Corporate greenwashing

Zvipikirwa zvemamiriro ekunze akaitwa nemakambani makuru mazhinji haamiri kuti anyatsoongorora

naMartin Auer

2019 hat Amazon pamwe chete nemamwe makambani makuru Chivimbiso Chemamiriro ekunze yakatangwa, imwe ye kusangana kwakawanda nemakambani anozvipira kuita kabhoni asina kwaakarerekera panosvika 2040. Asi kusvika parizvino, Amazon haisati yatsanangura zvakadzama kuti inoda kuzadzisa chinangwa ichocho. Hazvina kujeka kuti chitsidzo chinovhara chete CO2 emissions kana ese egreenhouse magasi, uye hazvisi kujeka kuti kuburitswa kuchaderedzwa kusvika papi kana kungopedzwa nekabhoni offsetting.

Ikea inoda kuve "mamiriro ekunze akanaka" panosvika 2030. Chaizvoizvo izvo zvinorevei zvinoramba zvisina kujeka, asi zvinoratidza kuti Ikea inoda kuita zvinopfuura kuenda kabhoni isina kwayakarerekera panguva iyoyo. Kunyanya, kambani inoronga kudzikisa kuburitsa kwayo ne2030 muzana chete panosvika 15. Kune vamwe vese, Ikea inoda kuverenga "kudziviswa" kuburitswa, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, i.e. emissions iyo vatengi vayo vanodzivisa chaizvo kana vachitenga solar panels kubva kuIkea. Ikea inoverengawo kabhoni yakasungwa muzvigadzirwa zvayo. Iyo kambani inoziva kuti kabhoni iyi inoburitswa zvakare mushure memakore makumi maviri paavhareji (semuenzaniso kana zvigadzirwa zvehuni zvinoraswa nekupiswa). Zvechokwadi, izvi zvinoramba mamiriro ekunze zvakare.

apuro inoshambadza pawebhusaiti yayo: "Isu hatisi CO2 tisina kwatakarerekera. Uye panosvika 2030, zvigadzirwa zvese zvaunoda zvichave zvakare. Nekudaro, iyi "Isu tiri CO2-tisina kwazvakarerekera" inongoreva kuvashandi vega mashandiro akananga, nzendo dzebhizinesi uye mafambiro. Zvakadaro, vanongoverengera 1,5 muzana yehuwandu hwekuburitswa kweBoka. Iyo yasara 98,5 muzana inoitika mukutengesa cheni. Pano, Apple yakazvimisira chinangwa chekudzikisa che2030 muzana panosvika 62 zvichibva muna 2019. Izvo zvinoshuvira, asi zvichiri kure kure kubva kuCO2 kusarerekera. Zvinangwa zvepakati zvakadzama hazvipo. Iko hakunawo zvinotarirwa pamusoro pekuti ungaderedza sei kushandiswa kwesimba kuburikidza nekushandiswa kwezvigadzirwa. 

Maitiro akanaka neakaipa

Mamiriro akafanana anogona kuonekwa kune mamwe makambani makuru. The think tank New Climate Institute akanyatsotarisa zvirongwa zvemakambani makuru makumi maviri neshanu uye akaongorora hurongwa hwakadzama hwemakambani. Kune rumwe rutivi, kujeka kwezvirongwa kwakaongororwa uye kune rumwe rutivi, kana matanho akarongwa anogoneka uye akakwana kuzadzisa zvinangwa izvo makambani akazvimisira. Zvinangwa zvemakambani makuru, i.e. kana zvigadzirwa zviri muchimiro ichi uye kusvika padanho iri zvinosangana nezvinodiwa munharaunda zvachose, hazvina kuverengerwa muongororo. 

Zvakawanikwa zvakaburitswa muCorporate Climate Responsibility Monitor 2022 mushumo[1] pamwe chete neNGO Carbon Market Tarisa veröffentlicht. 

Chirevo chinozivisa akati wandei maitiro akanaka ayo anogona kuyerwa kutevedzera vimbiso dzemamiriro ekunze:

