Ukufudumeza ngeepellets

Ukusuka ngaphandle, iipellets azibonakali kwaphela, kodwa amandla azo amakhulu afihliwe ngaphakathi: Ngobunzima bamandla obujikeleze i-4,8 kWh / kg (17.000 kJ / kg), iitoni ezimbini zeepellets zihambelana neelitha ezili-1.000 zeoyile yokufudumeza. Ayisiyonto ilulutho ukuba oomatshini bokushicilela abancinci be-sawd bathathelwa ingqalelo njengabanethemba lekamva elinamandla okusingqongileyo. Injongo icacile okoko isiVumelwano semozulu saseParis sango-2015 kutshanje: Ngelixa iifosili zefosili kuyakufuneka zithintelwe njengomthombo wamandla kule minyaka ingamashumi ambalwa izayo kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okwandayo okwangoku kufuneka kuncitshiswe, umsantsa oshiyekileyo kufuneka uvalwe phantse ngokupheleleyo ngamandla ahlaziyekayo. I-Biomass ngokukodwa ngokwesiko idlala indima ebalulekileyo e-Austria: inani le-bioenergy eneenkuni, iichips zeenkuni, iipellets kunye nokunye okunje ngamandla amandla ahlaziyekayo yibhongo le-57,7 lepesenti- kakuhle phambi kombane. Imithombo yamandla e-Biogenic ikwangaphambi kwegophe xa kufikwa kufudunyezwa amagumbi asekhaya: Ngesabelo sentengiso seepesenti ezingama-33, bebehamba phambili kunegesi yendalo (iipesenti ezingama-2012), ioyile yokufudumeza (iipesenti ezingama-24), ukufudumeza isithili (iipesenti ezili-23), umbane (12,5, 3,9%) kunye nobushushu belanga kunye neempompo zobushushu (kunye neepesenti ze-3,4).

Iipellets ngamanani

Nokuba i-1997 yayiyindawo yokuvelisa i-pellet yase-Austria kwiitoni ze-5.000, ukusukela ngoko, ukuveliswa kunye nokusetyenziswa kuye kwaphakama kabukhali: I-2015 sele ivelise isigidi esinye seetoni zepellets kweli lizwe, iitoni ze-850.000 zichithwe. Kwangonyaka omnye, umntu ngamnye wase-Austrian utya umndilili malunga neekhilogremu ze-100 zeepellets ngeenjongo zokufudumeza kwaye ukuhambelana neDenmark, emva nje kweSweden (120 kg). Kodwa ibhalansi ayilula kangako: I-Austria ibisoloko iyithumela ngaphandle i-pellet net: Iitoni ze-2015 555.000 zaya phesheya, iitoni ze-369.000 zangeniswa ikakhulu zivela eRomania, eJamani nakwiRiphabliki yaseCzech.

Iipellets ziveliswa eOstriya njengemveliso ephuma kwimizi-mveliso yeenkuni kwaye sisiphumo sokusetyenziswa kwesarha kunye nezixhobo zeenkuni, ezithi ngale ndlela ziphuculwe zibe ngumthombo wamandla aphezulu. Isawdust kunye nokufakwa kweenkuni kwenziwa ngokuzenzekelayo kumanani amakhulu xa usika / ulungisa iinkuni.

Impumelelo ye-biomass kule minyaka idlulileyo inokuchazwa ngendlela elula, ngaphandle kwembono yendalo: iipellets ikakhulu zizinto ezicocekileyo, ezinobungqina bokamva kwaye ngaphezu kwayo yonke into, ezingabizi kakhulu, ezinokubiza iindleko ngaphandle kokufudumeza ioyile kunye nerhasi.I-1997 inokusebenzisa kuphela i-425 pellets Austrian for Heating I-boilers ze-pellet ze-2014 zibaliwe.
Ukusetyenziswa kwendlela yokufudumeza enobudlelwane kwindalo kunokukhula ngokukhawuleza, kodwa: "Imveliso yePellet kungenzeka ukuba ikhule kwixesha elizayo, njengakwixa elidlulileyo, malunga nokusetyenziswa kwasekhaya. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, oku kukusebenza kwendlela kuthathwa ngokungaginyisi mathe ngayo, ngesantya esingakanani, umzekelo, inani elikhoyo leenkqubo zokufudumeza i-700.000 e-Austria zithathelwa indawo, utshilo uChristian Rakos, uMlawuli oLawulayo weqela lase-Austria elinomdla.

Umbane ovela kwi-pellets

Kodwa iipellets ezincinci nazo zinamandla amakhulu: Okwangoku, kusonjululwa izisombululo zobugcisa ukuvelisa umbane kwiimveliso ezenziwe ngamaplanga. Oku kubhekisele kubushushu obuhlanganisiweyo kunye namandla kuluhlu lwamandla amancinci, oluvumela amandla ngaxeshanye kunye nemveliso yobushushu. Kusekho isidingo sophando kunye nophuhliso apha, kodwa iimodeli zokuqala zokufudumeza sele zisevenkile. Kwaye ngaphezulu kwayo yonke loo nto, baya kunikezela ngento enye kwixesha elizayo: ukuzimela kwamandla ngakumbi kumakhaya asekhaya. U-ÖkoFen usandula kugunyazisa inkqubo yokuqala yokufudumeza i-pellet "Pellematic e-max" kumthengi.

