Vapfumi nemamiriro ekunze

Vanhu vane chimiro chepamusoro chemagariro nehupfumi vane pesvedzero yakakura zvisingaite pakuburitswa kwegasi regreenhouse. Zvakananga kuburikidza nekushandisa kwavo uye zvisina kunanga kuburikidza nemikana yavo yemari neyemagariro. Zvakadaro, matanho ekudzivirira mamiriro ekunze haana kunyanyonangana neboka iri revanhu uye mikana yezvirongwa zvakadaro haisati yaongororwa. Matanho ekudzivirira emamiriro ekunze anofanirwa kuve nechinangwa chekudzikisa kuburitswa kwegasi regreenhouse kwevakakwirira. Pasinei nemaitiro api anosarudzwa, angave kunyengetedza uye kunyengetedza kana matanho ezvematongerwo enyika uye emitero, basa revakuru ava nekushandiswa kwavo kwepamusoro uye simba ravo rezvematongerwo enyika uye rezvemari rekudzivisa kana kukurudzira kururamisira kwemamiriro ekunze rinofanira kuiswa. Masayendisiti mashanu kubva kuminda ye psychology, tsvakiridzo yekusimudzira, tsvakiridzo yemamiriro ekunze, sociology uye tsvagiridzo yezvakatipoteredza nguva pfupi yadarika yakaburitsa chinyorwa mujenari nature simba (1). "Chimiro chepamusoro chehupfumi nehupfumi" chinotsanangurwa sei? Zvikurukuru kuburikidza nemari uye upfumi. Muhoro uye hupfumi zvinonyanya kuratidza chimiro uye pesvedzero munzanga, uye zvine zvazvinoita pakugona kushandisa. Asi vanhu vane chinzvimbo chepamusoro chezvemagariro nehupfumi vanewo pesvedzero pakuburitswa kwegasi regreenhouse kuburikidza nemabasa avo sevaisimari, sevagari vemunyika, senhengo dzemasangano nemasangano uye semienzaniso yemagariro.

Kuburitswa kwakawanda kunokonzerwa nevakuru

Iyo yakapfuma 1 muzana inokonzeresa 15 muzana yehutsi hune chekuita nekushandisa. Varombo zvikuru vane 50 muzana, kune rumwe rutivi, pamwe chete vanoparira hafu bedzi, inova 7 muzana. Vazhinji-vakapfuma zvikuru vane midziyo inodarika madhora 50 miriyoni vanoshandisa majeti ega ega kufamba pakati penzvimbo dzakawanda dzekugara pasirese vane yakakwira kabhoni tsoka. Panguva imwecheteyo, vanhu ava vachange vanyanya kukanganiswa nemhedzisiro yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Zvidzidzo zvakare zvinoratidza kuti kusaenzana kukuru munharaunda mukati menyika kunowanzo kusanganiswa nekubuda kwegasi regreenhouse uye kushomeka. Izvi zvinokonzerwa kune rumwe rutivi kudyiwa kwevanhu ava vane zvigaro zvepamusoro uye kune rumwe rutivi kune simba ravo mune zvematongerwo enyika. Mhando nhatu dzekushandisa dzinokonzeresa kuburitsa gasi regreenhouse kwevapfumi uye vakapfuma zvakanyanya: kufamba nendege, mota uye zvivakwa.

