Veronika Janyrova
Isu tinonyora gore 2004: Pa 1. MunaKurume, European Union ichawedzera kusanganisa nyika gumi dzeCentral neEuropean Europe (maECEC), mitauro gumi uye huwandu hwevanhu 75 mamirioni. Nepo hafu yehuwandu hwevagari vekare nhengo dzeEU nyika iri kufarira iyi nhoroondo yekuenzanisa zvichienzaniswa nekumabvazuva kwekuwedzera kweEU, imwe hafu inotya mafashamu evanobva kune dzimwe nyika, mafashamu ezvibereko (zvekurima) uye kuwedzera kwoutsotsi.
VaEuropean vanotarisira kutarisira kumabvazuva kukurudzira kukuru kwehupfumi kuEurope. Kune yavo, iyoECEC ivo pachavo vari kuwedzera mihoro yavo uye nemararamiro, kutungamira mari inoyerera kubva kuCheshesion uye Structural Funds, uye kwete hupenyu hwerusununguko, chengetedzo nedemokrasi.
Wolfgang Schüssel, anova Austrian Chancellor, akasimbisa, semuenzaniso, iwo mikana yekuwedzera kweAustria kumabasa uye basa rakatogadzirwa nekuvhurwa kweEast, izvo zvichiri kutarisirwa semhedzisiro yekuwaniswa kweEU. Romano Prodi, ipapo Mutungamiriri weEuropean Commission, akakwevera kune kugona kwehupfumi kwemusikawo chaiwo wemukati. Akataura nezvezvidzidzo, zvichienderana nekuwedzera kwekumabvazuva kwaizounzaECEC pakati pemashanu kusvika masere muzana uye iyo nhengo yekare yeEU inotaura nezve chikamu chimwe muzana cheGDP. Nekuchenjera, akayambirawo pamusoro pekunetseka kukuru kwekuita sarudzo kweEurope uye kuwedzera kusaenzana kwemitero.
Kuwedzera kweEastern & Eastern Emperor Austria
Migumisiro yakanaka yekuwedzera kwekumabvazuva paAustria haina mhosva nhasi. Mushure mezvose, 18 muzana yezvekuburitswa kweAustria inoenda kumabvazuva EU nhengo dzenhengo. Izvi zvinoenderana zvinopfuura manomwe manomwe muzana weAustria GDP (2013). Varimisi veAustria vane chinzvimbo chakakwirira mudunhu rino. Chirevo chapfuura Vienna Sangano reInternational Economics (wiiw) inotsanangura chinzvimbo cheAustria kumabvazuva chakawedzera kuwedzera seinotevera: Austria ndiyo inoverengeka mugari wemari kunze kwenyika muSlovenia neCroatia. Inove nhamba yechipiri muBulgaria neSlovakia, nhamba yechitatu muCzech Republic uye nhamba yechina muHungary.
Kunyangwe kupinda kweAustria muEU kuchingori nemakore 2015, izvi zvakaongororwa Austrian Sangano Rehupfumi Kutsvaga . Yakabatsira kubva padanho rega rega rekubatana kwehupfumi, "akadaro wofo economist Fritz Breuss. Mukudzidza kwake pamusoro pemhedzisiro dzekuwanikwa kweEU, anogumisa kuti kuwedzera kumabvazuva, iyo nhengo yeEU, kuiswa kweiyo euro uye kutora chikamu mumusika weEU mukati meAustria kwakaunza gore roga roga pakati pe0,5 uye chikamu chimwe muzana cheGDP. Nekudaro, kunyangwe Austria iri yeimwe yakakura kubatsirikana mune zveupfumi yekuvhurwa kwekumabvazuva uye EU kumabvazuva kuwedzera, huwandu hwayo ndeimwe yemakakatanwa ayo makuru. 2004 yakatsigira chete 34 muzana yekuwedzera kumabvazuva, 52 muzana yakanyatsorambwa. Zvichakadaro, uyu ongororo hwachinja. Mushure mezvose, 53 muzana yeAustria inofunga kuwedzera kumabvazuva sechisarudzo chakanaka pane inotevera nguva.