Ucalulo luyekisiwe

Konke kulungile kwaye kulungile-ukuba ayizukukhetha ezimbini ezinokulonakalisa ikamva eluhlaza. Ucalucalulo lokuqala: Ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kweenkuni kuyanceda, kunokuba yingozi kwindalo. "Ukungasebenzisi hlathi sisisongelo sehlathi. Esona sisongelo kumahlathi omthonyama kukutshintsha kwemozulu. Kuya kufuneka sisebenzise ihlathi lezinto ezinamandla ngokuzinzileyo, ukuze siqinisekise ubukho bamahlathi kwixesha elide ", counter Rakos. Kwaye: "Kule minyaka ingamashumi amahlanu idlulileyo, i-Austrian Forest Inventory (ÖWI) ibiphonononga imeko kunye notshintsho kwihlathi lase-Austrian. Idatha yayo inikezela ngolwazi lokuzinza kwayo kwaye isetyenziswa njengesiseko sezinto ezenziwa izigqibo kumgaqo-nkqubo wehlathi kunye nowokusingqongileyo. Isitokhwe seenkuni, izifundo zibonisa, bezikhula ngokuthe chu ukusukela kwiminyaka yoo-1960. Ukulondolozwa kunye nokwanda kokusetyenziswa kweenkuni njengesixhobo esingaginyisi mathe kunye nomthombo wamandla akufuneki kuphikisana. "Kwaye idatha ye-ÖWI ngokwenene ibonisa umfanekiso ocacileyo: I-Austria inendawo ye-47,6 yepesenti malunga neehektare ezizigidi ezine zehlathi - kunye nokunyuka kweehektare ze-3.040 ngonyaka. I-Rakos: "E-Austria, i-pellets ziveliswa ngokukodwa ukusuka kwisarha kunye nokucheba. Kwiipellets, akukho mthi ugxothiweyo. E-Europe, malunga ne-2 / 3 yeenkuni ezihlaziywa qho ngonyaka ziyavunwa - iinkuni ezisehlathini zihlala zikhula. "

Umda ophambili

Inketho yesibini: Ngokungeniswa kwee-pellets kumgama omde, ingqiqo yendalo iyathintelwa. Abagxeki bathi i-pellets ngokuqinisekileyo ziyinto eluhlaza enokuhlaziywa, kodwa i-CO2 nayo ikhutshwa ngexesha lokuqhubekisa kunye nokuhambisa. Umzekelo womvelisi weWelser pellet uM Sturmberger uyayiphika le nto ngokucacileyo iipellets zasekhaya: Inyani yokuba kuveliswa apha kuphela kwaye kuhlangulwe ubushushu bokomisa umhlaba kwisanti yokutshisa inkunkuma kunye nokuveliswa kwamandla, inokuba yi-98,9-ipesenti ye-CO2 yokuncitshiswa xa kuthelekiswa nezitshisi zeoyile. Ukuqukumbela: Igama eliphambili ekusetyenzisweni kwe-pellet kukungingqi.

Into yezoqoqosho

Kwaye lo mmandla ukwabonisa enye inzuzo enkulu yoqoqosho: Ulwandiso oluzinzileyo lwamandla ahlaziyekayo lwenza ingeniso yerhafu koomasipala, luyila imisebenzi kwaye ke luphucula ukuthengwa kwamandla kulo mmandla. EJamani, ubushushu obuvela kwimithombo enokuhlaziywa buze malunga neebhiliyoni zee-euro kwi-2012. E-Austria, kukho uphando olwenziwa yi-Arhente yezaMandla yase-Austrian, echaza ingqesho ngqo yengingqi ngokusebenzisa amandla avela kwi-biomass. Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iinkqubo zokufudumeza, ngakumbi ezo zisekwe kwioyile nakwirhasi yendalo, amanani e-pellets - i-123 okanye i-217 iiyure zomsebenzi nge-TJ, ukuba isityalo sokuthengisa sikwisithili-nika umfanekiso oqinisekileyo wobunzulu bengqesho.

Iingenelelo kunye nokungalunganga

• Iipellets ngumthombo wamandla ahlaziyekayo ohlangabezana neemfuno zobushushu zendlu. Ukuveliswa kwamandla kwamanqanaba amancinci kusasilela kwitekhnoloji yokukhuphisana.
• Izixhobo zokufudumeza i-Pellet zibonelela ngeyona ndlela iphezulu yokufudumeza kunye nokuthembeka.
• Iipellets ziyimveliso emileyo, yendalo yasekhaya enexabiso eliphezulu lekhalori kunye nokudibana okucocekileyo.
• Iipellets zidinga indawo encinci kwaye zingagcinwa kwigumbi elidala lokugcina ioyile.
• Iifenitshala zePellet zinokubekwa kwigumbi lokuhlala (izitovu zepellet okanye izitovu zokufudumeza zepellet) kwaye zidale imeko yokuphila ngokukhanya komlilo.
• Iipellets azisixabiso eliphantsi kuneoyile yokufudumeza kunye negesi, kodwa zibiza kakhulu.
• Iinkqubo zokufudumeza i-Pellet ziphakanyiswa kumazwe amaninzi e-federal kunye ne-Climate and Energy Fund.
• Iipellets zi ipetroli enobuhlobo bemozulu kuba zikhupha kuphela i-CO2 eninzi njengoko imithi iye yancanca xa ikhula emoyeni.
• Iipellets zokhuni zimele ixabiso langaphakathi elongeziweyo kunye nemisebenzi kwaye ngaloo ndlela zidala isazela esihle kwezentlalo kunye nokusingqongileyo.
• Xa kuthelekiswa neenkqubo zokufudumeza ioyile kunye negesi, iindleko zotyalo mali eziphezulu.

Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla asekhaya okuphela kwamandla, amandla ahlaziyekayo kunye ne-biomass

(Statistics Austria, Energy Balance 2013)

Photo / Ividiyo: Shutterstock.