Ndege

 Pamhando dzose dzekushandisa, kubhururuka ndiko kunonyanya kushandiswa kwesimba. Kuwanda kwemari, ndiko kuwedzera kwezvinobuda mukufamba nendege. Uye zvakapesana: Hafu yezvese zvinobuda pasi rose kubva mukufamba nendege zvinokonzerwa neakapfuma muzana (ona zvakare iyi post) Uye kudai vapfumi muzana muzana muEurope vaizorega kufamba nendege zvachose, vanhu ava vaizochengetedza 40 muzana yemhepo yavanobudisa. Global air traffic inoburitsa yakawanda CO2 mumhepo kupfuura Germany yese. Vapfumi uye vane simba vanowanzo tungamira hupenyu hwe hypermobile uye kufamba nendege vari pachivande uye nehunyanzvi. Zvimwe nekuti mari yavanowana inovabvumira, pamwe nekuti ndege dzinobhadharwa nekambani, kana zvimwe nekuti kirasi yebhizinesi rekubhururuka chikamu chechimiro chavo. Vanyori vanonyora kuti tsvakiridzo diki yakaitwa pamusoro pekuti "purasitiki", kureva kuti, maitiro aya ekufambisa anopesvedzera sei, yakatsvakwa. Kune vanyori, kushandura magariro akatenderedza hypermobility iyi inoita seyakakosha lever yekudzikisa kuburitswa kubva munzvimbo ino. Vanogara nendege vanowanzo dzikisa nhamba yendege dzavo pane vanhu vanogona kubhuka ndege kamwe chete pagore kuti vashanyire mhuri dzavo.

Motokari

 Mota dzemotokari, kureva mota, dzinotora chikamu chikuru chekuburitswa kwemunhu muUSA uye yechipiri pakukura muEurope. Kune maemitter makuru e CO2 emissions (zvakare chikamu chimwe chete muzana), CO2 kubva mumotokari inoita chikamu chimwe muzvishanu chehutsi hwavo. Kuchinjira kune zvifambiso zveveruzhinji, kufamba uye kuchovha bhasikoro kune mukana mukuru wekudzikisa izvi zvinobuda zvine chekuita nemigwagwa. Mhedzisiro yekuchinjira kumotokari dzinofambiswa nebhatiri inoongororwa zvakasiyana, asi mune chero mamiriro ezvinhu inowedzera kana kugadzirwa kwemagetsi kuchiitwa decarbonised. Vanhu vane mari yakawanda vanogona kutungamira shanduko iyi kune e-mobility sezvo vari ivo vanonyanya kutenga mota nyowani. Nekufamba kwenguva, e-mota dzaizosvikawo pamusika wemotokari dzakashandiswa. Asi kuti kudzikame kudziya kwepasi, varidzi uye kushandiswa kwemotokari kunofanirwawo kurambidzwa. Vanyori vanosimbisa kuti kushandiswa uku kunoenderana zvakanyanya nezvivakwa zviripo, kureva kuti ingani nzvimbo inowanikwa kune vanofamba netsoka nevatyairi. Kana mari yacho yakakwira, vanhu vangangove vaine mota inorema inoburitsa mhepo yakawanda. Asi zvakare avo vanovavarira chinzvimbo munharaunda vanogona kuyedza kuva nemotokari yakadaro. Sekureva kwevanyori, vanhu vane chinzvimbo chepamusoro munharaunda vanogona kubatsira kumisikidza zviratidzo zvechimiro chitsva, semuenzaniso kugara munzvimbo inoshamwaridzana nevanofamba netsoka. Munguva yedenda razvino reCovid-19, kuburitswa kwakadzikira kwenguva pfupi. Kazhinji, kuderera uku kwakakonzerwa nekuderera kwemigwagwa, kwete nekuti vanhu vazhinji vaishanda kubva kumba. Uye mabasa apo izvi zvinogoneka ndeaya ane mari yakakwira.

