Amandla ahlaziyekayo: apho atyhalela phambili

Masijongane nayo: Intando yama-Austrian - i-79 yepesenti ifuna inguqu ekhawulezayo yamandla (i-GFK, i-2014 )- ayonelanga, into ethathayo zizigqibo zezopolitiko. Into yokuba isabelo samandla avuselelekayo kwiriphabliki yeAlpine ngoku iipesenti ze-32, kuba uJohannes Wahlmüller wombutho wezendalo i-Global 2000 ikakhulu zizizathu ezilandelayo: "Inkuthazo entsha yafika e-Austria ngomthetho omtsha wokutshintsha kombane kwi-2012 kwaye ngoku aqhubeka nokunyuka kwamaxabiso amandla e-fossil. Okwangoku, i-Austria ichitha - ngonyaka - i-12,8 yeebhiliyoni ze-euro kumazwe angaphandle kwi-oyile, amalahle kunye nerhasi. Yimali eninzi ehambahamba phesheya kwaye ayihlali isebenza eOstriya. "Ngaphandle kokhuselo lwendalo, kukho nemeko engxamisekileyo yezoqoqosho yokulahla ipetroli.

Umxube wamandla e-Austria

Kwintlangano ye-umbrella Renewable Energy Austria, injongo icacile, utshilo uJurrien Westerhof: "Sifuna ipesenti ye-100 ipesenti, amandla acocekileyo. Akukho mntu uthandabuzayo ukuba oku kunokwenzeka - ngamahlathi, imilambo kunye nelanga kukho amandla aneleyo aluhlaza - ukuba kwangaxeshanye silawula ukunciphisa inkunkuma yamandla kwizithuthi kunye nakwizakhiwo ezingafakwanga kakuhle. Iindleko zamandla ahlaziyekileyo zehle kakhulu kule minyaka idlulileyo. Ubushushu obuhlaziyayo buya kukhuphisana kakhulu, kwaye umbane ohlaziyiweyo unokugcina isantya kunye nentengiso - ukuba loo ntengiso ibilungile.

Amaxabiso kunye neendleko ezifihliweyo

Kodwa yintoni enciphisa uhambo oluya kwikamva lamandla e-Austria? "Ukuba amaxabiso amandla efosili awela kwakhona - njengoko kunjalo namhlanje - kukho ukunqongophala kwezikhuthazo zokutshintshela kumandla ahlaziyekayo okanye ukusebenzisa amandla ngokuthe chatha. Umcimbi ophambili kukuba iindleko ezifihliweyo ze-CO2 azinaxabiso. Ngotshintsho lwerhafu yentlalo-ntle ebeka uxinzelelo olungaphezulu kumafutha eefosil nehlisa ezinye iirhafu ukuba zibuyisele, urhulumente angayitshintsha loo nto. Indawo yokuqala enokuthi ibe kukupheliswa kwemvume yerhafu yokuphehla amandla ombane e-Austria, utshilo u-Wahlmüller weGlobal 2000. U-Westerhof naye uyibona ngale ndlela: "Ingxaki kukuba amalungelo engcoliseko ye-CO2 kwizityalo ezisebenza ngamalahle ziphantse zasimahla, kwaye izikhululo zamandla zenyukliya zibhatala imali encinci kakhulu xa kuthathwa umngcipheko nokulahla inkunkuma. Oku kubanika ithuba lokukhuphisana kwimarike. Ukuba bekungenjalo, umbane ococekileyo ubunokuthi ubekhona ngelo xesha ubukhulu becala. "

Ukusetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo kwekhaya kwamandla ahlaziyekayo

