Lwela imozulu

"Ngaphezu kweminyaka engamashumi amabini, naluphi na uhlaziyo olunyanzelekileyo lotshintsho lwemozulu kunye nonobangela luye lwacelwa umngeni ngabom; Nawuphi na umzamo wokuqulunqwa kweenkqubo ezinamabhongo zokunxibelelana neemfuno zobomi zenziwa zenzeka ngokudibana ngokungaqhelekanga kwezimo zoqoqosho ezikhululekileyo (ukukhula! Ukukhula! Ukukhula!), Kunye nengxolo yangemuva (kude nemigaqo!) Nomgaqo-nkqubo wezentengiselwano ohleliwe kwezopolitiko ngenxa yalowo ubizwa ngokuba ngumntu omncinci "( Asenzi njalo - abanye babekek 'ityala!) Sisoyikiso esijolisiweyo (abasemzini! Iparadesi yentlalo!) Ihlazisiwe kwaye ilungile e-Austrian: yadutshulwa, ngaphambi kokuba kuxoxwe nzulu, utshilo u-Robert Lechner woMbutho wase-Austrian for Sustainable Building ÖGNB.

Iindawo ezinkulu zecandelo lezokwakha azinamdla ekusebenzeni kwamandla kunye nokhuselo lwemozulu. "
URobert Lechner, ÖGNB

Iipesenti ezilishumi kuphela ezikhupha i-CO2

Masijongane nayo: Utshintsho lwemozulu luyenzeka. Umonakalo sele wenziwe. Ngoku imalunga nomda wokubakho komonakalo. Kwaye ke, nokuba kungekude kangakanani na ebomini ubomi bomgangatho wasemhlabeni kunokwenzeka. Akukho nto, ukuba oko kubhalwe ngonyaka ka-2016.
Inye into eqinisekileyo: Kuphela xa sithatha iinjongo zokhuseleko lwemozulu ekuvunyelenwe ngazo kwisivumelwano semozulu saseParis 2015 ngokungqongqo sinokuthi ukuqhubela phambili kokufudumala kwehlabathi ku + 1,5 okanye + 2 degrees Celsius kumiswe kwaye kuthintelwe owona monakalo mibi kakhulu. I-Austria, oku kuthetha ukuba kwi-2050, sivunyelwe kuphela ukuba sikhuphe malunga neepesenti ezilishumi zokukhutshwa kwe-CO2 ukusuka kwi-1990, emalunga nezigidi ezisibhozo zeetoni ze-CO2. Ayikho into eninzi. Iphepha lebhalansi ye-CO2 yangoku, ngokwesimo se-Arhente yezeMeko ye-Federal ye-2015, iya kuba phantsi kwe-78,8 yezigidi zeetoni ze-CO2 elilinganayo, ibeka i-Austria kwinqanaba elifanayo njengaphambi kweminyaka ye-25.

Umlo wamacandelo

Ngokombono wanamhlanje, owona mbuzo ubalulekileyo ayisi: Siyenza njani loo nto? Owona mbuzo ubalulekileyo ngulo: senza ntoni ngezigidi ezisibhozo zeetoni ze-CO2 kunyaka we-2050? ", ULechner uyibeka kancinane. Imfazwe yemfazwe yabanqolobi kudala yaqala, nto leyo ichaza ukuba kutheni kusekho sicwangciso-nkqubo semozulu sasekhaya ngokubhekisele kwisivumelwano semozulu yaseParis. Leliphi icandelo lezoqoqosho ekufuneka i-CO2 ikwazi "ukuvuthuza" kwixesha elizayo? Ziphi izinto eziphambili ngokubaluleka?
Impendulo zisobala: Siza kuqhubeka ukuxhomekeka kukutya kwixesha elizayo, okuya kuthetha ukuba ezolimo kunye nemfuyo ziya kuba ngaphandle kweenkuni. Kwaye nezinto ezisebenza kunye nokuveliswa akunakufikeleleka.
Yiyo kunye ne-CO2. Oko kuthetha ukuba: akusekho zinto zininzi zithuthi, kulawulo lwenkunkuma, ... - kwaye ngakumbi kwicandelo lezokwakha.

Esona sakhiwo silula

Yintoni esizisa kumbuzo olandelayo: Zeziphi iindawo ezinokuthi zithintele ngokwenyani ukukhutshwa kwe-CO2? Ewe kunjalo, ishishini kusafuneka lihlebe ngokufanelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, izinto ezikhutshiweyo akunakuze zithintelwe. Kanye njengakwezolimo, ezinto ezikhutshwayo zivele ngenxa yeenkqubo zokunkcenkceshela zemvelo. Kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo, ukutshintshela ku-e-ukuhamba akusayi kusinda - kwaye kuya kuba nokudinwa ngokwaneleyo. Nangona kunjalo, indawo esele inezisombululo zetekhnoloji ilungele ngokukodwa i-CO2 yeiver: icandelo lokwakha.
Malunga namakhaya, ukufudumeza indawo kumela ukusetyenziselwa amandla aphezulu, ukubalwa kwesibini kwisithathu sokusetyenziswa kwamandla okugqibela .. Amanyathelo okusebenza kwamandla kunye nokujika okukhawulezayo - kwaye yile nto zonke iingcali zekhaya ziyavumelana nemvelaphi yesayensi-ziyafuneka imithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo yokufudumeza kwendawo.

