Amandla aluhlaza-isela lamandla afihlakeleyo

Isaladi yeziqhamo ye-kiwi kunye ne-banana, i-Kornspitz ene-ham kunye noshizi, kunye neglasi yejusi ye-orange. Isidlo sakusasa esinganamandla kunye neevithamini kuphela, kodwa sikwanendlela ende emva kwayo. Ngaba uyazi ukuba ezi zithako "zesidlo sakusasa ezikude" zithuthwe zizonke ukuya kwi-30.000 yeekhilomitha ukuya emhlabeni kwiplate yakho? Ezona ndawo zibalaseleyo emhlabeni jikelele zindawo nganye ineekhilomitha ezili-11.000 zejusi ezivela kwii-Orenji zaseBrazil kunye nebhanana Costa Rica. Ukulandelwa yi-cocoa evela e-Afrika (i-6.000 km), i-Spanish turkey (2.200 km).

Abo bathanda ukutya ngeemayile ezimbalwa, banokuthatha umthwalo omkhulu bemke kwindalo. Umzekelo wesidlo sakusasa ulula kakhulu: iziqhamo ikakhulu zivela e-Austria, ii-orenji ezivela e-Italiya (malunga neekhilomitha ze-1.000) kunye neesoseji kunye noshizi zifumaneka ngobuninzi kweli lizwe. ISebe lezoKhuseleko lweNdalo kuRhulumente wePhondo lase-Austrian libalele ukuba "isidlo sakusasa esikufutshane" sinomgangatho omnye kuphela weshumi lokungena kwindlela.

Ukusetyenziswa kwendlu yombane
NgokweStatistics Austria, amandla ophakathi okusetyenziswa kwendlu yase-Austrian phakathi kwe-2003 kunye ne-2012 yehle ngepesenti ezisithoba, ukusuka kwi-5.000 ukuya kuthi ga kwiiyure eziyi-4.600 kilowatt. Ukwehla okukhulu kukwiipesenti ze-45 zeepesenti zomoya kunye neempompo zokujikeleza ngenxa yokusebenza rhoqo, zilandelwa kukuma ngepesenti ye-30 yepesenti, izixhobo ezinkulu ngepesenti ye-23 yepesenti, indawo yokushisa iipesenti ze-18 ipesenti, ipesenti yamanzi ashushu i-13 ipesenti. Kwelinye icala, ukusetyenziswa kombane kunyuse kakhulu ukukhanya kunye nezinto zombane nge-16 ipesenti, ukupholisa nokukhenkceza ngepesenti ezine, kunye nokupheka ngepesenti ezintathu.

Amandla amdaka kwinto nganye
IAluminiyam: 58 kWh / kg
Ubhedu: 26 kWh / kg
Izitena zokwakha (700 kg / m3) 701 kWh / m3
Ikhonkrithi eyomeleziweyo: (2.400 kg / m3) 1.463 kWh / m3
Uboya obuncinci: I-387 kWh / m3
Iselfowuni: 65 kWh / m3
(Umthombo: Amt der Oö. Landesregierung, iSebe loKhuselo lweNdalo)

Ukonga i-eneji Lazy
• Izidingo zokuwasha izitya malunga ne50 yepesenti yamandla ngenxa yokusetyenziswa okuphezulu kwe-DHW xa kuthelekiswa nezitya zokuhlamba.
• Ukupheka ngesivalo kugcina ukuya kwiipesenti ze30. Umzekelo, ukuba uzisa i-1,5 yeelitha zamanzi ngaphandle kwesiciko kwisibilikhi, kuthatha kathathu amandla amaninzi.
• Kwiifriji kunye neeqriqithi: ungashiyi ixesha elide livulekile, buyisela amatywina, ungafaki ukutya okushushu ngaphakathi, gcina umgama owaneleyo eludongeni kwaye ungabeki ecaleni kweeradiya.

