Ilungelo lezilwanyana

Ilungelo kwizilwanyana? Emva konyulo lukarhulumente e-Austria Lower, i-FPÖ esezantsi I-Austria ichaze imiba ephambili kwintlanganiso yayo yeklabhu: ukhuseleko, ezempilo, ntle yezilwanyana, Enye ye-ajenda ye-FPÖ Landrat Gottfried Waldhäusl ngoku kukuphila kwezilwanyana. Kwiintsuku ezimbini emva kokuba bebuyile, ibhunga likarhulumente lacela ukukhutshwa kumaphephandaba: "Isibetho se-otter kufuneka sibekhona ngokuzinzileyo". Umsitho wawusibhengezo sebhunga ledolophu councilVP u-Stephan Pernkopf, ngesigqibo sokuvumela "ukususwa" (okt ukubulawa) kwe-40 ikhusele i-Fischottern okwethutyana, ethi ngokubona oogxa bakhe be-FPÖ bangahambi ngokwaneleyo. Ukukhusela i-otter "luthando olungaqondakaliyo lwezilwanyana".

Embindini ka-Epreli u2018 wabonakala kuGottfried Waldhäusl kusuku lokuzingela lwesithili eZwettl. Umzingeli wombuso uJosef Pröll (owayesakuba ngumphathiswa we-ÖVP) kuthiwa wayethetha apho, "I-Wolf ayilahlekanga kwimo yenkcubeko e-Europe," uWaldhäusl wayefanele ukongeza athi: "Kutheni le nto intlalontle yezilwanyana kuphela ingcuka?".
Imizekelo emibini yokuqaqanjelwa kwento ebizwa ngokuba yimpilo yezilwanyana kwezopolitiko nakwezoluntu.

Ukungabikho kokusesikweni kwembali

Ngokungaqhelekanga, oku kubhekisa ikakhulu kwiikati kunye nezinja. Uhlala eyeka apho imalunga nemidla yoqoqosho, (ecingelwayo okanye yokwenyani) ukhuphiswano olusuka kwizilwanyana zasendle okanye ukonwabisa abazingeli nabalobi. Ukusuka kwiPythagoras ukuya kwelaseGalileo Galilei, uRené Descartes, uJean Jacques Rousseau, uEmanuel Kant kunye noArthur Schopenhauer, bahlala bebonakalisa kwimbali yoluntu ukuba izilwanyana azifanele ukuphathwa gadalala, ukuba abantu bayinxalenye yendalo kwaye kuphela ngolwimi nesizathu. ngokwahlukileyo kwizilwanyana.

Intlalontle yezilwanyana kuthetha ukwenza ukuba izilwanyana zikwazi ukuphila ubomi obufanelekileyo kuhlobo lwazo kwaye oko kungazibangeli ukubandezeleka, uloyiko olungafunekiyo okanye umonakalo osisigxina. Ngophuhliso lweshishini kunye nokusebenza kwezolimo kunye nemfuyo, ukuxhaphazwa kwezilwanyana kunyuke kakhulu. Sele ikwi-19. I-Tireschutzbewegungen ke yavela ngenkulungwane ye-19. I-1822 yayingumthetho wokuqala wokhuselo lwezilwanyana eNgilane.

Nangona kunjalo, ukusuka embindini we20. Kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini, izilwanyana zikhuliselwe amanqanaba aphezulu enyama, amasi kunye namaqanda, axinene kwindawo emxinwa, exhelwe kwimizi-mveliso yokuxhela, adutyulwa endaweni yendawo kwaye ahlukunyezwa kuvavanywa izimonyo kunye neekhemikhali, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha iimvavanyo ezingenamsebenzi.

Impumelelo ngabalweli bamalungelo ezilwanyana

Nangona kunjalo, kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje, kuye kwakho inkqubela phambili kwimpilo yezilwanyana: izazinzulu zokuziphatha ezifana noKonrad Lorenz nge-geese yakhe grey, UJane Goodall Nge chimpanzee zabo, umphandi wezinkukhu wase-Bhritane uChristine Nicol nabanye abaninzi basimangalisile ngobukrelekrele nokuziphatha kwezilwanyana kwaye sitshintshe isimo sethu sengqondo. Iziphumo zikaNicol kwiimfuno zeenkukhu kwiminyaka ye-1980, umzekelo, ziye zenza ukuba akukho semthethweni ukuba iibhetri ze-euthanasia zithintelwe e-EU ukusukela i2012, inezinto ezininzi kuphela "ezenzelwe ukuba zibekhona" ezivunyelweyo ezineendawo ezininzi. Ayikabi njalo kwiintlobo.