“Hupenyu hwasimukira zvakanyanya munyika zhinji. "KuBulgaria neRomania, GDP pamunhu yakatowedzera zvakapetwa kaviri."
Kumabvazuva block
Mune dzimwe nhengo nyowani nyika dzekumabvazuva dziwedzerwa, iro rakazara rehupfumi muhupfumi bhegi zvakare rakapindirana zvakanaka. Kunze kwekutanga kwegore rekutanga kwedambudziko, 2009, kukura kwehupfumi kwenhengo dzese gumi dzenhengo yaive pamusoro peiyo ye "EU yekare". Iyi mutsauko mukukura inoreva kuti ivo vakasvikira EU mune zvehupfumi. MuBaltic States, semuenzaniso, kukosha kwakawedzerwa pakati pe2004 ne2013 kwakawedzera nekaitatu, uye kuPoland kunyangwe ne40 muzana. Maitiro ekurarama akavandudzika zvikuru munyika zhinji. MuBulgaria neRomania, GDP pamunhu yakawedzera zvakapetwa.
Mari yakamirira kwenguva refu kubva kuEU Structural uye Cohesion Funds yakafambawo. Kunyangwe zvisiri kusvika kune izvo nyika dzaitarisira, izvi zvainyanya kukonzerwa nekugona kwavo kunyura. Madunhu ane husina kusimba masisitimu haakwanise kutora zvizere mari dzavakapihwa. Mukuwedzera, kudikanwa kwenyika kubatana mari kwakaratidza kuve chipingamupinyi chikuru. Nekudaro, kuwedzera kumabvazuva uye kuwanda kwakabatana kwakakura kwakabatsira nyika kuti dzivandudze mashura, mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza, huwandu hwevanhu uye huwandu hwehutongi hweveruzhinji. Investment yekune dzimwe nyika, iyo yaiyerera kubva kune dzekare nhengo dzenhengo dzeEU, yakavandudza kukwikwidza kwenyika idzi uye zvakakonzera kusimudzirwa kwehunyanzvi kweanenge ese maitiro ekugadzira.
Musika wemudzimba unounza kumwe kukura?
Iko kutarisira kwepakati kwevakagadziri ehupfumi hweEurope yaive yekuti musika mumwe wakakura - ikozvino unove nemamirioni e500 evatengi uye 21 mamirioni emakambani - uchaunza kukurudzira kukuru kweEuropa, ikapa rusununguko rwayo rwechina (kufamba kwakasununguka kwezvinhu, masevhisi, capital nevanhu) uye mitemo yemakwikwi yakajairika. Izvi zvehupfumi-zvakafungidzirwa mhedzisiro hazvina kubudirira. Hupfumi hweEU hwakakurira mumakore 2004 kusvika 2013 paavhareji kungoti 1,1 muzana.
Zvikonzero zvinopokana. Nepo vamwe vachivaona vasina kusimbiswa zvakakwana hwaro hwakasununguka (masevhisi anogona kungopihwa EU-wide kubvira 2010), vamwe vanovaisa mune yakasimba yehupfumi heterogeneity yeEU nyika. Semuenzaniso, iyo EU's rate rate rate inowirirana nenyika dzakakwikwidzana yakasimba. Simon Djankov, aimbova Gurukota rezvemari reBulgaria uye Mutevedzeri weGurukota, anorondedzera ichi asymmetry mumuenzaniso wePortugal: Kune Portugal, iyo yakaoma euro inoreva "kuti haigone kukwikwidza mune yakatarwa ratidziro yekutonga maregeti chero bedzi isingachinje musika wayo wevashandi nematare ehupfumi ayo. Nemari yayo yakawandisa, Portugal haigoni kutengesa zvinhu zvayo uye mabasa kumusika wepasi rose nemitengo yemakwikwi. "
Mhinduro yeEuropean yekukutukutu kwehupfumi hwekutanga yakatanga inonzi Lisbon Agenda. Yehupfumi yehurongwa hwehupfumi hurongwa iyo inofanirwa kuita Europe "ndiyo inokwikwidza uye inosimba-inosimbisa-hupfumi hwakavakirwa munyika mukati memakore gumi". Nekudaro, mushure mekuziva kuti izvi zvinangwa zvakanyanyisa, mhinduro ikozvino "Europe 2020 Strategy".