Amandla angabonakaliyo

Ukutya okunemigama emide yokuhamba yenye yemizekelo emininzi yamandla egrey. Eli gama libhekisa kumandla asetyenziselwa ukwenziwa, ukuhambisa, ukuhambisa nokulahla iimpahla ezingathengwanga ngokuthe ngqo ngumthengi okanye eziveliswa sisixhobo ngexesha lokusebenza. Yimfuno yamandla engathanga ngqo engahambelani nombane okanye irhasi ekhaya.
Amandla ombala awaveli nakweyiphi na irhafu yombane yomthengi, kodwa ubomi abubalulekanga. Iimveliso ezininzi sele zinomthamo omkhulu wokusetyenziswa kwamandla kwi-humps zazo ngaphambi kokuba sizisebenzise. Njengomthetho wesithupha, i-Federal Statistical Office yaseJamani ibalile: Ichithe nge-euro nganye impahla yabathengi, yabangela malunga neekhilowathi enye yeewhite zamandla

Ukubawa ngamandla egrey

Isixa esikhulu samandla egrey efihliweyo kwizakhiwo. Ukwakha indlu kutya malunga namandla amaninzi njengoko isakhiwo sisitya kamva kwi30 kude kube kwi50 kwiminyaka eyadlulayo. Isizathu sokuhlala kukhula kwenxalenye yamandla grey kukwakhiwa kweendawo zokuhlala ezichithakeleyo, njengoko ukwakhiwa kwendlela kunye neakhawunti yeziseko ezingaphezulu kwesibini kwisithathu samandla afihliweyo.
Kwakhona amandla alambileyo kukuveliswa kwemoto. Isebenzisa malunga neeyure ze-30.000 zeekhilowathi ukuya kusebenzisa amandla wosapho kusithuba seminyaka elishumi.
Kodwa nakwizinto zekhaya ezonxibayo ezazinomdla kakhulu wamandla ngexesha lokuvelisa kunye nokuhambisa. Iziqandisi kunye noomatshini bokuhlamba zifuna inani elilinganayo lamandla njengoko zichitha ngexesha lokuvelisa kwazo ngaphakathi kweminyaka esibhozo.

Owona mkhulu mkhulu umsantsa phakathi kokusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye namandla grey kwizixhobo zombane eziphezulu. Imveliso yabo sele ivelisa amandla amaninzi abayisebenzisayo ngexesha lokusebenzisa kwabo. Ikhompyuter itya malunga nesixhenxe samandla asetyenziswe kwimveliso yayo (malunga ne1.000 kWh), i-smartphone malunga nesishumi. Ngamanye amagama, ukuvelisa i-smartphone kutya malunga namaxesha alishumi amandla angathi sisixhobo asitya ngexesha lobomi bayo bonke.

Ibango lamandla emva kweemveliso zokuprinta lincinci kakhulu. Iphephandaba Ila malunga neeyure ezintlanu kwaye iyalingana malunga nokusetyenziswa kombane ngokulinganayo neeyure ezintlanu zokucoca, kodwa ifundwe ngokomyinge onesiqingatha seyure ngosuku.

I-fairytale ye "friji efanelekileyo"

Lo mzekelo ulandelayo ubonakalisa ukuba udidi lwamandla okusebenza adlala indima ephantsi xa umntu ethelekisa amaxabiso aphezulu esixhobo esitsha kunye namandla okonga anokwenzeka naso:
Ifriji yasimahla yefriji-ejikelezayo (ejikeleze i-300 ilitha yomthamo) isebenzisa i-1.700 kWh (iiyure ze-kilowatt) kwiklasi A +++ kwiminyaka elishumi. Iklasi enokuthelekiswa isixhobo se-A ++ sisebenzisa i-2.000 kWh. Ngokuthelekisa, isixhobo esingaphezulu kweminyaka elishumi (izixhobo zokwenza amandla zangaphambili asithelekisi nanamhlanje) sitya malunga ne-2.700 kWh. Iindleko zombane zingaphezulu kwe-500 Euro emva kweminyaka elishumi yokusebenza. Iklasi A +++ isixhobo sisebenzisa i-300 Euro elungileyo kumbane. Oku kubangela ukugcinwa kwe-200 Euro kuphela kwiminyaka elishumi. Ngenxa yeendleko ezongezekayo (zihlala ziphindwe kabini) yesixhobo se-A++ xa kuthelekiswa ne-A ++, oku kubalwa akuphumeleli, kodwa kudalwa njengentsomi.

