Helmut Melzer
Nabani na othetha ngokuhlala kakuhle kwindawo yokuhlala akanakuwutyeshela umxholo wentuthuzelo. Oku kubhekisa kuluhlu olunqabileyo lobushushu, oluphakathi kweembilini zomzimba zokugcwala kwegazi kunye nokubila kunye nokuziva kohola. Ukuba ukulingana kwe-thermal kungagcinwa ngaphandle komzamo wolawulo, umntu uya kufumana intuthuzelo enobushushu.
"Kuxhomekeke kwinkcubeko yendawo yethu kunye nemozulu, isinxibo esihlengahlengiswayo sinokwenza amaqondo obushushu phakathi kwe16 kunye ne-32 degrees Celsius, njengoko oko kungqinwa luphando oluninzi lobushushu nentuthuzelo oluqhutywa kwihlabathi lonke kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo nakwimozulu. Amaqondo obushushu asezantsi athatyathwa njenge "ntofontofo" xa ukwenziwa kwesikhumba kukwinqanaba eliphakathi kwaye akufuneki kusetyenziswe ukujuluka kwento okanye ukubhuqa. Eliqondo lobushushu lentuthuzelo alixhomekeki kuphela kubushushu obufika, kodwa nakwizinxibo, imisebenzi yomzimba, umoya, umswakama, imitha kunye nemeko yokusebenza komzimba. Ubushushu bokuthuthuzela umntu ohleli phantsi, obenxibe kancinci "Uzinzo oluzinzileyo-Izifundo malunga nentuthuzelo kunye nexabiso lezempilo lezindlu ezingenahambi", ziqinile.
Izakhiwo ezonga umbane zinenzuzo ecacileyo: intuthuzelo ephezulu, ubume bendalo kunye nendawo entle yokuphila inokufezekiswa ngokusetyenziswa okuncinci kwamandla. Ababhali bolu phando: "Ngokufakelwa kobushushu okungagungqiyo ilahleko incitshiswa kakhulu kangangokuba nobuncinci kakhulu ubushushu obaneleyo ukugcina ubushushu begumbi. Imfuno yokufudumeza yendlu yokungena ngenxa yoko iphantsi ngento eyi-10 kunobungakanani besitokhwe sokwakha. Kwindlu engena nje, amaqondo obushushu aphezulu angaphakathi ebusika abangela ukuba kubekho ubushushu, obonwa buhle kakhulu. Eli nqanaba liphezulu lentuthuzelo lifezekiswa kuphela ngeeradiyektha phantsi kwefestile, ukufudumeza udonga okanye ukufudumeza okuphantsi kwezindlu ezingakhiwanga kumgangatho wamandla wendlu ehamba nje. "
Umoya ombi ongaphakathi ukwenza ugule
Oku kuyasebenza komoya wegumbi: kukwanefuthe elinamandla kwimpilo-ntle yabantu. Ngokupheka okanye ngokucoca sinefuthe kumgangatho womoya nangezixhobo zokwakha, iteknoloji okanye amalaphu. Ukusuka kwisifundo "Uzinzo oluqinisekileyo - Izifundo malunga nentuthuzelo kunye nexabiso lezempilo lezindlu": "Oko kubizwa ngomoya ombi akubangelwa kukuswela ioksijini, kodwa ngokuyintloko kukuxinzezeleka kwe CO2. Uninzi lwabasebenzisi abaninzi lubona ukuba umgangatho wangaphakathi wangaphakathi ulungile ukuba uxinzelelo lwe-CO2 alugqithi kwi-1000 ppm ("Inombolo yePettenkofer"). Umoya ongaphandle une-CO2 yokuxinzezeleka kwe300 ppm (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-400 ppm kumaziko esixeko, abahleli bamazwi). Abantu bayawukhupha umoya nge CO2 yokuqalwa kwe-approx .. I-40.000 ppm (4 Volm). Ngaphandle kokutshintshiselana nomoya wangaphandle, ingqungquthela ye-CO2 kumagumbi abahlali inyuka ngokukhawuleza. Ukunyuka kwexinzelelo lwe-CO2 akunabungozi ngqo empilweni. Nangona kunjalo, ukusuka kugxininiso oluthile, unokufumana ukuphazamiseka njengokudinwa, ubunzima bokugxila, ukuziva ungathandeki kunye nentloko, kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle. "I-synopsis yezifundo kwiziphumo zempilo ze-carbon dioxide ibonisa ukuba ukwehla kwamanqanaba e-CO2 kunciphisa ukubizwa kweempawu ezinxulumene nokugula-komzimba (umzekelo: ukucaphukisa ukomisa ulusu lwangaphakathi, ukudinwa, intloko ebuhlungu)."
