Jörg Hinners
Firipi ane makore 30 ane makore, mita imwe makumi masere nemakumi marefu, ipamu yemasuru chaiyo uye inodada nemuviri wake. Pamusoro pemitambo uye kwakakura kudzidziswa, nyama ine protein yakawanda yakabatsira kuita kuti Philipp asvike pakuonekwa mutambi wemuenzaniso. Pa kutanga kwaJanuary ipapo zvese zvakashandurwa. Kueche!
Kubva pazuva rimwe kusvika kune rimwe. Chii chakaitika? Semutori venhau, kunyanya papasi, mishumo kubva kumapurazi uye nhoroondo yekumashure nezvekurima chikamu chebhizinesi rake rezuva nezuva. Asi kwete zvese zvaanoona, anogona kuratidza vaterengi vake terevhizheni. Kuno kweropa, iyo mifananidzo inobva kudzimba dzekubaira, dzakawandawo, kuchema kwemhuka dzakaurayiwa, dzakoremerwa, hove dzinobva pasi peNorth neBaltic Sea. Asi iyo mifananidzo inoramba iri mumusoro. Zvisingafi. Chikonzero chakakwana kuve vegan?
Haufanire kuuraya
Murairo wechishanu unoshanda wakagutsikana, vegan vanoda mhuka kuzvinhu zvese zvipenyu, kwete kune vanhu chete. Kunyangwe zvigadzirwa izvo zvinoita sekunge hazvifanirwe kuurawa, senge mazai nemukaka, hazvicharatidzike pane yavo vegan menyu. Kunyatsoita pasina zvigadzirwa zvemhuka zvinoreva kushandisa chirevo ichi kune dzimwe nzvimbo senge zvipfeko uye zvekuzora. Bhutsu dzakagadzirwa nedehwe dzakashorwa, makushe anodzivirirwa uye zvipfeko zvakaedzwa pamhuka kana zvine zvigadzirwa zvemhuka zvakarohwa. Izvo chete ndezvechokwadi chaizvo vegan.
Pasina mubvunzo, kurarama vegan hakungobatsiri mhuka chete, asi pasi redu zvizere. Pwanya vanhu, kurega kushandisa mhuka, nyika yedu inogona kufema chaizvo. Zvakaoma kufungidzira 65 mabhiriyoni emombe anogadzirwa gore rega rega. Dzinotsenga uye dzinochera uye dzinogadzira matani ehemane, gasi rinoparadza greenhouse. Kutorwa pamwechete, izvi zvese zvinhu zvinoreva kuti mutoro uri paPasi mhepo yekudyara nyama uye hove yekushandiswa hove yakanyanya kukwirisa kupfuura iyo yepasirese yemigwagwa yepasi.
Ichokwadi kuti kuverenga kwakasiyana nechero huwandu hwakawanda wegreenhouse gesi unoburitsa nyika inogadzirwa nyama pakupedzisira inozadzisa. Kune vamwe iri 12,8, vamwe vanouya pa18 kana kunyanyisa kupfuura 40 muzana.
Kukura kuchiva kwenyama
Mapapu epasi, iyoAmazon, yaizowanawo mukana kana iyo yekujeka yemafuro ikamiswa. Asi mombe dzakawanda uye dzakawanda dzinoda yakawanda uye yakawanda nzvimbo. MuBrazil chete, huwandu hwemombe pakati pe1961 ne2011 hwakawedzera kanopfuura pamamirioni 200.
Sezvo hupfumi hunowedzera, chishuwo che nyama chiri kukura: 1990 yekudyiwa nyama yaive 150 mamatani, 2003 yatove 250 mamatani matani, uye 2050 anofungidzirwa mamirioni 450 matani, zvine njodzi kumugariro wezvekudya kwenyika. Nekuti 16 mabhiriyoni ehuku, 1,5 mabhiriyoni emombe uye imwe bhiriyoni imwe yenguruve, ivo vari mupasi redu kwenguva pfupi kuti vangodyiwa, vanoda chikafu, chikafu chakawanda. Pari zvino, chinopfuura chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chezviyo zvese zvepanyika chiri kudyiwa. Pamusoro pezvo, shanduko yemamiriro ekunze iri kukonzera kusanaya kumatunhu akakwirira ekubereka eU.S. Kana vanhu vese vakadya nyama yakawanda sesu maAustria nemaGerman kutenderera pasirese, isu taizongoda mapuraneti akati wandei kungopa chikafu nenzvimbo dzemafuro.