Izisombululo Indlu yokuHamba kunye neCo

Izisombululo kudala zifikile: Izindlu ezingena ndawo, izindlu zelanga, kunye nezindlu zamandla-kukho umxholo wokwakha yonke incasa. Ufakelo olushushu lunikezelwa zixhobo ze-20-kubandakanya ezivuselelekayo. Kukwakhona nezinye iindlela ezinokuphinda zisebenze ezinokuphehlwa zefosile zokufudumeza. "Ngokwakha izakhiwo ezitsha phakathi kwe2016-2020 kuphela, eyimfuneko eyongezelelweyo yamandla iya kuba yi-5.483 GWh ngokweSicwangciso seSizwe. Oku kuyahambelana ne-43 yepesenti yemveliso yobushushu iyonke yazo zonke izityalo ezinamandla okufudumeza kunye nokushushubeza kwesithili. Oku kunyuka kwemfuno yamandla kunokuncitshiswa nge-3.570 GWh kwimigangatho yendlu yokuhamba kunye neendleko zamandla zincitshiswe nge-200 yezigidi zeerandi ngonyaka. Oku kuyakuqinisekisa ukuba indawo yokuhlala isisigxina kubahlali base600.000, "ucacisa uGünter Lang wasePassivhaus Austria.

Ukumelana nomzi mveliso wokugcina

Kodwa umgaqo-nkqubo wemozulu ekhaya uqhubeka nokubonakaliswa kukungazinzi kunye nokusilela. Kuwo kuphela lo nyaka, iimali ezibizwa ngokuba ziitshekhi zokumanyaniswa kwakhona zinqunyulwe kwakhona-zisuka kwi-132,4 yezigidi zeerandi ngonyaka 2013 ukuya kwi-43,5 yezigidi (2016). Ngaphandle kwempembelelo yoqoqosho oluqinisekisiweyo kunye nokuhamba kancinci kwinqanaba lokuhlengahlengiswa kwepesenti enye. Okokugqibela kuthetha ukuba kuthatha i-70 ukuya kwi-100 iminyaka de isitokhwe sokwakha esikhoyo e-Austria sihlaziywe ngokomzimba.
Iimeko zesakhelo senkxaso-mali yezindlu ziya kugxekwa kabukhali: ukuphawulwa kwezixhobo zezindlu sele kungcwatywe kwiminyaka eyadlulayo; phantsi kwengxabano yendlu efikelelekayo, amazwe aya esitsho okuhle ngokwendlela yokuphilayo.
Into yokuba ishishini lokwakha kunye nokuthengiswa kwezezindlu liyachuma njengelinye lamacandelo ambalwa kwaye imeko yezoqoqosho yezoqoqosho yenza ezinye iingxoxo zibe nzima. Okubi ngakumbi kukuba, sisimo sengqondo sokugcina ubugcisa obuzinzileyo kunye nothando lokukhulisa inzuzo ehambelana ngakumbi neli shishini. Lechner: "Masiyeke ukukhohlisa omnye komnye. Iindawo ezinkulu zecandelo lezokwakha azinamdla ekusebenzeni kwamandla kunye nokukhuselwa kwemozulu. Bafumana iziphumo eziziphumo ziyacaphukisa. Kwaye ngokuchanekileyo lo mmandla wabadlali ubesoloko ulandela umgaqo-nkqubo wokutshabalalisa, ukuthambisa imigangatho esele ikhona kunye nokuthintela amanyathelo amatsha okhuselo lwemozulu kushishino lokwakha iminyaka eliqela. "

"Ngenxa yeziphumo zolu phononongo lokuqala, ithiyori" yokwanda kokusebenza kwamandla njengotshaba lwendalo yokwakha iindleko "ayibonakali ngathi izinzile."

Imida yezoqoqosho

Ukude kwabadlali beli shishini lokwakha, abangavumiyo nayiphi na inkqubela kwicandelo lendalo, enye ingxoxo iphambili iphindwa iphindwe kabini: ukwakhiwa kwendalo kunye nokusebenza okufanelekileyo kwamandla bekungayi kuba kuqoqosho. Oku kulandelayo: Ewe kunjalo, kukho umda wezoqoqosho apho imilinganiselo yokwakha ihlawula ngaphezulu komjikelo wobomi. Okwangoku, nangona kunjalo, izifundo ezininzi, izifundo kunye, ewe, iiprojekthi zokwakha ezininzi ziye zaqikelela ukuba indlu yokwakha inokwakhiwa ngendleko zesakhiwo esiqhelekileyo, okanye ubuncinci kungenise iindleko ezongeziweyo ngokongezo oluthe gqolo kwiindleko zamandla kwixesha eliphakathi nelide. Okubaluleke ngakumbi, nangona kunjalo, kukufumana umakhi onobuchule obakhela ngokwemibandela efanelekileyo: iyodwa, iindleko zexabiso lokwakha kwi-federal state inokuthi ibe ngaphezulu kweepesenti ze-50.
Uphononongo lwaseJamani olwenziwe liZiko iEcofys likwafumanise ukuba zonke izinto eziyimfuneko ekusebenzeni kwamandla ziye zehla kakhulu kule minyaka idlulileyo. Isiphelo sesifundo: "Ngenxa yeziphumo zolu phononongo lokuqala, thesis" yokunyusa amandla asebenza njengotshaba lwendalo kulwakhiwo olungenaxabiso "ayibonakali ngathi izinzile."

Photo / Ividiyo: Shutterstock.