Sonja Bettel
"Zvinotarisirwa kuti nyama yakachena inogonawo kuve yakagwinya pane yakasikwa nyama."
MunaAugust 2013 muLondon pamberi pemakamera uye pamberi pevatapi venhau ve200 iyo yakanyanya kudhura burger yakavezwa uye yakaravira. 250.000 mapaundi, yainzi panguva iyoyo, yaidhura zvingwa zvakarungwa nenyama. Kwete nekuti yakabva kumombe yekwaKobe yaive yakarambidzwa kufa, asi nekuda kwekuti boka revasayendisiti vechiDutch rakashanda kwemakore akati wandei kuviga ichi chidimbu chemombe mumabara. Ivo vanoda kushandura kugadzirwa kwenyama kweramangwana uye kuchengetedza hupenyu papasi repasi. Mumakore mashoma, hamburger inogadzirwa kubva kune yakaomeswa nyama yemombe inogona kungobhadhara euros gumi kana mashoma uye kuravira sezvatakajairwa.
yakachena nyama: nyama yokuisira kubva kuPetri mundiro
Pfungwa yekukwidza nyama mundiro yePetri yaive yatogadzirwa nemutungamiriri weBritish, Winston Churchill. Muna Zvita 1931 akafungidzira mune imwe nyaya iri mu "Strand Magazine" nezveramangwana: Hazvina musoro kuti isu tinosimudza huku yakazara, kana isu tichingoda chete kudya chipfuva kana gumbo, mumakore angangoita 50 isu taizokwanisa kubereka ivo pasvikiro. ,
Pakutanga kwe2000, muzvinabhizinesi anoshanda pamudyandigere, Willem van Ellen akakurudzira vaongorori kubva kuUniversity of Amsterdam, Eindhoven uye Utrecht nekambani yechiDutch nyama inogadzirisa mhuka kuti ibatanidze mukugadzira nyama ye vitro. Iyo InVitroMeat projekiti yakagashira mari yenyika kubva ku2004 kuenda ku2009. Mark Post, nyanzvi yemagetsi paYunivhesiti yeMaastricht, akafadzwa kwazvo nepfungwa iyi zvekuti akaomerera pazviri. Kudya kwekutanga kwekubika kwake murabhoritari munaAugust 2013 kwaipindwa nemutori venhau vekuUnited States Josh Schonwald uye nyanzvi yezvekudya muAustria uye muongorori wemamiriro ekudya anonzi Hanni Rützler.
Burger yaive yatove padyo padhuze nekuravira kwenyama yakakurirwa nyama, vakabvumirana, asi neimwe nzira yakaoma. Yakashaiwa mafuta, iyo inopa juicness uye flavour. Zvinotaridzika, iwe waisaona musiyano kune yakajairwa Faschiertem, kunyangwe kana uchigaya nyama uchiita sezvaunojaira. Yakanga yakaparadzirwa kubva kumunhu ega maseru ebovine mhasuru kwemavhiki pane mhinduro yemafuta mumabhodhoro erabhoritari.
Nezvakatipoteredza nehana
Asi nei kuedza kwakazara? Kune rumwe ruoko, nekuda kwezvikonzero zvekudzivirirwa kwezvakatipoteredza uye mamiriro ekunze. Kuti ugadzire kilogalamu imwe yemombe, unoda 15.000 marita emvura. Zvinoenderana nefungidziro neWorld Health Organisation, 70 muzana yepasi pekurima inoshandiswa kugadzira nyama, iyo inoreva 15 kusvika 20 muzana yemagreenhouse gasi. Pakazosvika gore 2050, kugadzirwa kwenyama kunogona kuwedzera pasi rese ne70 muzana, nekuti nekubudirira uye kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwevanhu hwenyika zvakare nzara yenyama inokura.