Amandla Grey: Iindlela zokuthintela?

Amandla amdaka phantse kuzo zonke iimpahla ezibonakalayo nezingabonakaliyo esizisebenzisayo, phantse ayinakuthintelwa. Umzi mveliso uzama ukwenza abathengi ngegama elingundoqo "ukusebenza kwamandla" xa uthenga isazela esicocekileyo. Kodwa ukulungiselela intsalela yamandla esixhobo kufuneka uphose okuchithiweyo ngexesha lokuvelisa kunye nokuhambisa amandla ombala, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla ngexesha lokusebenza kunye nobomi embizeni. Kwaye xa unikwe elona nani liphezulu lamandla grey kwizixhobo ezininzi, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ukusuka kwisokethi yinto ehlala ithandabuza.

Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi xa uthenga izixhobo zombane ezintsha. Kwiimeko ezininzi - ngakumbi ukuba awuzidingi njalo - kunokuba kubhetele ukusebenzisa izixhobo zasekhaya ezindala ukuze ugcine amandla amdaka kunye nezinto eziluhlaza. I-Arhente yaseSwitzerland yokuSebenza koMbane (SAFE) iyinika inkxaso yesigqibo: Ukutshintshwa kwesixhobo esineminyaka emihlanu ukuya kwesixhenxe kuluncedo kuphela ukuba ulungiso luxabisa ngaphezulu kwe-35 yepesenti yexabiso lokuthenga ngesixhobo esitsha. Kwiminyaka elishumi ngepesenti ye-30 kwaye ukusuka kwiminyaka elishumi kuya kufuneka usebenzise ipesenti ezilishumi njengomqobo wentlungu. Nokuba ujonge imeko yemali, ukuthengwa kwezixhobo ezitsha zasendlini, kuphela ngenxa yodidi oluphezulu lwezinto ezisebenza kakuhle, azizisi sibonelelo (jonga ibhokisi yebhokisi yolwazi "Intsomi yesiqandisi esisebenzayo")

Ukuqukumbela: Ke isitshixo sokuphepha amandla egrey kukusetyenziswa. Kulabo abagcina iimveliso zabo zide, umzi kunqabile ukuba uvelise iimveliso ezintsha, ezinokuthi emva koko zinciphise ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okuhambelana nazo. Kuphela kusetyenziswa iimveliso zokonga amandla kuphela ezikude kwisigcini sokugcina amandla amakhulu, kuya kufuneka uyitshintshe indlela ekusetyenziswa ngayo. Oku kubandakanya, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukuphepha izinto ezinokulahlwa kunye nezinokulahlwa.

Umatshini wombane kwimowudi yokulinda

Umndilili wendlu uchithela iiyure ze-170 kilowatt-iiyure ngonyaka kuphela kwizixhobo ezilala kwimowudi yokulinda. Ukuba ubathabatha nyhani kwigridi-umzekelo, ngemigca yombane enokutshintshwa - unokugcina njalo ngonyaka ubuncinci i-34 Euro. Yonke imizi e-Austria ichitha malunga ne-123 yezigidi zama-euro kwisimo sokuma, okt iiyure ze-615 ze-gigawatt. Ngesiqhelo, oku kuyahambelana nemveliso yombane yonyaka yesikhululo samandla se-Kaunertal, indawo yokugcina amandla kunye nesona sizukulwana siphezulu sonyaka e-Austria.

Imizekelo yeendleko kwimo yokulinda:
• Umatshini ozenzela ikofu ozenzekelayo: iiwatts ezintathu (yenza i-26 kWh ngonyaka okanye ii-euro ezintlanu ngonyaka)
• I-TV ye-LCD: i-watt enye (i-8,7 kWh okanye i-1,7 Euro ngonyaka)
• Imodem + Umzila: ii-watts ezintlanu (i-44 kWh okanye i-8,7 Euro ngonyaka)
Imizekelo iqikelelwa, ukusetyenziswa kunokwahluka kakhulu kuxhomekeka kumvelisi kunye nemodeli.

Photo / Ividiyo: Shutterstock.