Iyo yemauto kabhoni tsoka: 2% yepasi rose emissions

naMartin Auer

Dai mauto epasi rose aive nyika, angadai aine yechina yakakura kabhoni tsoka, yakakura kupfuura iyo yeRussia. Ongororo itsva yakaitwa naStuart Parkinson (Masayendisiti eMutoro Wepasi Pose, SGR) naLinsey Cottrell (Conflict and Environment Observatory, CEOBS) inoona kuti ingangoita 2% yepasi rose CO5,5 emissions inokonzerwa nemauto enyika.1.

Military greenhouse gasi emissions data kazhinji haina kukwana, yakavanzika muzvikamu zvakajairika, kana kusaunganidzwa zvachose. Scientists for Future vapfuura dambudziko iri zvakatotaurwa. Pane mikaha mikuru mumishumo yenyika maererano neUNFCCC Framework Convention on Climate Change. Izvi, vanyori vechidzidzo vanotenda, ndicho chimwe chikonzero nei sainzi yemamiriro ekunze isingatarise chinhu ichi. Mumushumo wazvino weIPCC, wechitanhatu wekuongorora, kubatsira kwemauto mukushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze hakuna kumbotariswa.

Kuratidza kukosha kwedambudziko, chidzidzo chinoshandisa data iripo kubva kunhamba diki yenyika kuti infer yakazara yemauto greenhouse magasi. Yakabatana neizvi itarisiro yekutanga zvidzidzo zvakawanda uye zvakadzama kutenderera pasirese, pamwe nekuedza kuderedza kuburitswa kwemauto egreenhouse gasi.

Kuti ndikupe iwe zano rekuti vanotsvagisa kubva kuSGR neCEOBS vakauya sei kune avo mhedzisiro, heino hutsinye hwemaitiro. Tsanangudzo yakadzama inogona kuwanikwa pano pano.

Data shoma rinowanikwa pakuburitswa kwegasi regreenhouse kuUS, UK nedzimwe nyika dzeEU. Zvimwe zvacho zvakaziviswa zvakananga nevakuru vemauto, vamwe kuburikidza tsvakurudzo yakazvimirira kutsunga.

Vatsvakurudzi vakatora nhamba yevarwi vanoshingaira munyika imwe neimwe kana dunhu renyika sekutanga. Izvi zvinounganidzwa gore negore neInternational Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS).

Nhamba dzinovimbika zvishoma pazvinobuda mumhepo (kureva kubva kumabharaki, mahofisi, nzvimbo dzedata, nezvimwewo) pamunhu wese dzinowanikwa kubva kuUSA, Great Britain neGermany. KuGreat Britain ndiko 5 t CO2e pagore, kuGermany 5,1 t CO2e uye kuUSA 12,9 t CO2e. Sezvo nyika nhatu idzi pamwe chete dzatove nemhosva ye45% yekushandiswa kwemauto epasi rose, vaongorori vanoona iyi data sechikonzero chinoshanda chekuwedzera kubva. Kufungidzira uku kunosanganisira dhigirii rakasiyana remaindasitiri, kugovaniswa kwemafosil mukushandiswa kwesimba, uye huwandu hwezvigaro zvemauto munzvimbo dzine mamiriro ekunze akanyanya anoda simba rakawanda rekudziya kana kutonhora. Mhedzisiro yeUSA inoonekwawo seyakajairika kuCanada, Russia neUkraine. 9 t CO2e pamunhu inofungidzirwa kuAsia neOceania, pamwe nekuMiddle East neNorth Africa. 5 t CO2e inofungidzirwa kuEurope neLatin America uye 2,5 t CO2e pamunhu uye gore kusub-Saharan Africa. Nhamba idzi dzinobva dzawedzerwa nenhamba yevarwi vanoshingaira munharaunda imwe neimwe.

Kune dzimwe nyika dzakakosha munhu anogonawo kuwana reshiyo yezvinobuda mumhepo kune zvinoburitswa nenharembozha, kureva zvinobuda mundege, ngarava, zvikepe zvepasi pemvura, mota dzepanyika nechitundumuseremusere. Semuenzaniso, kuGermany kuburitswa kwenharembozha kunongori makumi manomwe muzana ezvakamira, nepo kuUK kuburitswa kwenharembozha kuri 70% yezvakamira. Iyo yakamira emissions inogona kuwanzwa nechinhu ichi.

Mupiro wekupedzisira ndeyekubuda kubva mumaketani ekupa, i.e. kubva pakugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvehondo, kubva kune zvombo kusvika kumotokari kusvika kune zvivakwa uye yunifomu. Pano, vatsvakurudzi vakakwanisa kuvimba nemashoko kubva kune dzimwe nyika makambani ezvombo zveThales neFincantieri, somuenzaniso. Pamusoro pezvo, kune huwandu hwehuwandu hwehupfumi hunoratidza huwandu hwehutsi hwekushanda kune zvinoburitswa kubva mumaketani ekupa kunzvimbo dzakasiyana. Vatsvagiri vanofungidzira kuti kuburitswa kubva mukugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvemauto kwakapetwa ka5,8 zvakakwirira kupfuura kuburitswa kwemauto.

Sekureva kweongororo iyi, izvi zvinokonzeresa kutsika kwekabhoni kumauto ari pakati pe2 ne1.644 miriyoni matani eCO3.484e, kana pakati pe2% ne3,3% yepasi rose.

Huwandu uhu haubatanidzi kuburitswa kwegasi regreenhouse kubva muhondo senge moto, kukuvadzwa kwezvivakwa uye zvisikwa, kuvaka patsva uye kurapwa kwevanopona.

Vatsvagiri vanosimbisa kuti kuburitswa kwemauto kuri pakati peizvo izvo hurumende inogona kupesvedzera zvakananga kuburikidza nekushandisa kwayo muchiuto, asiwo kuburikidza nemirairo. Kuti uite izvi, zvisinei, kubudiswa kwemauto kunofanira kutanga kuyerwa. Iyo CEOBS ine a Framework yekurekodha kubuda kwemauto pasi peUNFCCC zvakashanda .

Title montage: Martin Auer

1 Parkinson, Stuart; Cottrell; Linsey (2022): Kufungidzira Military's Global Greenhouse Gasi Emissions. Lancaster, Mytholmroyd. https://ceobs.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/SGRCEOBS-Estimating_Global_MIlitary_GHG_Emissions_Nov22_rev.pdf