Ukuxhomekeka okuphezulu kokungeniswa

Amandla awalingani namandla, kubonakala ngathi. Inyani, nangona kunjalo, ukuba ukhuseleko olubanzi lweYurophu kufuneka luqinisekiswe. Ngaphandle kweNorway (-470,2 ipesenti), onke amazwe e-EU axhomekeke kwipesenti ebalulekileyo yokuthengiswa kwemveliso elizweni ukufezekisa iimfuno zabo zamandla. Ukuxhomekeka kumandla kubalwa njengokungeniswa komnatha owahlulelwe sisamba sokusetyenziswa kwamandla kwekhaya kuquka nokugcinwa. E-Austria, i-ofisi yeenkcukacha-manani ye-European Union Eustat ibonisa ipesenti 2013 yonyaka we-62,3.
Ngenxa yezizathu zopolitiko, ke, kufuneka utyalomali lwenziwe kwimveliso yamandla aseYurophu. Nangona kunjalo, imijikelezo enempembelelo kwi-EU ibonakala ibona amandla amakhulu okutsho, amandla enyukliya. "E-Yurophu, amalahle, igesi kunye nezityalo zamandla enyukliya anikwa inkxaso-mali izihlandlo ezibini ukuya kwezithathu, njengoko onke amandla enziweyo ngokuhlangeneyo ekusasazeni, kwaye iindleko zempilo kunye nokusingqongileyo azikhathalelwa. E-United Kingdom, iKhomishini yaseYurophu isandula ukuhambisa amandla enyukliya kwisikhululo samandla senyukliya saseHinkley Point C. Ukusasazwa ngaphezulu kweminyaka eyi-35, ngaphezulu kwe-170 yeebhiliyoni ze-euro ziya kusasazwa kwinkxaso mali, "utshilo uStefan Moidl, weqela elinomdla IG Windkraft.

Kodwa nase-Austria, izinto azihambi kakuhle, ukholelwa ukuba uBernhard Stürmer ovela kwi-ARGE Kompost & Biogas: “Qho ngonyaka, uMnu noNksk Austrian bachitha ngaphezulu kweerandi ezilishumi elinambini zeerandi kuthengiso lwamandla. Umthamo wenkxaso yombane ovela kwi-biogas ujikeleze izigidi ezingama-50- ukusuka nase-Austria. Owona mqobo mikhulu kulwandiso lwezixhobo ezihlaziyiweyo kukungazi. Iifossil zamandla zikwakhuthazwa e-Austria. Kodwa ayikho kuyo nayiphi na ibhilikhwe kwaye ayixoxwa esidlangalaleni. "Malunga nama - 70 ezigidi zekhefu ezikhutshiweyo zokuvelisa amandla amalahle, zingakhiwa izityalo ezingama-50 zebiogas."

I-Fossil lobbing

Kodwa ngaphandle kwe-fossil Fuels ayikenzeki (okwangoku) kunokwenzeka. Imeko apho mhlawumbi ikolishi elomeleleyo lezemali lihlala likhomba-kuye kwi-oli yokugqibela. "Yonke indawo izama ukunciphisa isantya seenguqu zamandla, ukuthetha kakubi nokuthintela utshintsho olwakhiweni ukuze kuveliswe amalahle amdaka kunye namandla enyukliya kangangexesha elide. Iinkampani ezinkulu zamandla, ebezijongela phantsi amathuba emakethi zamandla ahlaziyekayo, ziye zatyala kakhulu kumaphulo we-PR okonakalisa umfanekiso wokhuphiswano olungafunekiyo. Ngaphezulu kwayo yonke loo mpikiswano malunga "neendleko eziphezulu zamandla ahlaziyekayo", ezilawula ukubikwa kweendaba, ziziphumo zolu phulo. Imihla ngemihla iyabhengezwa ukufakwa kwee-hitha zeoyile. Kodwa amanye amashishini, anje ngeshishini lamaphepha, ebelikade lingunobumba kwimithi ekumgangatho ophantsi, bayadinisa ngaphandle kukhuphiswano olungafunekiyo lokusebenzisa amandla, utshilo uChristian Rakos, weProPellets, ekwabona ukungalingani okuphambili kubudlelwane boluntu kunye nokunyaniseka.

Into ekwabeka ingxaki kubaxhasi ababonelela ngombane, njengoko uWilfried-Johann Klauss weAAE Naturstrom eqinisekisa: "Njengangaphambili, kukho ukuthandabuza okukhulu ukutshintsha e-Austria. Oku kuyayanyaniswa nento yokuba imakethi yombane ye-eco-isebenza kakhulu kumashishini Ke, abathengi bahlala bethatha isigqibo sokuhlala nomboneleli wephondo ukuze bangabeki mngcipheko. Kubuhlungu, kuba ababoneleli abathembekileyo njengathi banobunzima. "