The Villa

Imwe muzana inozivikanwa zvakare ine chekuita nechikamu chikuru chehutsi kubva muchikamu chekugara, icho 11 muzana. Vanhu ava vane dzimba hombe kana mafurati, vane dzimba dzekugara dzakati wandei uye vanoshandisa zvinhu zvemumba zvine simba rekushandisa zvakanyanya, zvakaita sepakati pemhepo inofefetera. Kune rumwe rutivi, vanhu vane mari yakawanda vane mikana yakawanda yekuderedza kubudiswa kwavo kuburikidza nematanho ane mari yekutanga, semuenzaniso kutsiva masisitimu ekudziya kana kuisa solar panels. Kuchinja kune simba rinogona kudzorerwa kune simba guru munzvimbo ino, rinoteverwa nekugadzirisa kwakawanda kuvandudza kushandiswa kwesimba uye kutendeuka kune midziyo yeimba inochengetedza simba. Matanho eruzhinji akanyatsorongeka anogonawo kuita kuti izvi zvikwanisike kudzimba dzine mari shoma. Parizvino, vanyori vanoti, zvidzidzo pamusoro pekuchinja kwemaitiro zvinosuruvarisa kuti zvakatarisana nemafambiro ane mukana wakaderera wekudzivirira kwemamiriro ekunze. (Kunyanya pakuchinja kwemaitiro kunotungamirira kune pakarepo kana kukurumidza kuitika, sekudzosa thermostat yekupisa [2].) Zvakawanikwa zviripo pamusoro pesimba remamiriro ehupfumi hwevanhu pane zvingaita zvekuchinja kwemaitiro zvinosiyana. Vanhu vane mihoro yepamusoro uye dzidzo yepamusoro vangango wedzera mari muzviyero zvekuvandudza simba remagetsi kana kuti mune zvehunyanzvi tekinoroji, asi havazoshandisa simba shoma. Nekudaro, sezvandakataura, vanhu vane mihoro yakakwira vaizova nani sarudzokuderedza utsi hwavo. Zvakaitika pari zvino zvinoratidza kuti CO2 mitero haina kumbobvira yakanganisa kudyiwa kwemhuri dzine mari yakawanda nekuti iyi mari yekuwedzera haina basa mubhajeti ravo. Kune rumwe rutivi, mhuri dzine mari shoma dzinoremerwa zvikuru nemitero yakadaro [3]. Matanho ezvematongerwo enyika ayo, semuenzaniso, anobatsira kudzikisira mitengo yekutora angangove ane hupfumi. Nzvimbo yekugara yemhando yepamusoro inogona kuwedzera kana kuderedza kuburitswa kwegasi regreenhouse. Kugara muguta rinodhura, rine vanhu vakawanda, uko dzimba dzekugara dziri diki, kwakachipa pane kugara kunze kweguta, uko dzimba dzekugara dzakakura uye uko nzendo zhinji dzinoitwa nemotokari. Vanyori vanosimbisa kuti maitiro evatengi haangogadziriswi chete nezvisarudzo zvine musoro, asiwo nemaitiro, tsika dzemagariro, zviitiko uye zvido. Mitengo inogona kuve nzira yekupesvedzera maitiro evatengi, asi nzira dzekushandura magariro emagariro kana kutyora maitiro anogona zvakare kushanda zvakanyanya.

The portfolio

 Iyo yepamusoro muzana, hongu, inodyara zvakanyanya mumasheya, mabhondi, makambani, uye real estate. Kana vanhu ava vakachinja mari yavo kumakambani akaderera-kabhoni, vanogona kutyaira shanduko yezvimiro. Kuisa mari mumafuta efossil, kune rumwe rutivi, kunonotsa kudzikiswa kwehutsi. Bato rekubvisa mari kumaindasitiri emafuta efossil ranyanya kubva kumayunivhesiti epamusoro, machechi nedzimwe homwe dzepenjeni. Vanhu vane chinzvimbo chepamusoro chezvemagariro nehupfumi vanogona kupesvedzera masangano akadai kuti atore kana kuvhiringidza kuyedza uku, sezvo vaine zvimwe zvinzvimbo mumitumbi inotungamira, asiwo kuburikidza nehukama hwavo husina kurongwa nehukama. Sezviratidzo zvekuchinja kwetsika dzemagariro, vanyori vanoona kuwedzera kwenhamba ye "girinhi" yekudyara mari uye mutemo mutsva weEU unosungira mamaneja ekudyara kuburitsa pachena matorero avanoita zvinhu zvekusimudzira mubasa ravo rekuraira kune vanoisa mari. Mari yakanangana nemaindasitiri akaderera-emission zvakare inofambisa shanduko yehunhu nekuti inoita kuti zvive nyore uye nekudaro zvakachipa kune vanoisa mari kuti vazive nezve emission mhedzisiro yekudyara kwakasiyana. Vanyori vanotenda kuti kuedza kusimudzira kudyara kwemamiriro ekunze kunofanirwa kutariswa zvakanyanya pamakirasi emari yepamusoro, sezvo ivo vachidzora chikamu chikuru chemusika uye kusvika parizvino vanga vasingadi kuchinja maitiro avo kana, mune dzimwe nguva, kuchinja. vakashinga vakamira.