Europe 2020 chirongwa chemakore gumi chehupfumi chakagamuchirwa ne2010 neEuropean Council. Chinangwa chayo "kukura, kwakasimba uye kwakabatanidza kukura" nekudyidzana kuri nani kwehupfumi hwenyika neEuropean. Iyo inotarisisa ndeye kukurudzira kwekutsvaga nekuvandudza, dzidzo yepamusoro uye kudzidza kwehupenyu hwese. Panguva imwecheteyo, kutarisisa kunotarisana nekubatana kwakanaka kwenzanga uye kusimudzirwa kwetekinoroji zvine hunyanzvi tekinoroji.
Matambudziko acho
Pasinei nezvishuwo zvepamusoro izvi, dambudziko rehupfumi riri kuramba riripo rakaratidza kusarongeka kwekushomeka kwehupfumi hweEuropean. Kukura kwehupfumi kwakadzika mumatunhu ese eEU uye zvakakonzera kudzikira kumashure kwehondo muEurope.
Ipo kushaya basa kuri kudzikira muEurope yose kusati kwaitika dambudziko rehupfumi, yakakwira zvakanyanya kubva ku2008 uye ikasvikazve zviyero zviviri. Zvine kusuwa, nyika nyowani dzekumaodzanyemba dzeEU dziri pazasi meti. Pakupera kwe2013, Eurostat yakafungidzira kuti 26,2 mamirioni evarume nevakadzi mhiri kweEU pamwe nevechidiki ve5,5 mamirioni vaive vasina basa pasi pemakore 25. Kushaikwa kwevese basa pamwe nevechidiki kushaikwa zvakanyanya pari zvino pakati pezvinetso zvikuru zveEU, sezera rese revadiki vasina basa uye maonero chaiwo pahupenyu hwakazvimiririra anogona kuoneka sekutadza kwezvematongerwo enyika.
Rimwe dambudziko rakatarisana neEU kuwanda kukuru kwekusaenzana. Chokwadi chekuti 2004 yakawedzera EU ne20 muzana maererano nehuwandu, asi nemasenti mashanu muzana mune zvehupfumi, yakasimudza mukana wekupinda muEU nezvingangoita 20. Nekuda kwehuwandu hwemari yemari inowanikwa panguva yehutongi hwejekisheni (nheyo: vese vane zvishoma), kusaenzana munhengo dzenhengo nyowani kwakawedzera zvakanyanya.
Nekudaro, iri idambudziko renyika dzese dzekuWestern: mari inoraswa yave kuwanda zvakaenzana zvakagoverwa munyika dzese dzeOECD mumakumi matatu emakore apfuura. Uku kuvandudzwa kwemari yekusawiriranwa kwemari kunoenderana neshanduko yemari kure nemubhadharo kuenda kumabhadharo makuru. Panguva imwecheteyo, mari yepamusoro inokwira zvakanyanya, nepo mutero weiyi yepamusoro weperesenti wevakawana mari yepamusoro mune ese OECD nyika.
Kure kure nehupfumi
Kunze kwekubudirira kwehupfumi nematambudziko, iko kumabvazuva kuwedzere kune zvekare nhoroondo yezvakaitika. Europe yakabatanazve mushure mekupatsanurwa kwe50-gore kuva maviri blocs uye iyo Cold War. Chinangwa chikuru chekubatanidzwa kweEurope, kureva kugadzira rugare uye chengetedzo yeEurope, zvakanyatso zadzikiswa.
Nhasi, nhengo dzeEU dzechinyakare uye nyowani dziri kunetsekana nematambudziko ehupfumi, hwemagariro uye rezvematongerwo enyika. Join the EU chete haisi panacea yezvinetso zvenguva yedu. Nekudaro, zvine mubvunzo kana nyika idzi gumi dzingadai dzakabudirira kuzvisunungura kubva kuhutongi hwadzo, dzakatongwa neRussia uye dzichivashandura kuita hutongi hwehunhu pasina kubatana neEU. Mazwi akakosha: Ukraine.
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