Vegan: Asina kuremerwa, zvakare ane hutano
Kurega kutengeserana kwezvipfuyo kurima kuchaderedza kubuda kwezvirwere zvekumusoro senge nguruve fever uye BSE (bovine spongiform encephalopathy kana madhiri emombe chirwere) uye kunogona kudzikamisa hutachiona hwehutachiona hwehutachiona. Zvakare, iyo inoparadza EHEC hutachiona (enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli, inokonzeresa chirwere cheropa (diarrheal chirwere) makore maviri apfuura kuGermany, iyo yakarasikirwa ne53 vanhu hupenyu hwavo, pakupedzisira inokonzerwa ne viehexkremente iyo yakauya sefetera kuminda. Mumatunhu mazhinji eGermany, kusvibiswa kwemvura yepasi ine nitrate yave kutotyisa. Asi iyo-yakadarika-kumera kweminda nemanyowa iri kuramba ichiwedzera.
Kuchengeta mhuka kunosanganisirwa nehurombo hukuru hwemakoriori, mapuroteni uye zvimwe zvinogadzirwa. Icho chikonzero ndechekuti mhuka dzinopisa akawanda ezvigadzirwa zvavo ivo pachavo. Iko kugadzirwa kwekoriori yemhuka parizvino inodhura kudarika matatu matatu emiriwo. Blatant ndiko kuparadzwa kwehupenyu hwemhuka kunyangwe vazhinji vasingafungidzire pakutanga kuona; semuenzaniso, mukugadzirwa kwezai. Chete vana vevakadzi vekuyamwisa huku vanogadzira mazai matsva, kwete hama. Ivo zvakare vane shoma shoma muswe kuti ive inonakidza mune zvekutengesa seye nyama inotengesa kune vanobereka. Saka ivo vanochinjiswa vari vapenyu, kana gassed. Pane hen yakaradzikwa inouya ichiri hama yakafa. Uye kuGermany chete kune 36 mamirioni emahiti ekuisa.
Ndudzi dziri mungozi hove
Kurarama kweVegan kunounza zvakawanda kuvagari vemvura zvakare: nyanza nemakungwa zvaigona kupora dai takatadza kubereka mhuka. 100 mamirioni ehove dzinotorwa kubva mugungwa gore rega rega, nenzira inobudirira uye nekushingaira, zvine mhedzisiro inouraya. Rondedzero yemhando dzakatyisidzirwa nderefu: Alaskan salmon, gungwa bhamu, halibut, lobster, cod, salmon, mackerel, redfish, sardine, plaice uye haddock, sole, buffalo, tuna, sea bass uye walleye. Uye ichi chingori chirevo kubva pane tsvuku runyorwa. Vanenge mhando dzese dzinogona kukura kaviri kana kana katatu zvakakura saizi dzavanogara pamahwendefa edu, asi ivo vanoburitswa kunze kwemvura nguva refu vasati vakura zvakakwana. Zvinoenderana nekwekuyerwa neiyo UN nharaunda chirongwa, 2050 ichave yekupedzisira kumisa izvi, nekuti ipapo hapana hove yekutengesa inozoitika. Game pamusoro, kunze kwekunge isu kuderedza yedu yekuda kudya, kana shandura kune vegan chikafu.
Zvirinani kuti EU yasarudza izvozvi kuti kubva gore rinouya zvichienda mberi, vabati vehove vangobvumidzwa "kubata" vashanu muzana yezvekwavo. Saka uyai nezvisikwa zvegungwa pane dhiziri, ivo havana kana kuda kuuraya. Iyo inogona ichiri kusvika kune 30 muzana. Sekureva kwehunyanzvi, dzinenge mhuka dzese dzaizopora mumakore mashoma kana dzichihaya hove. Flora nezvikara zviri mugungwa zvaizobatsirawo nekuti hapana pasi pehungwa dzakasimwa kuburikidza nemugungwa uye nekudaro zvichizorarama nehupenyu hwezvipukanana zvakawanda, izvo zviri mukushandurwa kwechekudya kwehove dzakawanda.