• Makambani anofanirwa kuteedzera zvese zvaaburitsa uye kushuma gore negore. Zvinoreva izvo kubva mukugadzira kwavo ("Scope 1"), kubva mukugadzirwa kwesimba ravanoshandisa ("Scope 2") uye kubva kune cheni yekugovera uye nzira dzepasi sekutakura, kushandiswa uye kurasa ("Scope 3"). 
• Makambani anofanirwa kutaura muzvinangwa zvemamiriro ekunze kuti zvinangwa izvi zvinosanganisira kuburitswa kwemhepo muchikamu 1, 2 ne3 pamwe nemamwe madhiraivha akakodzera emamiriro ekunze (sekushanduka kwekushandiswa kwevhu). Vanofanira kuisa zvinangwa zvisingabatanidzi zvigadziriswe uye zvinopindirana ne1,5 ° C chinangwa cheindasitiri iyi. Uye vanofanira kuseta matanho akajeka asingapfuuri makore mashanu akaparadzana.
• Makambani anofanirwa kuita zvakadzika decarbonization matanho uye zvakare kuaburitsa kuitira kuti vamwe vatevedzere. Iwe unofanirwa kuwana iyo yemhando yepamusoro simba rinodzokororwa uye kuburitsa zvese zvese zvekwakabva.
• Vanofanirwa kupa rutsigiro rwemari rwekuda kudzikamisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze kunze kwecheni yavo yekukosha, vasingaite sekusabvisa hutsi hwavo. Kana toreva nezvokubvisa kabhoni, vanofanira kudzivisa zvipikirwa zvinotsausa. Iwo chete CO2 offsets dzinofanirwa kuverengerwa izvo zvinobvisa zvachose zvisingadzivisike emissions. Makambani anofanirwa kungosarudza mhinduro dzinoita sequester kabhoni kwemazana emakore kana mireniyamu (anenge makore zana) uye inogona kuverengerwa nemazvo. Chirevo ichi chinogona chete kusangana nemichina yekugadzirisa iyo mineralize CO2, i.e. inoshandura kuita magnesium carbonate (magnesite) kana calcium carbonate (lime), semuenzaniso, uye iyo inongowanikwa mune ramangwana isingagoni kutsanangurwa zvakadzama.

Chirevo chinotaura maitiro akaipa anotevera:

• Kuburitswa pachena kwezvinobuda, kunyanya kubva kuChikamu chetatu. Mamwe makambani anoshandisa izvi kuvanza kusvika pazvikamu makumi mapfumbamwe nezvisere kubva muzana.
• Kuwedzera kuburitswa kwekare kuita kuti kudzikisira kuratidzike kukuru.
• Outsourcing emissions kune subcontractors.
• Viga kusaita seri kwezvinangwa zvikuru.
• Usasanganise emissions kubva kumaketani ekupa uye nzira dzepasi.
• Zvinangwa zvisizvo: anokwana mana emakambani makumi maviri neshanu akaongororwa akaburitsa zvinangwa izvo zvisingade kuderedzwa pakati pa25 na2020.
• Ruzivo rusina kujeka kana rusingagoneki nezve matsime emagetsi anoshandiswa.
• Kaviri kuverenga kwekuderedzwa.
• Sarudza mazita ega ega uye uvasimudzire se CO2-neutral.

Hapana nzvimbo yekutanga mukuyerwa

Mukuongorora kwakavakirwa pamaitiro akanaka neakaipa aya, hapana kana kambani yakaongororwa yakawana nzvimbo yekutanga. 

Maersk akauya wechipiri ("inogamuchirwa"). Kambani hombe yekutakura ngarava pasirese yakazivisa muna Ndira 2022 kuti inotarisira kuwana net-zero emissions kukambani yese, kusanganisira ese matatu scopes, panosvika 2040. Uku kuvandudzwa pane zvirongwa zvakapfuura. Pakazosvika 2030, kuburitswa kubva kumateminari kuchadonha nezvikamu makumi manomwe kubva muzana uye kusimba kwekutakura kwekutakura (kureva kuburitsa patani inotakurwa) ne70 muzana. Ehe, kana mavhoriyamu ekutakura akawedzera panguva imwe chete, izvo zvinosvika pasi pe50 muzana yehutsi hwakakwana. Maersk yaizofanirwa kuwana huwandu hwekudzikisira pakati pa50 na2030. Maersk yakaisawo zvinangwa zvekuchinja zvakananga kuCO2040-neutral mafuta, i.e. synthetic uye bio-fuels. LPG semhinduro yenguva pfupi haina kutariswa. Sezvo mafuta matsva aya achiunza kuchengetedzwa uye nyaya dzekuchengetedza, Maersk akarairawo tsvagiridzo ine chekuita. Mitoro misere yakarongerwa kutanga kushanda muna 2, iyo inogona kushandiswa nemafuta efossil pamwe nebio-methanol kana e-methanol. Neizvi, Maersk inoda kudzivirira kukiya-mukati. Kambani iyi yakakumbirawo World Maritime Organisation kuti iwane general kabhoni mutero pakutumira. Chirevo chinoshoropodza chokwadi chekuti, mukusiyana nehurongwa hwakadzama hwemamwe mafuta, Maersk inopa mashoma akajeka zvinangwa zve scope 2024 uye 2 emissions. Pamusoro pazvose, magetsi ekugadzira mamwe mafuta anozopedzisira auya achave akakosha.

Apple, Sony uye Vodafone yakauya yechitatu ("zvine mwero").

Makambani anotevera anongozadzisa zvishoma maitiro: Amazon, Deutsche Telekom, Enel, GlaxoSmithkline, Google, Hitachi, Ikea, Volkswagen, Walmart neVale. 