Umoya opholileyo ekhaya uyanceda
Ukusuka ekuphepheni umoya rhoqo, okusemgangathweni ophezulu, kunye nokufakwa umoya komoya kwindawo yokuhlala ikakhulu kuyanceda.Ngokuhamba kwenkqubo yokungena komoya, umoya omtsha obandayo uyangena kwaye ucocwe. Kwigumbi lokushisa lobushushu kunye nakwiyunithi yokuphuma komoya, kufudumeza umoya omtsha. Umoya uhamba ngenkqubo yombhobho kumagumbi okuhlala nasegumbini lokulala kwaye udlula ngezitepsi kunye nepaseji ekhitshini, kwigumbi lokuhlambela nakwindlu yangasese. Apho, umoya osetyenzisiweyo ukhutshwa ngenkqubo yombhobho kwaye ukhokelwe kwindawo yomoya. Ubushushu butshintshelwa kwi-exchanger yobushushu ukuya kumboneleli womoya, umoya ophume kunye nomoya uvulelwe umoya ovulekileyo. Ewe kunjalo, ngaphandle kokungena komoya kwindawo yokuhlala, kunokwenzeka ukuba kufakwe umoya ngaphakathi kwisakhiwo kunye neefestile ezinokuvulwa. "Ngaphandle kwenkqubo yokungena komoya, iifestile ziya kudinga ukuvulwa ubuncinci qho kwiiyure ezimbini ukunciphisa umyinge we-CO2 ukuya kumanqanaba angaphantsi komda wokucoceka (i-1.500 ppm), isenzo esingenakwenzeka ekusebenzeni, ngakumbi ebusuku," utsho. , Ukongeza, ukungena kweefestile ebusika kuqinisekisa ukunyuka kwamandla kunye nokulahleka kobushushu, uyilo kunye nokungcoliswa kwengxolo.
Ungcoliseko olusezantsi
Isifundo "IVentilation 3.0: Impilo yeNdawo kunye noMgangatho woMoya oLwenziwe kutsha, iiNdawo eziSebenza ngokufanelekileyo zeNdawo yokuhlala" liZiko lase-Austrian elenzelela iBhayoloji kunye ne-Ekoloji yoLwakhiwo IBO lizibekele usukelo lokuphembelela umgangatho womoya ongaphakathi kwimpilo ntle kunye nokwoneliseka kokuhlala kwabahlali beendawo zokuhlala ezizodwa kunye neentsapho ezahlukeneyo ( Amakhaya e-123 e-Austrian) anayo ngaphandle kwenkqubo yokuphuma umoya engeneyo. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, iindawo zokuhlala ziphononongelwe izinto ezinobungozi. Kwisifundo esikhoyo, idatha yaqokelelwa kwiinyanga ezintathu emva kokudluliselwa kwaye kunyaka omnye kamva.