Mhedzisiro yekubuda pachena
Tinogona kutendeutsa uye kutendeuka sezvatinoda, maindasitiri ekuchengeta mhuka nekuredza zvinoparadza zvese zvedu zvehupenyu kana isu tikangoenderera mberi nekushanduka kwemakore apfuura 50. Asi kuchinja zvachose kune vegan kunoreva kupfupika. Nekudaro, kubuda pachena kubva kuhurongwa uhu kunozove nemhedzisiro yehupfumi yakakosha. Pamusoro pezvese, makambani ekurima zvipfuyo nehuku ari kutarisana nemugumo. Vatakuri vezvipfuyo, dzimba dzekuba dzaifanira kuvhara. MuGerman indasitiri yenyuchi yekudyara yega, zvichienderana nehuwandu kubva pagore 2011, anopfuura 80.000 mabasa ane gore rose anoburitsa 31,4 mabhiriyoni euros akaraswa.
Pane kudaro, indasitiri yemakemikari yaizowedzera. Munyika ye vegan - pasina kushandisa mhuka - chemistry ingangove yakakosha kudarika zvairi nhasi. Iko kusiri kweganda nemvere dzematehwe, kutevedzera ganda uye microfibers anoshandiswa, sezvo machira haisi chinhu chisingafungirwe. Icho chinhu chinomera kwazvo icho chiri kuwedzera kurimwa paine mvura yatove mashoma, senge muEjipitori.
Vatsoropodzi vegan vanopokana kuti chikafu chakasarudzika-chinodyiwa chinofanirwa kuchengetedza huwandu hwevanhu kubva kushomeka zviratidzo. Iko kune kutyisidzira kwekusimudzwa kweakakosha vhitamini B12. Sezvo vhitamini iyi inogona kuwanikwa chete mune zvigadzirwa zvemhuka, mhegi dzakasimba dzinofanirwa kuishandisa kuburikidza nezvikafu zvekuwedzera.
Kurt Schmidinger we Ramangwana Chikafu Austria yakaratidza muchidzidzo nzira kuti zvingave nyore sei kurongeka. Zvinotarisirwa izvi zvinogona kunge zviri nyika uye maindasitiri ari kuita. Zvakafanana nekuwedzerwa kwemunyu iodine, ipapo inogadzirwa mavhitaminzi nemaminerari anogona kuwedzerwa kune zvimwe zvekudya. Nekudaro, inofanirwa kutariswa kuti, semuenzaniso, kugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri kwevhitamini B12 kunoitika kunyanya nerubatsiro rwezvinhu zvipenyu zvakagadziriswa. Haasi munhu wese achagamuchira izvo.
Ukuwo, zvaizoburitswa kubva mukuwedzerwa kwemunhu kuti agare achitarisisa nezvekunwa kwakaringana kwevhithamini nemaminerari aya. Nekuda kweizvozvo, vanhu vazhinji vanogona kunge vachisiya zvigadzirwa zvemhuka uye vachichinjira kuchitoro chevhegan, icho chingakurudzira indasitiri yekudya kuti ipewo hwakawanda uwandu hwezvigadzirwa kuboka rakakura rechinangwa. Kuwedzera kudiwa uye nani vegan inopa inoderedza mitengo, iyo inosimudzira kudikanwa. Denderedzwa yekuzvisimbisa. Pane imwe nguva, dai isu tese taive vegan, zvipatara zvedu zvaigona kunge zvisine chinhu, nekuti chirwere chakadai sengemwoyo, chirwere cheshuga 2, mamwe marudzi ekenza, osteoporosis, multiple sclerosis uye gallstones zvaizonyanya kushomeka mukudya uku.
"Dai nzvimbo dzekuuraira dzaive nemadziro egirazi, munhu wese aisadya nyama."
Paul McCartney
Nyika nyowani yakanaka
Asi tinosvika sei ikoko? Kurambidzwa kwehurumende pakushandiswa kwezvigadzirwa zvemhuka hakubvunzwi. Yakakura kwazvo simba reindasitiri yezvikafu, yakanyanya kutya kupererwa nebasa. Uye zvakare, kurambidzwa kwaizokurumidza kugadzira musika mutema wehove, nyama, mazai uye chizi.
Kunonoka. Uye zvinotanga nevana. "Chikafu chine hutano" chinofanira kunge chichifanirwa kuita chinyorwa uye kuva nemhando imwe svomhu nesayenzi. Paul McCartney akagadzira mutsara wekuti, "Dai dzimba dzekuba dzaive nemadziro akagadzirwa negirazi, vese vaigona kunge vari vanhu vekudya." Vachitora izvi, vana vanofanirwa kutora nzendo dzechikoro kuenda kunobayira, hongu kungoperekedzwa nepfungwa. Nekuti chete kana vaziva kuti mhuka dzinourawa sei, vanogona kusarudza chaizvo kana vachinyatsoda kudya mhuka.