Kweminye imfuyo, bekukho ukuphuculwa kokugcina imigaqo okanye ukuthintela iintlungu kwi-EU nase-Austria. Umzekelo, ukusukela kwi-2012, iinkomo azisavunyelwa ukuba zifakwe isigxina, okanye iihagu zinokukrwitswa kuphela ngomsila we-2017 njengoko kufuneka kwaye ziphantsi konyango lwentlungu ukusukela ngo-Okthobha.
Ngomsebenzi wemibutho yentlalontle yezilwanyana kunye nabalwela amalungelo abantu, uluntu lwenziwe ukuba lwazi ngeemeko zokulima ngoboya, ngemihlaba yokuxhela, ukubulawa kwamantshontsho amantshontsho ekufakeni iifama zenkukhu, okanye ubugqwirha bokungxwelerha imfuyo. Ngokwenxalenye, bekukho ukuphuculwa okusemthethweni, ukutshintsha kokuzithandela (njengokukhula ngokudibeneyo kweenkukhu kunye namaqhuqhuva kwindawo yamaqanda eToni yamahhala) okanye ucalucalulo lwentlalo njengakuloo furs. Nangona kunjalo, imfuyo isahanjiswa kulo lonke elaseYurophu, igxekile umbutho ngokuchasene neefektri zezilwanyana, ezithe zilandela nje umzekelo wamathole amabini avela eVorarlberg.

I-Belgian-American amalungelo okulwa izilwanyana UHenry Spira iphumelele iminyaka ye-1970, ngokuzola okukhulu ukutsala umdla wokubandezeleka kwemivundla, ethi "Draize test"Izithako ezihlanganisiweyo zezinto zokuthambisa zaphoswa esweni. I-1980 ke ngoko yafika kuqhankqalazo oluninzi kwinkampani yezithambiso iRevlon. Ngaphantsi koxinzelelo, iinkqubo zophando zaye zagqitywa ngokuphuhliswa kweendlela zovavanyo lokucoca ngaphandle kwezilingo.

UHenry Spira waye wahlangana nemicimbi yamalungelo ezilwanyana ngokupapashwa ngabafundisi beYunivesithi yase-Oxford kunye nesithandi sobulumko sase-Australia uPeter Singer ("Inkululeko Yezilwanyana" 1975). Amalungelo okulwa nezilwanyana awayi kude ngokwaneleyo. Asifanele sigcine izilwanyana ngokubandezeleka ngokungeyomfuneko kwaye sizigcine ngokobuntu, kodwa sizinike amalungelo abantu asisiseko, kanye njengokuba abantu benazo.

Ukusuka entweni uye kwisilwanyana ekunene

Kwimithetho yaseRoma, izilwanyana zijongwa njengezinto - ngokwahlukileyo emntwini ongumntu. ISwitzerland kuphela kwelizwe kwihlabathi elamkela isidima kumgaqo-siseko wayo. Ukusukela ukulungiswa kweKhowudi ye-Okthobha ye-Okthobha ye-2002, izilwanyana azisengazinto. Ukusuka kwi-2007 ukuya kwi-2010, i-canton yase-Zurich yaze yafumana i-ofisi yehlabathi jikelele yegqwetha lezomthetho enkundleni eliqhutywa ligqwetha u-Antoine Goetschel. Ngenxa yevoti eSwitzerland ebanzi le ofisi yachithwa kwakhona.

ENetherlands, i2006 yazisa "iPati yeZilwanyana" entsha (Partij voor de Dieren) ePalamente okokuqala, kwaye ngoku kukho amaqela anje kwamanye amazwe. E-US, igqwetha uSteven Wise wePhulo lamaLungelo oLuntu asebenza ukuqinisekisa ukuba iitshimpanzi zamkelwa njengabantu kwaye bafumana ilungelo "habeas Corpus". E-Buenos Aires, i-2014 sele iphumelele intokazi ye-orangutan.

Kodwa siwufumana phi umgca? Ngaba i-chimpanzee inamalungelo amaninzi kunenkukhu kwaye inamalungelo amaninzi kunesikhonyane somhlaba? Kwaye kutheni siyithethelela loo nto? Izithandi-zobulumko ezininzi ziba nexhala malunga nale mibuzo. "Abolitionists" njengoprofesa wezomthetho wase-US kunye nombhali uGary Francione bayala "impilo yezilwanyana". Ujonga ukusetyenziswa kwezilwanyana ezingengobantu njengengxaki. Kumalungelo ezilwanyana, kuphela umbandela wokuqonda ofanelekile ofanelekileyo, othi ukuzithemba kunye nomdla kubomi bakhe buhambisane.
Umdla ebomini bakho unokuthathwa zizityalo. Yiyo loo nto kungamangalisi ukuba kukho iingxoxo ezizodwa malunga namalungelo ezityalo.

Photo / Ividiyo: Shutterstock.