Karin Bornett
Masirogani ari mumutauro unonyanya kunakidza, mifananidzo yemhou dzakagutsikana dzichidya huswa hwakasvibira pamafuro akanaka eAlpine meadows - kana zviri zvechikafu, nyanzvi dzekushambadzira dzinofarira kutiudza nhoroondo yehupenyu hwekumaruwa, yakarongwa zverudo. Vatengesi vegrocery nevagadziri vese vanofara zvakanyanya kuti vatarise kunobva dunhu rezvigadzirwa zvavo. Vatengi vanoibata.
"Ongororo dzakawanda dzinoratidza kuwedzera kukuru kwekufarira chikafu chedunhu uye kutaura nezvemaitiro edunhu anonzi akabatwa neiyo organic maitiro panguva ino," anonyora Melissa Sarah Ragger muna 2018 mune thesis yatenzi wake pamusoro pezvinangwa zvekutenga dunhu. foods. Nekuti's Biomarkt inotaura ongororo isina kutaurwa kubva muna 2019, inonzi yakaratidza "kuti kune vatengi vakaongororwa. aiva uye kusimba kunoita basa rakaderera pane mavambo eAustria uye nharaunda yechikafu. "
Mabviro edunhu awedzerwa
Hazvishamisi: Chikafu chinobva mudunhu chinonakidzwa nemufananidzo wemhando yepamusoro uye mamiriro ekugadzirwa kwakanaka kwevanhu nemhuka. Pamusoro pezvo, hazvifanirwe kutakurwa nepakati penyika. Zvigadzirwa zvedunhu zvinotengeswa uye zvinoonekwa saizvozvo. Asi: chikafu chinobva mudunhu chakanaka here? Muna 2007, Agrarmarkt Austria (AMA) yakaverenga CO2 kusvibiswa kwezvokudya zvega. Mazambiringa kubva kuChile ndiwo aive vatadzi vakuru vemamiriro ekunze aine 7,5 kg yeCO2 pakirogiramu yemuchero. Apuro rekuSouth Africa rairema magiramu 263, zvichienzaniswa nemagiramu makumi maviri nemaviri eapuro rekuStyrian.
Zvakadaro, kumwe kuverenga kubva kuchidzidzo ichi kunoratidzawo kuti ishoma chete CO2 inogona kuponeswa zvachose nekusvika kune chikafu chedunhu. Sekureva kweAMA, kana vese vekuAustria vakatsiva hafu yechikafu nezvigadzirwa zvematunhu, 580.000 matani eCO2 aizoponeswa. Ingori matani 0,07 chete pamunhu pagore - neavhareji yekubuda kwematani gumi nerimwe, inongori shoma 0,6 muzana yezvese zvabuda pagore.
Local is not organic
Chinhu chakakosha chisingawanzo kutaurwa: redunhu haisi organic. Nepo "organic" ichidzorwa zviri pamutemo uye zvinodiwa zvezvigadzirwa zve organic zvichinyatsotsanangurwa, izwi rekuti "regional" harina kuchengetedzwa kana kutsanangurwa kana kumiswa. Saka tinowanzo tsvaga zvigadzirwa zvinogara zvichibva kune varimi mumusha wakavakidzana. Asi kuti murimi uyu anoshandisa kurima kwakajairwa - pamwe kunyangwe nekukuvadza kwezvakatipoteredza izvo zvichiri kubvumidzwa muAustria pfapfaidza - inoshanda kazhinji haina kujeka kwatiri.
Muenzaniso wemadomasi unoratidza mutsauko: mineral fertilizer inoshandiswa mukurima kwakajairika. Kugadzirwa kwemafetereza aya chete kunopedza simba rakawanda zvekuti, sekureva kwenyanzvi, organic tomate kubva kuSicily dzimwe nguva ine CO2 chiyero chiri nani pane iyo kubva kune yakajairika kurima inotumirwa mukati medunhu mumavan madiki. Kunyanya kana uchikura mudzimba dzinopisa muCentral Europe, iyo CO2 inoshandiswa kazhinji inopfura kakawanda. Semutengi, zvisinei, iwe unofanirwa zvakare kuyera zvinhu pahwaro hwega. Kana ukatyaira makiromita anodarika makumi matatu mumotokari yako yega ine mafuta ezvisaririra kuti uende kunotenga pachitoro chepurazi, kazhinji unokanda mwero wakanaka wemamiriro ekunze.