Ukuqukumbela: "Iziphumo zoviwo langaphakathi lwangaphakathi, idatha kulwaneliseko lomsebenzisi kunye nempilo ngokunjalo kumgangatho womoya ocacileyo obonakalayo ukuba umxholo wezakhiwo ezineenkqubo zomoya wokungenisa umoya unezibonelelo ezicacileyo ngaphezulu komqondo" oqhelekileyo "wendlu yamandla aphantsi enefestile evaliweyo. Ukusetyenziswa kwenkqubo yomoya yokungena komoya kwizakhiwo zokuhlala ngoko ke, ukuba ucwangciso, ulwakhiwo, ukugunyazisa kunye nokugcina imeko yangoku yobugcisa, kuyacetyiswa ngokubanzi. "
Ngokukodwa, oko kunconyelwa kukudibanisa igumbi lomoya ucoceko malunga neendlela ezikumgangatho ophezulu wokungenisa umoya ngamandla aphezulu. Kwaye, ngokutsho kophando malunga nokucalucalulwa: "Iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokujonga" iinkqubo zomoya zokunyanzela "ezinjengobumba, ukwanda kokuvela kwezikhalazo zempilo okanye ukwandiswa kokubhalwa akuzange kuqinisekiswe kwisifundo esikhoyo. Kwelinye icala, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kukho isidingo esichanekileyo sokwenza isenzo ngokubhekisele kumoya ophantsi womswakama kwizakhiwo ezineenkqubo zomoya zokungena ngaphakathi. Izisombululo zobugcisa ziyafumaneka kwiingcamango zomoya wokungena komoya ophezulu. "
Indawo yokungena kwegumbi: Ikhethe lijongiwe
Kwaye isifundo siqhubeka sithi: "Ngokubanzi, ukujongwa kongcoliseko oluphantsi kakhulu ngaphakathi kwangaphakathi endlini kufunyenwe kokubini nangomhla wokulandela izinto kwizinto ezineenkqubo zokungenisa umoya egumbini. [] Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwenkqubo yomoya yokungena komoya kumndilili kufezekisa ngcono umoya wegumbi ngokubhekisele kwiindawo zomoya ezichaphazelekayo kwezempilo, kodwa ukusasazeka kwexabiso liphezulu kuzo zombini ezi ntlobo zindlu. "
yoxinaniso ekungcoliseni
Ngokweenkcukacha, ukubonakaliswa kwemixube eyahlukeneyo yeVolatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) kunye nokunye ukungcola kuphandwe kuthelekiswa neefestile eziqhelekileyo zomoya. Iziphumo zohlolisiso zabonisa ukuba uhlobo lomoya wokungenisa umoya (kunye nenkqubo yomoya yokungena umoya) inefuthe elibonakalayo kugcino lwe-VOC kumoya wegumbi kunye nokuba kwiiprojekthi ezinendawo ekhethekileyo yokungena kweefestile kubuye kwenzeka ngazo zombini ezi ntsuku zovavanyo. Impembelelo ebalulekileyo yabonwa ngokubhekisele ekugxininisweni kwe-formaldehyde, ikharbon diokside, i-radon kunye ne-mold spores. Uhlobo lokungena ngaphakathi kwendlu ngenxa yothuli lwe mite allergener alunampembelelo.
Isakhiwo esitsha: umthwalo omkhulu
"Ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo zokulinganisa ukungcoliseka komoya ongaphakathi, kungathiwa, ngakumbi ekuqaleni kokusetyenziswa kwezi ntlobo zimbini zezinto, kwiimeko ezininzi ukukhutshwa kweVOC kwezinto zokwakha kunye nezinto zangaphakathi kwenzeke ngendlela enyukayo, imeko leyo engacocekanga. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukusebenza kwenkqubo yomoya wokungenisa umoya akonelanga njengeyona ndlela yokunciphisa ukubonakaliswa. Amaxabiso e-VOC ayesemgangathweni omkhulu (nakwizinto ezineenkqubo zomoya zokungenisa umoya) ngaphezulu kweziphumo zezinto eziqinisekisiweyo ezisemgangathweni ezakhiwe kusetyenziswa ulawulo lweekhemikhali. Izizathu zoko zikwicala elinye lokusetyenziswa kwezinyibilikisi kwiikhemikhali zokwakha nakwimpahla yangaphakathi kunye okwesibini umthamo womoya ophantsi ungena kumagumbi. Ugxininiso ngakumbi ke kufuneka lubekwe ekunciphiseni izinto ezikhutshwayo ngokukhetha ukungaphumi kwezinto ezingasetyenziswayo, izixhobo zokuvavanya ezingcolisa ukungcoliseka kwezinto kunye nezinto zokwakha. "
Ubushushu begumbi kunye noyilo
Ngokubhekisele kwimozulu yangaphakathi, ubushushu begumbi kunye nokuhamba komoya kwathathelwa ingqalelo njengokuthandeka ngakumbi ngabahlali bezindlu ezineesistim zomoya zokungenisa umoya kunokuba abahlali bezinto ezinomoya okhethekileyo wokungena komoya. Ke ngoko, uluvo ngokubhekisele kwinto ebizwa ngokuba "ziinkqubo zomoya ovaliweyo ezinyanzelekileyo" ukuba ubushushu begumbi lithathwe njengengathandekiyo ngakumbi kwaye uyilo luvele alunakugcinwa.
