Veronika Janyrova
"Tinoona munyika zhinji umo mitemo yehugandanga isipo inogona kutungamira. Vatsoropodzi vanotyisidzirwa, kusekeredzwa kana kusungwa."
Annemarie Schlack, Amnesty Int.
2018 yakanga iri masekete ezvematongerwo enyika kusvika pakawanda kwazvo Pakutanga kwegore, hurumende yakashamisika - zvakanyanya kana zvishoma - neshanduro nyowani ye "kuchengetedhwa kwepakeji" iyo yakakonzera kushoropodzwa kwakanyanya mugore rapfuura. Zvese mune zvese, 9.000 zvakataurwa zvakaendeswa nevagari, NGO uye zviremera zveveruzhinji - kupfuura nakare kose mutemo. Musimboti weiyi shanduko ku "chiito chakabudirira mukurwisa mhosva yakakura uye hugandanga", sekusimbisa kwakaita mapato mapato, ndiko kushandisa kwespionage software (Bundestrojaner).
Iyo nyika ikozvino ine mukana wekuwana iyo yese data uye mabasa emafoni emakombiyuta - semuenzaniso kuburikidza neWhatsApp, Skype, kana yega "gore". Pfungwa iwe, izvi zvinoda kurongeka nemuchuchisi wevanhu uye mvumo yedare. Sezvineiwo, pachiitiko ichi, icho chakavanzika chekunyorera chakanyoroveswa, chakaunza (chiitiko chine chekuita) chengetedzo yedata uye chakasimbisa kutarisa kwevhidhiyo munzvimbo yeruzhinji. Vanopikisa uye mazhinji maNGOs akaona izvi sekukanganisa kwakanyanya nekodzero dzakasununguka uye nerusununguko, vakayambiriswa nezvekushungurudzwa uye vakataura nezve "nyika yekuongorora".
Hapana chinoshamisira kushandurwa kwebumbiro razvino, zvichienderana nekuti matunhu edare anogona kusarudzwazve nehurumende yemubatanidzwa chete nechisungo. Parizvino, kubvumidzwa kwemubatanidzwa uye kutorwa kwemutemo wemubatanidzwa kwaidikanwa pakugadziriswa kwematare edzimhosva. Mubatanidzwa wevatongi veAustria unoona mushure meiyi shanduko "kupindira kukuru mukuzvitonga kuzere (uye zvisingadzivisiki) uye nekudaro mukutonga kwemutemo weAustria".
Rusununguko rwevatori venhau harukonzeresa kusaita hanya. Kunze kwekungofungidzirwa kusati kwamboitika kwevatapi venhau uye vane nzara mune zvemapoka edhi zvikwata, iyo ORF yagara ichitongwa kakawanda nezvematongerwo enyika kubva pakutanga kwegore. Mushure mezvose, izvi zvakaita kuti vanhu ve45.000 vasaine chikumbiro kubva kusangano "kuti vasimuke!" Kuti varatidze kupokana nekubatanidzwa nevezvematongerwo enyika veORF.
Migration mutemo inokodzera chaizvo chitsauko chayo. Zvakadaro, zvinofanirwa kutaurwa pano kuti National Council yakasarudza muna Chikunguru kuti iwedzere kusimbisa mutemo kune vatorwa, iyo ikozvino inobvumidza mapurisa kuwana nharembozha uye mari kubva kune vapoteri. Pamusoro pezvo, nguva dzekukwirira dzakapfupikiswa, zvibatsiro zvekubatanidza zvidzidzo zveGerman zvakapfupiswa uye zano repamutemo revanotsvaga nzvimbo raizivikanwa. Ndiyo 2005 kubvira 17. Kugadziriswa kwemutemo kune vatorwa.
Sangano revanhu rakagadzirwa nemagandanga
Iko kurongerwa kubviswa kwendima 278c Abs.3 StGB kwakakonzera kuwanda kwekuungana. Iyi ndima yeCriminal Code yemabasa ekutyisidzira akapatsanurwa zvakajeka kubva muchibatanidzwa chevagari vehukama uye hukama hwesarudzo, pamwe nekodzero dzevanhu. Kubviswa kwacho kwaizoreva kuti, semuenzaniso, demokrasi nemabasa ezvekodzero dzevanhu anogona kuve achinzi anotongwa semagandanga uye zvakare kurangwa. Chiri kufadza pamusoro penyaya iyi ndechekuti hurumende yakazoregedza kubviswa nekuda kwekupikiswa nevemagariro, vezvedzidzo uye vanopikisa. Amnesty International Austria inoverengeka - mukuwedzera kune demokrasi yakawandisa!, Kubatana Kwevasina Pundutso, Hupfumi hweHupfumi hweAustria neEco-Hofisi - kune iwo maNGOs, ayo akateedzera kurongwa kwemutemo wekuparwa kwemhosva nemeso egondo. Maneja maneja Annemarie Schlack anoyeuka maitiro anozvimiririra mune dzimwe nyika: "Tinocherekedza munyika zhinji umo mitemo isina ugandanga inogona kutungamira: vanotsoropodza vanotyisidzirwa, vanoshungurudzwa kana kusungwa. Dziviriro yevanodzivirira kodzero dzevanhu muAustria ingadai isina kusimba zvakanyanya ".