Kusimukira kwehupfumi panzvimbo pekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza
Pasinei nezvose izvi, zviremera zvehurumende zvinokurudzira kutengwa kwezvokudya munharaunda. MuAustria, semuenzaniso, chirongwa chekushambadzira che "GenussRegion Österreich" chakatangwa makore mashoma apfuura neBazi reHupenyu mukubatana neAMA. Kuti chigadzirwa chitakure "Austrian Region of Indulgence" label, iyo mbishi inofanira kubva kudunhu rakatarisana uye kugadziriswa kusvika padanho repamusoro mudunhu. Kuti chigadzirwa chinobva mukurima kwakajairika kana organic hakuna kumbove mucherechedzo. Pamwe zvaigona Greenpeace asi muna 2018 akakwidziridza "Austrian Region of Indulgence" mhando chiratidzo kubva "conditionally akavimbika" kusvika "kuvimbika". Panguva iyoyo zvakaziviswa kuti vatakuri vezita racho vaifanira kurega kushandisa chikafu chakagadzirwa nemajini zvachose panosvika 2020 uye vaizobvumidzwa kushandisa chikafu chedunhu.
Padanho reEuropean, chitupa chezvigadzirwa ne "Protected Geographical Indication" uye "Yakachengetedzwa Dhizaini Yekwakabva" kwakakosha. Nekudaro, kuchengetedzwa kwehunyanzvi kuburikidza nekubatana pakati pemhando yechigadzirwa uye nzvimbo isingazivikanwe yekwakabva kana dunhu rekwakabva kuri kumberi. Vamwe vatsoropodzi vanotenda kuti zano rekupa chikafu munzvimbo pfupi harina kana kukosha kwechipiri.
Mamiriro ekunze haazivi miganhu
Pasinei nerudo rwese rwemba, chinhu chimwe chakajeka: shanduko yemamiriro ekunze haizive miganhu. Chekupedzisira asi chisiri chidiki, zvinofanirwa kurangarirwawo kuti kudyiwa kwechikafu chinotengeswa kunze kwenyika kunosimbisa kurima organic kurima - pamwe musanganiswa neFairtrade chisimbiso. Ndichiri kuAustria zvimwe zvinokurudzira zvinogadzirwa kana rutsigiro rwunopihwa kumapurazi ezvekurima, mabhizinesi akazvipira emuoga* anofanira kuita basa rekupayona, kunyanya munyika dzichiri kusimukira.
Kuenda pasina mubvunzo kune chigadzirwa kubva munharaunda kunogona kukanganisa. Dhipatimendi rekushambadzira redenn's Biomarkt rinozvitaura sezvizvi, zvinoenderana nechikoro chiripo chepfungwa: "Muchidimbu, munhu anogona kutaura kuti dunhu rega, kusiyana neorganic, haisi pfungwa yekusimudzira. Zvakadaro, kugadzirwa kwechikafu kwedunhu kunogona kuzviisa sechikwata chakasimba pamwe chete nekurima organic. Izvi zvinotevera zvinogona kushandiswa seyamuro yekuita sarudzo paunenge uchitenga zvekutengesa: organic, mwaka, redunhu - zviri nani mune iyi hurongwa. "
REGIONAL IN NUMBER
Vanopfuura makumi manomwe muzana veavo vakaongororwa vanotenga girosari yedunhu kakawanda pamwedzi. Vanenge hafu vakataura kuti vanotoshandisa magirosari edunhu pakutenga girosari kwevhiki. Austria inotungamira pano iine 70 muzana. Germany inotevera neanosvika makumi mana nenomwe muzana uye Switzerland iine 60 muzana. 47 muzana yeavo vakaongororwa vanosanganisa kudyiwa kwechikafu chedunhu nekuzvipira kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza, izvo zvinosanganisirawo mapfupi nzira dzekufambisa. Zvikamu makumi mana nezvinomwe kubva muzana zvinotarisira kuti chigadzirwa chedunhu chingave chakagadzirwa mumapurazi asingadarike makiromita zana kubva kure. Pachinhambwe chemakiromita mazana maviri, chibvumirano chevakaongororwa chakaderera nezvikamu gumi nezvitanhatu kubva muzana. Zvikamu gumi neshanu muzana chete zvevatengi vanoisa kukosha kumubvunzo wekuti zvigadzirwa zvinobva mukurima organic.
(Kwakabva: Zvidzidzo naAT KEARNEY 2013, 2014; yakatorwa mu: Melissa Sarah Ragger: "Regional before organic?")
Photo / Video: Shutterstock.
