitshabalalisi, isikhokelo sokhuselo sedatha ye-EU okanye isivumelwano sorhwebo simahla kwi-TTIP.
Ngokuchasene noko, kukho indibaniselwano enye yemibutho engama-40 yokhuselo lokusingqongileyo- kwihlabathi liphela- elivavanya ukuhambelana kwendalo kwemigangatho kunye nemilinganiselo yamanye amazwe. I-ECOS (Umbutho wabemi baseYurophu wokusiNgqongileyo wokumiselwa komgangatho) imelwe kwiikomiti zobugcisa ezingama-60 zizonke ukuqinisekisa ukuba ungcoliseko lokusingqongileyo luyacuthwa kwaye ubuchule namandla nokusebenza kumiliselwa ngendlela. “Kwi-EU singomnye wamaqela anomdla amkelwe ngokusesikweni athe inxaxheba yawo kwiinkqubo zokumiselwa komgangatho waseYurophu ikwaxhaswa yi-EU. Oku kuyabhatala into yokuba amaqela emibutho yoluntu kunye namashishini amancinci naphakathi awabandakanyeki kulandelelwano lweenkqubo zokumiswa kuzwelonke ”, itsho i-ECOS.
Emva koko, i-Corporate Europe Observatory yi-NGO esekwe eBrussels, egada kwaye iwuhlalutya ngokucokisekileyo umsebenzi wabathengisi bayo. Ukuphawula ngokubaluleka kwemigangatho yezobuchwephesha, ingcali kwezokuphembelela uMartin Pigeon uphendula athi: "Ndingathi ukuphembelela imigangatho yezobuchwephesha yenye yamashishini abambisi bamashishini, kuba kubavumela ukuba balawule zonke iimakethi, banyanzelise iinkqubo zabo zemveliso kwaye bakhuphisane nabakhuphisana nabo. Ukugcina itsheki [...] Ukuba ungena kwiinkcukacha, uyaqonda ukuba iimfazwe zokuphembelela zolawulo zezona nto ziphambili zorhwebo lwamanye amazwe kwaye zininzi ezobupolitika ezenzekayo egameni lemigangatho. "
Ukucaca okungakumbi kuyafuneka
Ngapha koko, imigangatho yezobugcisa kunye nemilinganiselo ilawula i-80 yepesenti yorhwebo lwehlabathi kunye nokulawula ukufikelela kwiimarike ezininzi. Banempembelelo kuyilo, ukusebenza, ukuvelisa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo yonke into eveliswayo. Kodwa njengoko zicacisiwe njengoko zichaza iimpawu zemveliso kunye neenkqubo zemveliso, ke le nto ayibonakali yinkqubo yokuvela kwabo. Rhoqo akuqondakali ukuba ngubani owachaze umgangatho kunye nokuba ziphi iinjongo anomdla kuzo. Ke ngoko, iinkqubo zokubekwa emgangathweni kufuneka zivuleleke kwaye zibekho ngokucacileyo ukuba nenqanaba lokuba semthethweni.
Inkqubo yokumiselwa komgangatho e-Austrian
• Ngokubanzi, e-Austria, imigangatho ye-23.000 (ÖNORMEN) iyasebenza.
• Imigangatho zizindululo ezisetyenziswa kwazo ngokuzithandela ngokuzithandela.
• Ngaphandle, umthetho wepalamente ubhengeza umgangatho wokubopha okanye ukubhekisa kuwo kwimithetho, kwimigaqo, kwizaziso, njl. (Malunga ne-5 yepesenti yayo yonke imigangatho).
Malunga ne-90 yepesenti yemigangatho esetyenziswayo kweli lizwe inemvelaphi yaseYurophu okanye yamazwe aphesheya.
• Imigangatho iphuhliswa yimigangatho yase-Austrian, ethi ibonelele ngolawulo lweprojekthi njengomnikezeli weenkonzo ongathathi cala.
• Izicelo zokuphuhliswa komgangatho omtsha okanye sokuhlaziywa komgangatho okhoyo simahla kumfaki sicelo ukusukela kwi2016.
• Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwiikomiti zokubekwa emgangathweni nako kusimahla ukusukela kwi2016.
Iindleko ekungenwe ngazo ngabathathi-nxaxheba kwixesha elichithwe ekuhambeni, ukuya, ukulungiselela nokulandela iiseshoni zomsebenzi.
• Onke amalungu ekomiti kufuneka avumelane nomgangatho ukuze kugqitywe ngawo (umgaqo-siseko wokungabinani).
Ukucaciswa kwenkqubo yokubekwa emgangathweni e-Austrian kuyaqinisekiswa, umzekelo, ngezi zipapasho zasimahla ze-Intanethi:
• izicelo zophuhliso okanye zokuhlaziywa kwemigangatho - ngamathuba okunika izimvo,
Imigangatho yoyilo-ngamathuba okuphendula,
Iinkampani nemibutho ethumela abathathi-nxaxheba kwiikomiti ezizimeleyo,
• imisebenzi kunye neeprojekthi zangoku zekomiti nganye,
Inkqubo yenkqubo yesizwe ebonisa ukuba zeziphi izindululo zeprojekthi kunye nemigangatho yoyilo ekhoyo esidlangalaleni ukuze abantu banike izimvo.
Ukulinganiswa kwenkqubo yokubekwa emgangathweni kufuneka kuqinisekiswe yinto yokuba iikomiti zihlala zimele onke amaqela anomdla kwindawo yengcali - okt abavelisi, amagunya, abathengi, amaziko ovavanyo, isayensi, amaqela anomdla, njl.
Ukuvuleleka kufuneka kuqinisekiswe ngokuvumela ukuthatha inxaxheba kwimizimba yokubeka emgangathweni wonke ukuba ivulekele wonke umntu. Nangona kunjalo, umntu kufuneka abe nolwazi-olufanelekileyo kunye nolwazi.
• Ukubaluleka kunye nokuba luncedo kwemigangatho kuqwalaselwa kuVavanyo loluntu okanye kuvavanyo. Kuvulelekile kuye nabani na ukuba aveze umbono wakhe kwaye acebise utshintsho kwisicelo seprojekthi.
Nje ukuba ikomiti igqibe ukuyila umgangatho, iya kupapashwa kwi-intanethi ukuze uluntu luvakalise izimvo.
Umthombo: Imigangatho ye-Austrian, ngoMeyi 2017
Photo / Ividiyo: Shutterstock.