Kutarira kumabvazuva
Visegrad yenyika inotiratidza zvakajeka panowanikwa mutemo wekuzvitonga uye wepakati. Gurukota rezveHungary Viktor Orban, semuenzaniso, vari kuita mushandirapamwe wakatemerwa maNU akazvipira kurudzi rwevanhu uye kuzvitonga kuzere nekutsigirwa kubva kunze kwenyika. Mugore rapfuura, mushure mekunge maHungary NGOs zvaidikanwa nemutemo kuburitsa zvipo zvavo zvekunze, mutemo mutsva weNCA wakapihwa muna Chikumi, izvo zvinoda kuti vabhadhare 25 muzana yemari iyi kuNyika yeHungary. Mukuwedzera, ivo vanofanirwa kuzvizivisa ivo mune zvinyorwa zvavo se "sangano rinogamuchira rubatsiro rwekunze". Aya anonzi "matanho ekudzivirira ruzhinji" anotsanangurwa zviri pamutemo nenyaya yekuti maNGO aya "anoronga zvekushanya" uye nekudaro "vanoda kushandura zvachose chimiro chehuwandu hweHungary".
MuPoland zvakare, hurumende kazhinji uye kazhinji inoshora zvirevo zvebumbiro uye kodzero dzevanhu uye inoedza kupa mutemo kurwisa rusununguko rwekutaura uye musangano. Varatidziri vane runyararo vari kupomedzerwa uye masangano asiri ehurumende anoshungurudzwa. Nekudaro, mushure memakore mapfumbamwe ehurumende uye neruzhinji rwusingaenzaniswi mumakamuri ese ari maviri, bato rinotonga "Mutemo uye Kururamisira" (PiS) sezviri pachena rakabheja runyararo rwaro rwekusarudzo. Kuvhiringidzika pamusoro pekuzvikudza kwesimba kwakakonzera mhirizhonga mukati mehuwandu uye nemweya wakatsunga wetariro mukati memagariro ehurumende gore rapfuura. Kuratidzira kwakakura kwakazoita kuti vatevedzeri vemutungamiri wenyika vaviri ve vatatu kubva pamitemo mitatu yekurwisa democracy. Uye zvakare, panguva yekuratidzira, masangano matsva uye matanho akasarudzika akasikwa ayo akabvumiranawo mune rimwe sangano.
Veruzhinji veSlovak veruzhinji vakamutsawo mushure me2018 mutori wenhau muna Kukadzi Jan Kuciak akaurayiwa. Aingove achitsvaga nehuwori huwori umo vamiriri vehupfumi veSlovak, zvematongerwo enyika uye zvemitemo vakashumirana. Kashoma chero munhu anokahadzika kuti Kuciak akaurayiwa kuzarurirwa kwake. Mumhinduro kuumhondi, nyika yakarohwa nemafungu asina kumbobvira aitwa ezviratidziro. Mushure mezvose, izvi zvakakonzera kusiya basa kwemukuru wemapurisa, gurukota, gurukota rezvemukati uye, pakupedzisira, mutsivi wake.
Tichifunga nezvematambudziko aya, hazvishamise kuti kusagutsikana kwevazhinji veVisegrad nekusimudzira kwegutsaruzhinji uye mamiriro avo ezvematongerwo enyika hazvina kumboitika muEU. Chidzidzo chepasi rose chakawanawo nyika dzine "chirwere chekushaya rubatsiro" chinopararira munharaunda yose. Nekudaro, vazhinji se74 muzana yevagari vanotenda kuti simba munyika mavo riri mumaoko evezvematongerwo enyika, uye kuti munhu akaenzana mune iyo system haana simba zvachose. Vanopfuura hafu vakatobvumirana nerevo kuti zvaive zvisina musoro kupindira mune zvematongerwo enyika uye kwete vashoma vanototya kuburitsa mafungiro avo pachena. Mafungiro aripo ekuti demokrasi yavo haina kusimba kana kuti kunyange kurasika iri kuramba ichiderera kutsigira demokrasi uye kuvhara nzira yekuwanda kwevanhu uye vezvematongerwo enyika vanopokana nedemocracy, vanyori vakadaro.