The celebrities

 Kusvika pari zvino, vanhu vane hupfumi hwemagariro evanhu vakawedzera kuburitsa gasi regreenhouse. Asi vaigonawo kubatsira pakudzivirira mamiriro okunze, sezvo vane pesvedzero huru semienzaniso. Mazano ezvemagariro nemagariro ezvinoita hupenyu hwakanaka anobva pazviri. Semuenzaniso, vanyori vanotaura kuti kufarirwa kwemotokari dzakasanganiswa uye gare gare zvizere zvemagetsi zvakatyairwa nevakakurumbira vakatenga motokari dzakadaro. Veganism yakawanawo mukurumbira nekuda kwevanozivikanwa. Mhemberero dzakakwana dzeGolden Globe dze2020 dzingadai dzakabatsira zvakanyanya kune izvi. Asi chokwadi vanhu vane chimiro chepamusoro vanogonawo kubatsira mukubatanidzwa kwemaitiro aripo nekuratidza kushandiswa kwavo kwakanyanya uye nokudaro kusimbisa basa rekushandisa sechiratidzo chechimiro. Kuburikidza nerutsigiro rwavo rwemari nerwemagariro rwemapato ezvematongerwo enyika, kufunga matangi kana masangano ekutsvagisa, vanhu vane chinzvimbo chepamusoro vanogona kukanganisa kana kukanganisa nhaurirano yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, pamwe nekubatana kwavo nemasangano ane simba akadai semayunivhesiti epamusoro. Sezvo kune vanokunda uye vanorasikirwa mumatanho ekudzivirira kwemamiriro ekunze, sekureva kwevanyori, vanhu vepamusoro vanogona kushandisa simba ravo kuumba kuedza kwakadaro kuti vabatsirwe.

Iwo ma CEO

 Nekuda kwechinzvimbo chavo chehunyanzvi, vanhu vane chinzvimbo chepamusoro chezvehupfumi nemagariro vane simba risingaenzaniswi pakuburitswa kwemakambani nemasangano, kune rimwe divi zvakananga sevaridzi, nhengo dzebhodhi revatariri, maneja kana vanachipangamazano, kune rimwe divi zvisina kunanga nekuderedza. kuburitswa kwevanopa vanotengesa, Kurudzira vatengi uye vakwikwidzi. Mumakore achangopfuura, masangano mazhinji akazvimirira akaisa zvinangwa zvemamiriro ekunze kana kuita nhamburiko dzekubvisa cheni dzavo dzekugovera. Mune dzimwe nyika, zvirongwa zvepachivande nemakambani nemasangano zvakafambira mberi zvakanyanya maererano nekuchengetedzwa kwemamiriro ekunze kupfuura nyika. Makambani zvakare anogadzira uye kushambadza zvigadzirwa zvinoenderana nemamiriro ekunze. Nhengo dzeElite dzinoitawo semamiriro ekunze philanthropists. Semuyenzaniso, iyo C40 Cities mamiriro ekunze network yakabhadharwa kubva kumidziyo yemunhu aimbova meya weNew York [4]. Basa rekupa rubatsiro rwekuchengetedza mamiriro ekunze, zvisinei, rine gakava. Pachine tsvakurudzo shoma pamusoro pekuti vanhu vane hupfumi hwemagariro evanhu vanoshandisa sei mikana yavo yekuchinja, uye kuti zvirongwa zvinonangana nekirasi iyi zvakananga zvinogona kuwedzera simba ravo rekuchinja. Sezvo nhengo zhinji dzevakakwirira dzichiwana mari yadzo kubva mukudyara, vanogona zvakare kuve masosi ekupokana nekuchinja kana vakaona purofiti yavo kana chimiro chavo panjodzi kubva kune shanduko dzakadaro.