Ukusetyenziswa kokuqonda

Nangona kunjalo, kukwakho ukungabi nangqondo malunga nokusetyenziswa kombane. Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwazi kwakhona kuthetha ukusebenzisa imithombo yamandla ngokufanelekileyo ngokuxhomekeke kwisicelo. I-Rakos evela ePropellets inika umzekelo: "Ukufudumeza ngombane yeyona ndlela ifanelekileyo yokubonelela ubushushu. Kungenxa yokuba ebusika, ukuveliswa kombane kulawulwa zizityalo zenyukliya kunye namalahle. I-800 yezigidi zeetoni zamalahle zitshiswa nyaka ngamnye ukuvelisa umbane eYurophu, isixa esingenakulinganiswa. Isitishi samandla esisebenza ngamalahle siguqula malunga ne-2,5 yeeyure ze-kilowatt-iiyure zamandla esekwe kumalahle ukuya kwi-kilowatt yeyure enye yamandla ombane. Ukusebenzisa la mandla ukufudumeza kuthetha ukuba usebenzisa amandla amaninzi ngakumbi kunokudibanisa ngqo komthombo wamandla. Nangona iimpompo zokufudumeza zisebenza ngakumbi kuneenkqubo zokufudumeza ngokuthe ngqo, zivelisa umndilili weyure enye yombane ukwenza i-2,5 kilowatt iiyure zobushushu. Ekugqibeleni, nangona kunjalo, oku ayisebenzi ngakumbi kunokusetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo komthombo wamandla we-fossil ochaphazelekayo. Impompo zokufudumeza okwangoku ziyanyanzelwa ngumzi wamandla, kuba banethemba lemarike enkulu apha. Ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga ukhuselo lwemozulu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla ahlaziyekayo ngokuqinisekileyo kuyinkqubela phambili. "

Izibonelelo zoncedo

Intando yokutshintsha yinto eyimfuneko, ukumelana nohlelo olwenziweyo, kodwa olona tshintsho alunakuphunyezwa ukusuka kusuku olunye ukuya kolandelayo. "Ngelishwa, ukwandiswa kwamandla ahlaziyekayo akwanelanga ukufezekisa utshintsho lwamandla," uStefan Moidl ovela kwi-IG Windkraft ujongana nengxaki yeziseko ezikhoyo: "Imigca yombane kunye nentengiso yombane yenzelwe amaziko aphakathi kunye namashishini enyukliya. Zombini kufuneka zakhiwe ngokutsha ukuze zicoceke zombane. Kwimeko apho izinto ezinkulu zibhala iibhiliyoni zelahleko, ayisiyonto elula leyo. Le yindlela amandla ahlaziyekayo athetha kakubi ngayo. Isizathu siyacaca. Amalahle kunye nabavelisi bemithombo yamandla enyukliya bavelisa umbane ukuba uyafuneka na okanye hayi. Ezi zityalo zamandla azinakukhukuliseka ngokulula. Ke wonke umatshini wamalahle kunye nezityalo zamandla enyukliya ovelisa umbane ngowona mqobo ekuguqulweni kwamandla. Ngoba xa ilanga litshonile nomoya uvuthuza, asazi ukuba uhambe phi ngamalahle amaninzi kunye nenyukliya. Ayisiyongxaki kuphela kwaye inobungozi, sele inamagqabantshintshi ngamaxesha athile. "

UGudrun Stöger ovela e-Oekostrom AG naye uyangqina oku kunzima ukoyisa isithintelo: "Asinangxaki yokuba ezi ntlobo zamandla - i-revwables - azamkelwanga okanye zamkelwe, kodwa sisaxhomekeke kumafutha ezinto ezilahliweyo kwinkqubo ezikhoyo. Kungenxa yokuba umba wamandla ombane ngowomcimbi wolwakhiwo. Kwaye izakhiwo ezikhoyo azinakwakhiwa ngokutsha ngephanyazo- kuthatha iminyaka eliqela, ukuba akukabi ngamashumi eminyaka. Nangona kunjalo, ukuguqulwa kwenkqubo yamandla ekuvuseleleni ngokutsha kunokuba ngokukhawuleza e-Austria - apha, abo banembopheleleko kufuneka bathathe iJamani njengomzekelo. "
I-Nachsatz: Kodwa olu tshintsho luya kubakho kuphela ukuba ngaba sinqumle ukusetyenziswa kwethu kokugqibela ngunyaka we-2050 - kungekuphela kwindawo yombane, kodwa ngakumbi kutrafikhi kunye nokushushubeza kwendawo. Ngaphandle koko kusebenza kumandla avuselelekayo: "Isibhakabhaka kuphela ngumda."

