Elizabeth Oberzaucher
"Utopias kunye neenjongo zilungele ukusikhuthaza."
Ngaphandle kwayo yonke imizamo, iinjongo zihlala zihlala zingalingani. Le mpahla ibenza ukuba babe zii-utopias, njengoko sele kubonisiwe kwigama ngokwalo: eli gama livela kwisiGrike sakudala kwaye lithetha "indawo engeyiyo". Ke ngoko, xa i-utopia iphunyeziwe, ubukho bayo buyaphela njenge-utopia, kuba yaba yinyani, oko kukuthi, yaziswa kwindawo engeyiyo indawo emhlabeni. Nangona kunjalo, olu tshintsho alusosisiqhelo, kodwa luhlala lukhona. Intlungu yokunqongophala kokufezekiswa kwemeko enokubakho ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo: ukungabikho kokuzimisela kwamaqela abandakanyekayo ukuncama iimfuno zabo zobuqu, amathuba anqabileyo obugcisa, njl.
Ngelixa ukungafezekisi iinjongo zethu kubandakanya ithuba elikhulu lokudakumba, ubuntu abukhange bubonakale ngathi buphazamisekile kule meko. Ukubekwa kweenjongo ezingekho ngqiqweni kunye nokwakha izinto ezingafikelelekiyo kubonakala kuyinto enzulu yomntu.
Inkuthazo yophuhliso
I-Utopias kunye neenjongo zilulungelelaniso olufanelekileyo lwesidingo sokuvela, hhayi umxholo kunye ne-quo yenqanaba, kodwa ukusebenza ukuphucula. ZIIMOTI zokuqhuba zokutshintsha. Utshintsho olungabalulekanga kwaphela ekusindisweni kwinqanaba lebhayoloji, kodwa kuthintela nokuhla kwenkcubeko kunye nentlalo.
Kodwa ngaba kunyanzelekile ngokwenene ukuba iinjongo zingalingani? Ngaba ngekhe sikhonzwe ngcono ukuba besinokwakha iinjongo ezifanelekileyo endaweni ye-utopias? Ngaba ayikungcungcuthekiswa kukwehla ukwahlulahlula? Utopias ubonakala ngathi wahlukile njengabashukumisayo.
Iinjongo: Ukuzama okungapheliyo
Ukuma kukuphinda ubekhona. Zombini kwinqanaba lebhayoloji, lentlalontle, ezoqoqosho, ezopolitiko kunye nezobuchwephesha, kufuneka siqhubeke nokuhamba ukuze iinkqubo zisebenze. Xa kuthelekiswa nebhayoloji, sinethuba elikhulu kwindlela esizenzayo ngayo izigqibo: ngelixa kwindaleko, utshintsho alunangqinwa kuphela kukutshintsha, kwaye ezi zinto zintsha kufuneka zibonakalise ngokwenkqubo yokhetho, sinokuthi ngokweenjongo sijonge kutshintsho lungcono.
Inkuthazo yotshintsho ke ehlala ihleli ikukuphucula imeko. Apha, nangona kunjalo, iinjongo ezizezinye zinokungqubana nezo zabanye okanye zoluntu. Ingakumbi xa ujongene nezixhobo. Nangona abantu abaninzi bebona indlela yokuphila ezinzileyo ngakumbi kunqweneleka, bahlala besilela. Ukuhamba ngeenyawo kungaphezu kwamandla kunokuqhuba. Kungenxa yoko intando ihlala ikho, kodwa ke ukuphunyezwa kwayo akukho. Eli licala elimnyama le-utopia: Kuba indlela yokuphila egcinekileyo ayisebenzi kubantu abaninzi, uninzi luphuhlisa "sele inemvakalelo yokuba mdaka". Okokugqibela, ukuze kupheliswe ukudandatheka okungapheliyo, injongo iyalahlwa ngokupheleleyo. Isisombululo silele ekuqondeni amanyathelo amaninzi amancinci: isigqibo ngasinye sibala kwaye negalelo kwindlela eya - okanye kumgama ukusuka-kwinjongo.