The lobby

Vanhu vanopesvedzera kuburitswa kwegasi regreenhouse padanho rehurumende kuburikidza nesarudzo, kukwezva uye kutora chikamu mukufamba kwevanhu. Manetiweki haasi epamusoro pezana, asi epamusoro Chegumi kubva muzana kuumba musimboti wesimba rezvematongerwo enyika nerehupfumi, pasi rose uye munyika zhinji. Vanhu vane chinzvimbo chepamusoro chemagariro nehupfumi vane simba rakakura risingaenzaniswi mubasa ravo sevagari vemunyika. Iwe uchave nekuwana zvirinani kune vanoita sarudzo mumakambani akazvimirira uye munharaunda yeruzhinji. Zviwanikwa zvavo zvemari zvinovagonesa kuwedzera simba ravo pamapoka aya kuburikidza nemipiro yekukurudzira mapoka, vezvematongerwo enyika nemafambisirwo emagariro uye kusimudzira kana kuvharira shanduko munharaunda. Hurongwa hwesimba renyika hunopesvedzerwa zvakanyanya nekukurudzira. Chiverengero chiduku zvikuru chevanhu vane simba zvikuru vane pesvedzero huru pazvisarudzo. Kuita kwezvematongerwo enyika kwevakuru kusvika pari zvino chave chipingamupinyi chakasimba chekuita kuti ive nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Muchikamu chemagetsi, kukwezva kwezvematongerwo enyika pamwe nekupesvedzera maonero everuzhinji kwabva kuchikamu chemafuta ezvicherwa, vachifarira mitemo inosimbisa kugadzirwa uye kushandiswa kwemafuta ezvicherwa. Semuyenzaniso, mabhirioni maviri emafuta [5] ane simba guru pahurukuro yezvematongerwo enyika muUS kwemakumi emakore uye akaisundira kurudyi, izvo zvakafarira kusimuka kwevezvematongerwo enyika vanotsigira mitero yakaderera, vanopokana nekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza uye kuchengetedzwa kwemamiriro ekunze, uye vanowanzo fungira hurumende dzematunhu Kufurira vari. Makambani emagetsi anovandudzwa uye mamwe angazobatsirikana kubva kune remangwana rakashongedzwa anogona kupokana neizvi pesvedzero, asi kuita kwavo kusvika parizvino kwave kushoma.