Allergy & neentsholongwane
Uluvo lokuba iinkqubo zomoya ovuthuzayo "ziyaqhuma" akunakuqinisekiswa. Ngokwahlukileyo, kunokucingelwa ukuba iinkqubo zomoya zokungena umoya zisebenza njengendawo yokuntywila yendawo yokubumba, ngelixa iinkqubo zomoya zokungenisa umoya zinokulinciphisa kakhulu inani lama-allergener (spores, pollen, njl. Njl.) Kunye nezinto ezingena ngaphakathi.
ukufuma
Nangona kunjalo, uluvo luqinisekisiwe ukuba umoya kwiinkqubo zokungena komoya unokoma kakhulu, ngenxa yonyukezelo lomoya othunyelwe kuyo yonke le nkqubo, ethi ngeli xesha libandayo ikhokelele ekukhutshweni kwezinto zonke kwaye, ngenxa yoko, ngaphakathi endlini. Ukuba inani elilinganayo lomoya likhutshwe kwizinto ezifakelwe umoya ngokungafaniyo ngeefestile, kuya kubakho amanqanaba omswakama aphantsi ngokuthelekisa.
Isisombululo sobugcisa sokuphuculwa kwemeko (ukulawulwa kwemfuno kunye nokubuyiselwa komswakama) ziyaziwa kwaye sele zifakwe kwizityalo zanamhlanje.
Schimmel
Kuyinyani ukuba kuzo zonke izakhiwo ezisebenzayo, nokuba zifakwe i-insured okanye azifakiswanga, kufuneka ukuba umswakama ukhutshwe ngaphandle. Ukubola kukwenziwa nakwizakhiwo ezitsha, ezingakhange zomiswe ngokupheleleyo emva kokwenziwa, ngakumbi kwizakhiwo ezifuna ukulungiswa. Ukufakelwa kobushushu obuvela ngaphandle - ucwangciso lobungcali kunye nokuphunyezwa kwamanyathelo olwakhiwo anikezelweyo - kunciphisa ilahleko yobushushu ngaphandle komelele kakhulu, oko ke kukonyusa amaqondo obushushu eendonga zangaphakathi. Oku kunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wokukhula kokubumba.
Isifundo: "Zombini eziphakamileyo kakhulu kwaye eziphantsi kakhulu amaxabiso omswakama kufuneka zithintelwe. Uphononongo lubonise ukuba amanqanaba asezantsi angaphantsi kwe-30 ipesenti yokunyibilikisa okufunyenwe phantse kumakhaya aneenkqubo zomoya zokungena, amanqanaba aphezulu ngaphezulu kweepesenti ze-55 phantse ngokukodwa kwizinto ezinefestile yokungena komoya. Kungoko kucingelwa ukuba ukuthintela okufanelekileyo koyilo kunokwenzeka ngenkqubo yokuphehla umoya ngaphakathi. "
I-1-intuthuzelo ye-thermal
Amaqondo obushushu asezantsi athatyathwa njenge "ntofontofo" xa ukwenziwa kwesikhumba kukwinqanaba eliphakathi kwaye akufuneki kusetyenziswe ukujuluka kwento okanye ukubhuqa. Iqondo lokushisa lentuthuzelo kwabo bahleliyo, abantu abambathisa ngokulula umoya oshushu kunye nokuswakama okuthe chu kwe-50 ipesenti malunga ne-25-26 degrees Celsius.
I-2 - umgangatho wangaphakathi ngaphakathi
Oko kubizwa ngokuba ngumoya ombi akubangelwa kukungabikho kweoksijini, kodwa ngokuyintloko kuxinzelelo lwe CO2. Uninzi lwabasebenzisi abaninzi lubona ukuba umgangatho wangaphakathi wangaphakathi ulungile ukuba uxinzelelo lwe-CO2 alugqithi kwi-1000 ppm ("Inombolo yePettenkofer"). Umoya ongaphandle une-CO2 yokuxinzezeleka kwe300 ppm (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-400 ppm kumaziko esixeko).
I-3 -Ingcoliseko - i-VOC
Ngaphezulu kwayo yonke into, ii-VOCs, i-compact ezinobungakanani bemvelo, zithwalisa impilo indawo yokuhlala. Izinto ezininzi zokwakha ziqukethe ezi VOC kwaye zibakhuphele ngaphakathi kwigumbi lomoya. Ukukhupha kuphezulu, ngakumbi kwimeko yolwakhiwo olutsha okanye ukulungiswa kwakhona, kodwa iyancipha ngokuhamba kwexesha. Izifundo zibonise ukuba inkqubo yokulawula umoya engena moya, umzekelo, inika isiqabu kwaye iqinisekise ukuba sempilweni ngaphakathi.
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