Uye chirevo chinowana tsamba shoma neAccenture, BMW Group, Carrefour, CVS Health, Deutsche Post DHL, E.On SE, JBS, Nestlé, Novartis, Saint-Gbain uye Unilever.

Matatu chete emakambani aya akagadzira zvirongwa zvekudzikisa zvinokanganisa kukosha kwese: Danish shipping giant Maersk, British communications company Vodafone neDeutsche Telekom. 13 makambani akaendesa akadzama mapakeji ematanho. Paavhareji, zvirongwa izvi zvakakwana kuderedza utsi ne40 muzana panzvimbo pe100 muzana yakapikirwa. Anosvika mashanu emakambani anongowana kudzikiswa negumi neshanu muzana nematanho avo. Semuyenzaniso, iwo haasanganisire kuburitswa kunoitika kune avo vanovapa kana mumiitiro yezasi sekutakura, kushandiswa uye kuraswa. Makambani gumi nemaviri haana kupa ruzivo rwakajeka nezvehurongwa hwavo hwekudzikisa gasi regreenhouse. Kana iwe ukatora makambani ese akaongororwa pamwechete, anongowana makumi maviri muzana ekuderedzwa kwakavimbiswa mukubuda. Kuti urambe uchisvika pachinangwa che15°C, hutsi hwese hunofanira kudzikiswa nezvikamu makumi mana kusvika makumi mashanu kubva muzana muna 20 kana zvichienzaniswa ne1,5.

CO2 muripo unonetsa

Chinonyanya kunetsa ndechekuti mazhinji emakambani anosanganisira kabhoni yekubvisa muzvirongwa zvavo, zvakanyanya kuburikidza nehurongwa hwekudyara masango uye mamwe masikirwo-akavakirwa mhinduro, senge Amazon iri kuita pamwero mukuru. Izvi zvinonetsa nekuti kabhoni yakasungwa nenzira iyi inogona kuburitswa ichidzokera mumhepo, semuenzaniso kuburikidza nemoto wesango kana nekutemwa kwemasango nekupisa. Mapurojekiti akadai anodawo nzvimbo dzisingawanikwe zvachose uye dzinogona kushaikwa pakugadzira chikafu. Chimwe chikonzero ndechekuti kabhoni sequestration (inonzi negative emissions) Kuwedzera zvakakodzera kuderedza kubudiswa. Saka makambani anofanirwa kutsigira zvirongwa zvakadaro zvekuvandudza masango kana peatland kudzoreredza uye zvichingodaro, asi havafanirwe kushandisa tsigiro iyi sechikonzero chekusadzikisa kuburitsa kwavo, i.e. kusaisanganisira sezvinhu zvisina kunaka mubhajeti ravo rekuburitsa. 

Kunyangwe matekinoroji anobvisa CO2 kubva mumhepo nekuisunga zvachose (mineralize) inogona kungoonekwa semuripo unotendeseka kana ichiitirwa kugadzirisa zvinobuda zvisingadzivisike mune ramangwana. Mukuita izvi, makambani anofanirwa kufunga kuti kunyangwe matekinoroji aya, kana akashandiswa, anongowanikwa chete kusvika padiki uye kuti kuchine kusavimbika kukuru kwakabatana nawo. Vanofanira kutevera zviri kuitika pedyo nekugadzirisa zvirongwa zvavo zvemamiriro ekunze maererano.

Uniform mwero unofanirwa kugadzirwa

Pakazara, gwaro rinoona kuti pane kushomeka kwemaitiro akafanana padanho renyika nepasi rose rekuongorora zvipikirwa zvemamiriro ekunze emakambani. Mipimo yakadaro yaizodiwa nokukurumidza kusiyanisa mutoro chaiwo wemamiriro okunze kubva pakushambidzika kwegirinhi.

Kuti vagadzirise zviyero zvakadai zvezvirongwa zvet-zero zvemasangano asiri ehurumende semakambani, vanoisa mari, maguta nematunhu, United Nations yakaburitsa imwe muna Kurume gore rino. boka renyanzvi dzepamusoro kumutswa kuupenyu. Zvinokurudzirwa zvinotarisirwa kuburitswa gore risati rapera.

Zvakaonekwa: Renate Kristu

Mufananidzo webutiro: Canva/postprocessed naSimon Probst

[1]    Zuva, Thomas; Mooldijke, Silke; Smit, Sybrig; Posada, Eduardo; Hans, Frederic; Fearnehough, Harry et al. (2022): Corporate Climate Responsibility Monitor 2022. Cologne: New Climate Institute. Pamhepo: https://newclimate.org/2022/02/07/corporate-climate-responsibility-monitor-2022/, inowanikwa musi wa 02.05.2022/XNUMX/XNUMX.