Chii chichiri kuda kuongororwa

Mumhedziso yavo, vanyori vanodoma mapundu matatu makuru ekutsvagisa: Chekutanga, maitiro ekushandisa evakuru anogona kupesvedzera sei, kunyanya nezvekufamba nendege, mota nedzimba? Icho chokwadi chekuti mhedzisiro yakaipa yekubhururuka haina mutengo inotsigira yakananga yevakapfuma, sezvo ivo vane mhosva ye50 muzana yekubuda kwendege. Mutero wemutsetse weCO2 ungangove uine chekuita zvishoma pamaitiro ekushandisa kwevapfumi. Mutero wenguva dzose wendege, unowedzera nehuwandu hwendege, unogona kushanda zvakanyanya. Mutero unofambira mberi wemari yakawanda uye hupfumi hukuru hunogona kuve nemhedzisiro yakanaka kune mamiriro ekunze. Izvi zvinogona kuderedza kushandiswa kwemukurumbira. Misiyano yezvimiro yaizochengetedzwa: vapfumi vaizove vachiri vakapfuma, asi havangazove vakapfuma zvakanyanya kupfuura varombo. Izvi zvinoderedza kusaenzana munzanga uye kuderedza kupesvedzera kusingaenzaniswi kwevakuru mune zvematongerwo enyika. Asi mikana iyi ichiri kuda kuongororwa zvirinani, sekureva kwevanyori. Yechipiri gaka rekutsvagisa rine chekuita nebasa revanhu vane chinzvimbo chepamusoro chemagariro nehupfumi mumakambani. Vanhu vakadai vanosvika papi pakukwanisa kushandura tsika dzemakambani uye sarudzo dzemakambani munzira yekudzikisa hutsi, uye ndeipi miganhu yavo? Vanyori vanoratidza gwanza rechitatu rekutsvagisa, kuti rudzi rwepesvedzero inoitwa nevanhu vane chinzvimbo chepamusoro chezvemagariro nehupfumi hunokanganisa zvematongerwo enyika, zvinoti kuburikidza nehupfumi hwavo hwezvematongerwo enyika, pesvedzero yavo pamakambani nemasangano, uye kuburikidza nerutsigiro rwemari rwekukurudzira uye mishandirapamwe yezvematongerwo enyika. Ava vakuru kusvika parizvino vakabatsirikana zvakanyanya kubva kune zvazvino zvematongerwo enyika uye zvehupfumi zvimiro, uye pane humwe humbowo hwekuti altruism inodzikira nehupfumi hwepamusoro. Ndezvekunzwisisa kuti vanhu vepamusoro vakasiyana sei vari kushandisa simba ravo kusimudzira kana kutadzisa kukurumidza decarbonization. Mukupedzisa, vanyori vanosimbisa kuti vakuru vane hutano hwepamusoro-soro hwehupfumi hunonyanya kukonzera kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uye kukanganisa kunokonzera. Asi zvinzvimbo zvesimba zvavanazvo zvaizoitawo kuti vashande mukuderedza kuburitswa kwegasi regreenhouse nekudaro kuderedza kukanganiswa kwemamiriro ekunze. Vanyori havadi kubvunza basa revanhu vasiri vepamusoro-soro mukurwisana nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, uye vanosimbisawo mabasa evanhu vemunharaunda uye vagari vemo. Asi mukuferefeta uku vanotarisa kune avo vakakonzera mazhinji ematambudziko. Hapana zano rimwechete rinogona kugadzirisa dambudziko, uye zviito zvevakuru zvinogona kuva nemhedzisiro yakakura. Imwe tsvakiridzo yekuti maitiro evakuru anogona kushandurwa sei saka yakakosha.

Zvinyorwa, zvinyorwa

1 Nielsen, Kristian S .; Nicholas, Kimberly A.; Creutzig, Ferikisi; Dietz, Thomas; Stern, Paul C. (2021): Basa repamusoro-socioeconomic-status vanhu mukuvhara mukati kana kukurumidza kuderedza simba rinofambiswa nemhepo inopisa gasi. Mu: Nat Energy 6 (11), mapeji 1011-1016. DOI: 10.1038 / s41560-021-00900-y   2 Nielsen KS, Clayton S, Stern PC, Dietz T, Capstick S, Whitmarsh L (2021): Maitiro epfungwa anogona kubatsira kuderedza kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Am Psychol. 2021 Jan; 76 [1]: 130-144. doi: 10.1037 / amp0000624   3 Vanyori vanonongedzera pano kumitero yakatsetseka pasina kuperekedza nhanho dzekuripa sebhonasi yemamiriro ekunze. 4 Michael Bloomberg zvinoreva, cf. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C40_Cities_Climate_Leadership_Group 5 Zvinoreva hama dzaKoch, cf. Skocpol, T., & Hertel-Fernandez, A. (2016). Iyo Koch Network uye Republican Party Extremism. Maonero ezvematongerwo enyika, 14 (3), 681-699. doi: 10.1017 / S1537592716001122