Ukulibaziseka okungapheliyo
Kulula ukwenza iimfuno, kodwa sihlala sisilela ukuzisebenzisa. Ngokukodwa xa kufikwa kwizinto esingathandabuziyo ukuzenza, sihle kakhulu ekufumaneni izizathu zokuba singakwazi ukuzenza.
Ukubeka emva izinto ongazithandi kubizwa ngokuba kukuhlehlisa. Oku kukhokelela ekusebenzeni okulawulwa ngumhla obekiweyo, ohamba kunye noxinzelelo olwandayo loxinzelelo, kuba ukusebenza ngomzuzu wokugqibela kuzisa ukungaqiniseki nokuba umhla wokugqibela ungafezekiswa na. Ngaphandle kolwazi lokuba akukho mgangatho womsebenzi okanye ulwaneliseko lobomi oluxhamlayo ngokuqhubela phambili izinto, ukubambezeleka kuxhaphake kakhulu. Ngaba singaphazamisi ongenakunyanzelwa, kwaye singaphula le patheni ngokusebenzisa uqeqesho olunzima lwentsimbi? Okanye ngaba sinokuthi sijike isimo sokuziphatha sibe yinto esebenza kakuhle?
Isithandi-sobulumko uJohn Perry uchaze indlela yokusebenzisa utyekelo lokuhlehlisa izinto ezingathandekiyo ukuze usebenze ngezinto ngendlela eyakhayo. Uyibiza ngokuba kukuhlengahlengiswa okucwangcisiweyo: asenzi izinto kuba zinomdla ophambili - ngomba wokubaluleka okanye ongxamisekileyo- kodwa ngenxa yokuba zisinika isizathu sokungazenzi ezinye izinto esingaziva sithanda ukuzenza.
Beka izinto eziza kuqala
Ukuphumeza intsingiselo efanelekileyo yokuhlengahlengiswa, umntu uqala ngokwenza uludwe lwemisebenzi ngokungxamisekileyo. Emva koko usebenza zonke izinto ezingekho phezulu kuluhlu, kwaye uziva ngathi wenza into elungileyo kuba awuphantsi komyalelo wokulandelelana. Imisebenzi elungelelanisiweyo yenziwa ngokuthembekileyo kwaye kakuhle ngale ndlela. Ngexesha elifanayo, nangona kunjalo, izinto ezikudidi oluphezulu zityhalela phambili nangaphezulu. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuze usebenzise le ndlela ngendlela enenjongo kwaye inenzuzo, umntu ubeka imisebenzi kwindawo ephambili, eneneni engxamisekanga ukuyenza, okanye kwimfezeko ayinakuze yenziwe. Ngale ndlela, unokwenza ukuba wenze izinto ezininzi ngemveliso. Ukomelela kwale ndlela kulele kwinto yokuba endaweni ye-idleness imisebenzi enemveliso yenzeka. Le ndlela inefuthe elihle kwi-psyche yethu ukuba imvakalelo yokuzibandakanya kwinto ethile - ngokungathanga imisebenzi ebekwe phambili - ixhaswe ngomnye umbono: zonke izinto ezenziweyo kwimeko yokuhlehla kushiya imvakalelo ukwenza into. Kule nto ukucoceka okucocekileyo kwahlukile kwinto eyakhiweyo: lo gama eyangaphambili ikhuthaza kuphela isazela esibi, kuba oko kufanele ukwenziwa kushiywe ngasemva, ngokuqinisekileyo oku kubonwa njengomvuzo.
Amanqanaba ukuya kwinjongo
Utopias azalisekisa umsebenzi ofanayo njengomsebenzi wenqanaba eliphezulu. Zingasetyenziselwa ukusishukumisela ukuba sifezekise iinjongo ezilandelayo. Ngolo hlobo, ukusilela ukufikelela kwi-utopia, efanelekileyo, akusoloko kunekubi. I-Utopia isigcina sihamba, kwaye isisondeza kule njongo xa siqhubeka nokucwangciswa.