Zvirwere zvine chekuita nezvechikafu zvakazara kana chikamu zvine chekuita nezvikamu zviviri kubva muzvitatu zverufu rwese muWest. Chaizvoizvo, iyo Federal Ministry yehutano inofanirwa kutanga mushandirapamwe wakakura wekushambadzira vegan chikafu. Neiyi nzira, chikamu chikuru cheanopfuura mamirioni gumi nemana emamiriyoni emari muhutano hwehutano muAustria inogona kuchengetedzwa.
"Handifunge kuti ndizvo zvakanaka kutonga vanhu nezvavanodya." 52 muzana yevanhu muAustria vanoedza kudzora kunwa kwavo nyama. Ehe, izvo zvinondifadza nekuti zvakanakira nharaunda pamwe nekugara kwemhuka. "
Felix Hnat, Vegan Society Austria, pane iyo Vegan maitiro
Iwo maWest anocheka izvo zvinodya nyika
Kudya nyama kuchiri kuwedzera. Kwete muEurope kana kuNorth America, apo inogadzikana pamwero wakanyanya, asi munyika dzichiri kusimuka, kunyanya muAsia, steaks uye burgers inzira yehupenyu iyo vanhu vazhinji vanoita sevanowana zvakanyanya kudikanwa. Vanhu vanofanirwa kunyengedzwa kuti vachinje maitiro avo ezvekudya kuburikidza nekukakavara uye avo vanoita sevateedzeri. Felix Hnat, sachigaro we Vegan Society Austria kuedza kuva mumwe. Anovimba nemufaro zviito uye semuenzaniso hupenyu hwapfuura. "Kwemakore gumi nemasere ndainakidzwa nekudya nyama zvakanyanya. Zvakare, shamwari dzangu zhinji dzepedyo uye nhengo dzemhuri dzinodya nyama. Ini handifungi kuti ndizvo zvakanaka kutonga vanhu nezvavanodya. 52 muzana yevanhu muAustria vanoedza kudzora kunwa kwavo nyama. Ehe, izvo zvinondifadza nekuti zvakanakira nharaunda pamwe nekugara kwemhuka. "
Vegan maitiro ehupfumi
Uye mamwe makambani makuru ari kusvetuka pane vegan uye mhuka hutano hwekufamba. Semuenzaniso, kambani yevatengi yezvinhu zvinhu Unilever yakazivisa pakutanga kwaSeptember kuti iri kuwedzera kutsvaga vegan zai dzimwe nzira. Iko kuvandudza kwekutanga kuwanikwa muzai kunoda kutsigira kambani yeBritish-Dutch nekubvumidzwa kwayo. Kana Unilever ichinyatsoirevesa, haina basa kutarira kure kune dzimwe mishonga dzedzimwe mazai ehuku. KuKufstein, MyEy ine dzimbahwe rayo, iyo inogadzira chigadzirwa chinofanirwa kuve chakachena mishonga yemakwenzi inokandira mazai ehuku. Iyo vegan chigadzirwa inonyanya kuve neyechi starch, mbatatisi uye pea protein, pamwe ne lupine hupfu. Iyo inopihwa mu200 gramu makani e9,90 Euro. Bhokisi rinofanirwa kuenderana nemazai e24. Nekudaro, iyo poda yakaenzana inodhura zvishoma kudarika 41 masenti pane zai - inodhura kwazvo kuti ishandiswe mukugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri. Asi neichi chigadzirwa mamirioni ehuku yehupenyu anogona kuponeswa.
Kubva munaChikumi, Starbucks anga achibata nyama-achinyara, vatengi vegan nechipo chakakosha: chaiyo vegan ciabatta ine avocado cream. Uye kunyange McDonald's iri kuchinjira kune iyo tsika uye yakavhura yayo yekutanga yekudyara yemidziyo muParis muna2011. Kana vanhu vakawandisa kuMadokero vari kutendeukira kune dzimwe nzira dzevgan, maitiro aya rimwe zuva anogona kutenderera pasirese.
Photo / Video: Shutterstock.
