Nyika iri kuita zviri nani, kwete zvakanyanya!

Mumazana emakore apfuura, huwandu hwenyika hwawedzera zvakanyanya kune vanhu vanopfuura mabhiriyoni manomwe. Pakati pe1900 ne2000, kuwedzera kwacho kwakawedzera katatu kupfuura zvese munhoroondo yevanhu zvisati zvaitika - kuwedzera kwe1,5 kune vanhu 6,1 bhiriyoni mumakore achangobva 100. Asi kunyangwe pano pane zvakanaka zvirikuitika kuti ucherechedze. Semuenzaniso, iyo yegore yekukura chiyero (chati) ye2,1 muzana yakatowira kune 1,2 muzana (2015). Kufungidzira kunotaura kwekudonha kwakakosha kune 0,1 muzana kusvika pagore 2100. Kwehafu yekupedzisira yezana-zana, isu tinorarama munyika umo huwandu hwevanhu huri kuderera. Pasinei neizvi, huwandu hwenyika hwese hwe2100 huri kushaisa simba kumabhiriyoni e11,2 bhiriyoni, mushure meizvozvo kuderera kwehuwandu hwepasi rose kunoratidzika kunge kunogoneka.

Hupenyu hwehupenyu hunowedzera nekukasira kubva pakuvhenekerwa. Mukutanga 19. Muzana ramakore re19, rakatanga kuwedzera munyika dzakasimukira, dzichiramba dzakaderera mune dzimwe nyika. Mumakumi emakore apfuura, kusaenzana kwepasi rose kwakaderera. Kubva pagore 1900, huwandu hwepakati hwehupenyu hwehupenyu (graphic) hwakawedzera kakapetwa kaviri uye ikozvino hwakamira pakatenderera makore e70.

Mucherechedzo wehutano kunguva yehupenyu nezera. 1845 yakanga ichine misiyano yakakosha: tarisiro yehupenyu hwevachangozvarwa yaive 40 makore uye 70 ane makore 79 makore. Nhasi, huwandu uhwu hwakanyanya kuderera - kubva ku81 kusvika ku86. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti mukana wekufa uchiri mudiki wakaramba wakatsiga. Kuenzana kwehupenyu kwakawedzera kune vanhu vese.

Mu1820, pakanga paine vanhu vangangoita mabhiriyoni e1,1 munyika, avo vazhinji vanopfuura 1 bhiriyoni vaigara muhurombo hwakanyanya (pasi pe1.90 madhora pazuva). Kubva nezve 1970, isu tinogara munyika umo huwandu hwevasina varombo huri kuwedzera, nepo huwandu hwevarombo huri kuderera zvakanyanya. 1970 2,2 bhiriyoni vanhu vaigara muhurombo hwakanyanya, 2015 yaive ichiri 705 mamirioni, vangangosvika masere muzana muzana wepasi rose. Kufungidzira kweUN kunoratidza kuwedzera kudonha kusvika panosvika mana muzana pagore 2030.

United Nations "Hunger Indicator" inoyesa huwandu hwehuwandu hwevanhu vanoshandisa huwandu husina kukwana hwekoriori hwaizodiwa kuzadzisa izvo zvinodiwa simba zvehupenyu hunoshanda uye hune hutano. Iko kune mashoma data kubva pamberi pe1990. Nekudaro, kunyangwe pano, pane maitiro akajeka. Maererano nedatha yazvino kubva kuWelthunderhilfe, 795 mamirioni vanhu pasi rese (2015) ari kukanganiswa nenzara.

Mumakore ekupedzisira e200, kwave nekukwira zvishoma zvishoma mumadhimoni, mazhinji achidzokera kuhutongi pamberi peHondo yechipiri yenyika. Kubva pa1945 iyo nhamba yakakura zvakare, kusvikira yapotsa yakapetwa pakati pe1989 ne1992 uye yakasvika padanho repamusoro re2009 democracies kutanga kubva ku89. Iyo grafu inoratidza huwandu hwevanhu huwandu maererano nehurongwa hwezvematongerwo enyika. Mazano anokanganisa anofunga kuti chete 12,5 muzana yehuwandu hwepasi rose vanogara mune yakazara democracy.

Pave paine kufambira mberi kukuru mune zvedzidzo: Vanga vari 1800 vachiri 88 muzana vasingagoni kuverenga, nhamba iyi 2014 yadonha kusvika 15 muzana. Nekudaro, kuchine nyika dzakatenderedza 30 muzana neNigeria, semuenzaniso. Chikamu chedzidzo chakakwira zvakaipisisa: iyo graph inoratidza iyo yakakodzera chikoro mhando zvichienderana nehuwandu hwakazara (iyo wimbi zvakare inoratidza kuvandudza kwehuwandu hwevanhu vepasi) kusanganisira iyo IIASA fungidziro kusvika pagore 2100.