Ndichiri muPoland neHungary, ruzhinji rwunosangana nerutsigiro rwakasimba rwegutsaruzhinji, muCzech Republic neSlovakia chishuwo chakasimba che "murume akasimba" chinogona kuwanikwa. Izvi ndozvakaitawo muAustria. Ndichiri munyika ino, maererano neSORA Institute, 43 muzana yevagari ikozvino vanoona "murume akasimba" kunge anodikanwa, muVisegrad inoti inongova 33 muzana.
Vanyori vechidzidzo cheSORA pamusoro pekuziva kwevanhu nezvevanhu vemuAustria vakaonawo kuti kunyange rutsigiro rwegutsaruzhinji muAustria rwakadzikira zvakanyanya mumakore gumi apfuura, kubvumidzwa kwe "mutungamiri akasimba" uye "mutemo & kurongeka" kwakawedzera zvakanyanya. Saizvozvowo, kusava nechokwadi kwese uye fungidziro yekuti ivo havana chekutaura iri kupararira pakati pevagari veAustria Mhedziso yevanyori ndeiyi: "Iyo yakakwira iyo kusava nechokwadi, iko kazhinji kacho chishuwo che" murume akasimba "weAustria."
Magandanga, chii manje?
Kubva pane izvi kuziva uye makore ekutsvagurudza muhukama hweAustria kune demokrasi, director wesainzi weSORA Institute Günther Ogris akaendesa zvirevo zvitanhatu zvekusimbisa hutongi muAustria. Dzidzo, kuzivikanwa kwenhoroondo, kunaka kwemasangano ezvematongerwo enyika uye vezvenhau, kururamisira munharaunda, asi zvakare ruremekedzo uye kuonga mukati mehuwandu hwevanhu vanoita basa rakakura mune izvi.
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INFO: Iyi mitanhatu inotevera yekusimbisa demokrasi yekukurukura,
naGünther Ogris, www.sora.at
dzidzo urongwa: Dzidzo inoita basa rakakosha mukusununguka. Chikoro chinogona kusimbisa kugona kwezvematongerwo enyika, kureva hunyanzvi hwekudzidzisa, kukurukura uye kutora chikamu. Iri basa rakakamurwa kuita nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzezvidzidzo uye rinofanira kusimbiswa sechinangwa mukuenderera mberi kwekuvandudza dzidzo.
pfungwa kare: Iko kusangana uye kuratidzwa kwenhoroondo yako pachako inosimbisa tsika yezvematongerwo enyika yakasununguka, kugona kubata nenzira inovaka nemhirizhonga uye kusiyana. Izvi zvinogoneka zvinogona kushandiswa nekuwedzera kusimbisa kudzidzisa kwenhoroondo dzanhasi mumarudzi ese ezvikoro.
Masangano ezvematongerwo enyika: Masangano ezvematongerwo enyika uye ezvematongerwo enyika anofanirwa kugara achiwongorora hukama hwavo nevagari: Izvo zvinokwanisika uye zvine musoro kuitisa kana kusimbisa kutora chikamu, pazvinofanirwa kuvandudza mumwe mufananidzo, papi panogona kuvimba ?
vezvenhau: Vezvenhau, pamwe nehurongwa hwematongerwo enyika, vari mudambudziko rekuvimba. Panguva imwecheteyo, iyo nzira iyo vatori venhau vanotaura nayo nezvematongerwo enyika, hurukuro uye kukanganiswa, pamwe nekudyidzana kwemasangano, kune hukama hwakakosha mutsika yezvematongerwo enyika. Izvo zvakakosha kuti uongorore uye utsvage nzira nyowani dzekutapa venhau kushandisa zvese basa ravo rekutonga uye kuvandudza hwaro hwekuvimba nebasa ravo, iro rinoshanda chete pane demokrasi.
The vagari: Kusiyana nevaraidzo, zvematongerwo enyika zvinowanzo kuve zvakaoma uye zvinopedza simba. Asi, pakupedzisira, zvinoenderana nevagari uye nhaurirano dzavo pamusoro pekuti demokrasi yedu inoitika sei: kudyidzana kwehurumende nekushora, kutarisa uye zviyero, hukama huri pakati pematare nemakurukota, vezvenhau nezvematongerwo enyika, hune simba uye hukama.
Ruramisiro yemagariro, kukoshesa uye kuremekedza: Kutuka, kunyanya nekuwedzera kusarongeka kwevanhu asiwo nekusaonga uye kuremekedza, zviratidziro zvekutsvagira, zvine simba rakashata pane tsika yezvematongerwo enyika. Vaya vagari vanoda kutsigira nekusimbisa democracy saka nhasi vanosanganawo nemubvunzo wekuti runyararo rwevanhu, kukudzwa neruremekedzo zvinosimbiswa sei munharaunda.
Photo / Video: Shutterstock.