Izimvo-Ubume bemeko kumthombo wamandla

"Ukwanda kwamandla ahlaziyekileyo kufumene isantya e-Austria kule minyaka idlulileyo. Unobangela ngumthetho weGreen Electricity Act, obonelele ngeemeko ezizinzileyo ukusukela nge2012, ukubonelela abatyali mali kukhuseleko abaludingayo. Ingakumbi kumandla omoya kunye namandla ombane we-photovoltaic enyuka kakhulu, kwaye ubushushu obuvela kwi-biomass evuselelekayo, iipellets kunye nelanga lijika libe yinto eqhubekayo ngenxa yokuba iindleko zokufudumeza ziphantsi. "
UJurrien Westerhof, Uhlaziyo oluhlaziyiweyo lweAustria

"Amandla ahlaziyekayo asele enze i-32,2 yepesenti yokusetyenziswa kwamandla e-Austria Sele iqalile ngokusondela uphawu lwe-EU ekujoliswe kuyo e-Austria ukunyusa inani layo kwiipesenti ze-34 ukuya kwi-2020. Inkuthazo entsha yeza e-Austria ngoMthetho oMtsha woLungiso loMbane oLuhlaza kwi-2012 kunye namaxabiso ahlala esonyuka kwamandla efosili. "
UJohannes Wahlmüller, Global 2000

"Nangona ishishini lethu losapho belikhona phantse iminyaka ye-130, yayikukukhululeka kwemakethi yombane ngonyaka we-2000 esakwazi ukuyenza kuyo yonke intengiso yase-Austrian. Kude kube lelo xesha, sasinqunyelwe malunga nokunikezelwa kwabathengi kwigridi yamandla amancinci e-Kötschach (Carinthia kwi-Gail Valley), apho sakwazi ukubonelela nge-650 pantographs. Ukusukela kweli nqanaba ukuya phambili, nangona kunjalo, sakwazi ukubonelela ngamandla ethu endalo kulo lonke elase-Austria, nto leyo ekhokelele kwinto yokuba sasihambisa ngokuchanekileyo. Abaqokeleli be25.000 kunye neAAE Naturstrom.
UWilfried-Johann Klauss, AAE Naturstrom

Biogas

"I-Biogas kuphela kwetekhnoloji enokuthi ivelise amandla kunye nesichumisi kwintsalela yokutya kunye nemveliso yokutya. Ukuphinda kusetyenziswe inkunkuma kunye nokusetyenziswa okumbini komhlaba wezolimo kungenza igalelo elibalulekileyo kuqoqosho lwendalo olujikelezileyo. Okwangoku, izityalo ze-biogas zase-Austrian zivelisa i-540 GWh yombane (malunga namakhaya e-150.000) kunye nokondla ubushushu be-300 GWh (iilitha ezi-30 ezigidi zeoyile yokufudumeza) kwiinethiwekhi zokufudumeza zasekhaya njl. Ukongeza, i-88 GWh biomethane iya kufakwa kwigridi yegesi yendalo. Okwangoku, okuninzi okunokwenzeka akusetyenziswanga. I-Biomethane isetyenziswa kakhulu njengamafutha. Ngelishwa, izithuthi zerhasi endleleni kunye nentando yokuhlawula ngaphezulu kwe-biomethane azikabikho. "
UBernhard Stürmer, ARGE Kompost kunye neBiogas Austria

Umthi kunye namalahle

"EAustria namhlanje siyakwazi ukugubungela phantse isinye kwisithathu semfuno yamandla ngamandla ahlaziyiweyo. Ukusetyenziswa kweenkuni njengomthombo wamandla, nokuba ngaba ziinkuni zomlilo, iitshipsi zokhuni okanye iipellets, zidlala indima enkulu apha nge-60 yepesenti yemithombo yamandla ahlaziyiweyo, ilandelwa yi-hydropower enesabelo sepesenti se-35. E-Europe, ngokunjalo, iinjongo ezijolise kwiKhomishini yaseYurophu zikhokelele kwinkqubo yokuhluma okukhulu ekusebenziseni amandla ahlaziyekayo. Impumelelo, nangona kunjalo, ijolise ikakhulu kukuphehla kombane ngamandla ahlaziyekayo. Ukuhambisa ubushushu, ubuncinci sisiqingatha sebango lamandla aseYurophu, iifosili zisasetyenziswa ngokukodwa. "
I-Christian Rakos, ii-ProPellets