I-utopia isebenzisa indawo entle kuphela xa ingafakwanga. Ke kukwimo yabo ukuba njenge njongo enqwenelekayo ibe nefuthe kwizenzo zethu, kodwa imele eyona nto singayi kuze sifike kuyo. Ukungafezeki kunokuthoba idlala, ukuba kwilinge lokugqibelela, kuphela kufezekiswa kweenjongo kuthathwa njengempumelelo. Sisebenzisa i-utopias kunye neenjongo ngokweendlela zokuhlengahlengiswa kakuhle, zilungelelene ngokwaneleyo ukusikhuthaza ukuba sifikelele kwiinjongo eziphakathi. Ngolo hlobo, i-utopias kunye neenjongo zilungele ngokufanelekileyo ukusishukumisela. Ngokuhlala sihlala kwiindawo eziphambili zoluhlu lwezinto eziza kwenziwa njengezinto ezingafikelelekiyo, sinokuzinikela ngokupheleleyo ekuphumezeni iinjongo ezihlanganisiweyo. Ukujolisa phezulu kakhulu, enyanisweni, kuphezulu kakhulu ukuba sibona kuphela ukusebenza kwawo ukuba uzalisekisiwe. Kodwa ukuba siyayamkela into ukuba inomsebenzi oshukumisayo, injongo yokufuna amabhongo iphakame ngokwaneleyo.
Impumelelo kunye nokusilela
Indlela esikuchaza ngayo ukungaphumeleli kunye nempumelelo ihlala ibonakala ngaphandle komoya omdaka. Oku kubonakala ngakumbi kwimidlalo yezemidlalo efana neMidlalo yeOlimpiki yakutshanje. Indawo ezintathu zokuqala kuphela njengezimpumelelo, indawo yesine sele isilele. Kubathathi-nxaxheba ababodwa, nangona kunjalo, kunokuba yimpumelelo enkulu, ukubakhona kwimidlalo, okanye, ukuba iyathandwa, nokuba nendondo yesilivere inokuthathwa njengokusilela.
Ukugweba kwethu oko kuphumeleleyo akuxhomekekanga kwimigangatho yeenjongo, kodwa kulindelo lwethu. Olu vavanyo lusebenzayo lwempumelelo kunye nokusilela nako kumisela ukuba ngaba i-utopias iyasilunga kubukho bethu, okanye ngaba ukusilela kokufezekisa i-utopia kukhokelela ekukhathazekeni kangangokuba singasazami nokuzama.
Ubugcisa bokusebenzisa i-utopias ngokugqibeleleyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka yentshukumo ibonakala ngathi ayisebenzisi kuphela ukufezekisa iinjongo eziphakathi, kodwa nokubhiyozela le mpumelelo ngokunjalo. Ukuthandwa ngoku kwabasetyhini kubonise ukukhanya kunye namacala amnyama e-utopia: Ikhathalogu yezimfuno ibandakanya iinjongo zokuzikhethela ezizodwa, ekubhekiselwe kuzo njenge-utopian kwaye zibizwa ngabanye njengesizathu sokuba zingasayini. Nangona kunjalo, abaqalisi bathi esinye sezizathu zokuba iinjongo ziphezulu kangaka kukuba ingxoxo zenzeke.
Ukufikelela okukhanyiselwe i-utopias kukuzama ukusondela kubo. Ukugxothwa kuye njengokungenakufikeleleka kukhokelela kukungasebenzi kwaye ugwetyelwe ukusilela. Nangona inxaxheba ye-Olmpiad isenokungaphumeleli uloyiso, ongathathi nxaxheba kwimidlalo sele elahlekile.
Photo / Ividiyo: Shutterstock.