photovoltaics

"Iifotovoltaics zaseOstriya ziye zafumana ukwanda ukusukela nge2008. Phantse unyaka nonyaka, inani lesithuba liphindwe kabini. Urekhodo lonyaka ibingexesha le-2013, nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuxhaswa ngemali kwezicelo zoncedo-mali. Kunyaka we-2015, silindele isiqa sokuqala se-gigawatt somthamo ofakiweyo. Inyathelo eligqibeleleyo kuphuhliso lwefotovoltaics e-Austria yayilukhetho olunzima lokuphumelela ekuxoleleni irhafu ngokuzisebenzisa ngokwakho kwiiyure ze-kilowatt ze-25.000 ngonyaka. I-Photovoltaics yehlile ngepesenti ye-80 ukusukela oko yaqala inkulungwane kwaye iya kufikelela kuthengiso olupheleleyo lokuzisebenzisa ngokwakho kombane okwenziwe ukuqala kweshumi leminyaka elizayo. "
UHans Kronberger, e-Photovoltaic Austria

amandla omoya

"Okwangoku, ngaphezulu kwe-1.000 turbines zomoya e-Austria zivelisa iziphumo ze-2.100 MW kwaye zivelisa umbane omninzi njengezigidi ze-1,3 zamakhaya zisebenzisa. KwiYurophu iphela, zonke iiturbines zomoya sele zinegalelo elingaphezulu kweepesenti ezilishumi ukugubungela ukusetyenziswa kombane, kwaye kwihlabathi liphela likwipesenti ezintlanu. Kwiminyaka yokugqibela ye-15, amandla omoya amaninzi aphuhlisiwe eYurophu kunezinye izityalo zamandla. Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla komoya ukuvelisa umbane kuye kwaba lelinye lamasebe abalulekileyo kwishishini lamandla. Oku ngokuqinisekileyo kukungonwabisi koqoqosho lwe-elektroniki lweklasi. Kudala kakhulu, uzibonakalisile iimpawu zamaxesha kwaye ngoku uhlala ezindala kunye nezityalo zamalahle amatsha kunye nerhasi ezingasasebenziyo. "
Stefan Moidl, IG Windkraft

Ukukhetha-Iingcebiso ezininzi

"Yintoni esinqandayo? Ndizakuqala ngaphi? Ukongeza ekucwangcisweni kwesithuba kunye nezothutho zabucala, into yokuba singenayo inkqubo yerhafu yendalo, ukuba amandla endawo yokwazisa ngaphakathi kwi-EU asemkhulu kakhulu, amaxabiso ezatifikethi ze-CO2 ahlala ephantsi kakhulu. Ukongeza, ukulebhelisha okuqhelekileyo kombane kusafumaneki kuyo yonke i-EU. Inkxaso-mali engonelanga kunye ne-cache engonelanga yokuvuselelwa ngokutsha okunje nge-PV kunye namandla omoya e-Austria okanye isibakala sokuba i-PV isavinjelwe kwizixeko zase-Austrian - amagama aphambili kwiintsapho zosapho-yenza konke. Ngelishwa, olu luhlu lusenokwandiswa ngokungenasiphelo.
UGudrun Stöger, Oekostrom AG

"Awona manyathelo abaluleke kakhulu ekuqhubeleni phambili kuphuhliso luya kuba ngamanyathelo engingqi okucutha uburhulumente kwimibumba yemanyano kunye nokunokwenzeka kokudala amaziko amaqela amaninzi. Ukufezekiswa kokusetyenziswa kwemali kwiGreen Electricity Act nako kubaluleke kakhulu. Umba ujolise kwinkxaso-mali yotyalo-mali nako kutyalo-mali ngaphezulu kwe-5 kWp. Umbutho weFederal Association Photovoltaic Austria ijonge ukwanda kwe8 yepesenti yesabelo sombane kwi-2020 e-Austria. Umceli mngeni omkhulu kukudibanisa ukuvelisa amandla kwe-PV neenkqubo ezifanelekileyo zokugcina. "
UHans Kronberger, e-Photovoltaic Austria

"Amandla ahlaziyekayo iOstriya ifuna ukuba urhulumente wase-Austrian Federal amkele ngokukhawuleza isicwangciso esitsha samandla - ngenjongo ephambili kukutshintsha ngokupheleleyo amandla ombane kwimithombo yamandla ahlaziyiweyo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-2050."
UJurrien Westerhof, Uhlaziyo oluhlaziyiweyo lweAustria

"Ixesha liphezulu lamanyathelo alandelayo wotshintsho lwamandla: amalahle kunye nezityalo zamandla zenyukliya aziphulukanga kwanto kwinkqubo yanamhlanje yokuvelisa amandla. Isicwangciso esidityanisiweyo sokuvala ezi zityalo zamandla sihamba kade. "
Stefan Moidl, IG Windkraft

Photo / Ividiyo: Shutterstock.