Kuna Kurt Schmidinger, muratidziri pa Kushamwaridzana kurwisa mafekitori emhuka uye musoro wekutanga "Chikafu chenguva yemberi - nyama isina mhuka yemombe"Chinhu chetsika chakakoshawo zvakafanana:" Pasi rese, anopfuura 65 mabhiriyoni emhuka anourawa gore rega rega nekuda kweutano. Kuti agadzire imwe calorie yenyama, makoriyori manomwe ezvekudya kwemhuka anofanirwa kushandiswa uye huwandu hukuru hwemarara uye mvura ine tsvina inogadzirwa. ”Chikafu chakangobikwa chirimwa chinogadzirwa naKurtt Schmidinger nekudaro chinogona kupa vanhu vakawanda kutarisirwa, kudzivirira kutambudzika kwemhuka nekuchengetedza zvakatipoteredza. Nekudaro, Kurt Schmidinger, uyo akadzidza geophysics uye anoshanda mu IT indasitiri, anoona zvinhu: "Tatova mumakore e90, ndakafunga kuti zvingave zvakanaka kuve nekugona kubereka nyama kuvanhu vasingade kuita kunze kwayo "Nguva nenguva aitsvaga mikana yakadaro, asi hazvina kusvika 2008 iyo yekutanga mu vitro nyama congress yakaitika muNorway.
Schmidinger akaunganidza ruzivo uye akanyora bhuku remazano kuDhipatimendi reSainzi Chikafu paYunivhesiti Yezvezvinhu Zvemagariro uye Hupenyu Masainzi. Pa webhusaiti futurefood.org inoburitsa dzimwe nzira dzekudya nyama, kusanganisira "nyama yakasarudzika" kana "nyama yakachena", sezvo in vitro nyama ikozvino inonzi nekuda kwezvikonzero zviri nani zvekutengesa.
Ruzhinji rwevatengi parizvino havana chokwadi nezve nyama kubva ku test tube kana kuiramba zvachose. Nekudaro, izvi zvinogona kuchinja sezvo musika wekutanga uchinge uchioneka zvakanyanya uye zvichizivikanwa nezvenzira dzekugadzira, kubatsira nekuravira kwenyama yakabikwa.
nyama yakachena - zviri nani uye zvakachipa
Pakutanga kwe2010, masayendisiti echiDutch akabudirira kekutanga mukukura huwandu hwakawanda hwetsandanyama kubva pamasumbu emombe. Dambudziko raive rekuti maseru emhanzi ari muchinhu chipenyu anowanzoda kurovedza muviri kuti akure zvakanaka. Iko kukwezva kwemasero nemaasges uye kufamba kwechimiro kwerabhoritari, zvisinei, kunodhura simba rakawanda. Zvichakadaro, ivo vanotsvaga vanogona kuburitsa nyama kunze myoblasts .
Zvinotarisirwa kuti "nyama yakachena" inoitwa zvakare nehutano pane hwepanyama nyama. Saka, zvinofungidzirwa kuti chikamu chemafuta chinoderedzwa kana kuwedzera muhutano iOmega 3 fatty acids. Uye zvakare, hutachiona munyama hunogona kudzivirirwa zvakanyanya pasina kana kushandisa mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya.
Asi zvinotora mamwe mashoma makore ekugadzira pane yakagadzirwa maindasitiri. Nekudaro, ivo veDutch research havasisiri kushanda voga mundima iyi. MuUS neIsrael, kutanga anotanga kushanda pane nzira dzekurima nyama nehove, Bill Gates, Sergey Brin naRichard Branson, kambani yokudya yemarudzi akawanda Cargill uye wechiGerman PHW Group (inosanganisira huku yeWiesenhof) akapa mamiriyoni emadhora nemaeuro pazviri. Mumwe anogona saka kufunga kuti nyama yakasimwa ine mukana wechikuru.
Kunyangwe kurimwa kwenyama kuchivandudza kana kunowedzera kuringana kwepasi kutongwa kucharatidzwa. Chero zvazvingave, kugadzirwa kwakatemwa kunogona kutarisirwa kumuongorori wechiDutch Mark Post: nharaunda dzaichengetedza uye dzichichengeta mhuka shoma, kubva padziri stem dzaizotorwa nguva nenguva, vozoshandisa kurima nyama mune chirimwa. Kuitira kusangana nezvinodiwa zvechitendero zvevaJudha kana maMuslim, mhuka inogona zvakare kuurayiwa, asi izvi zvinogona kushandiswa kurima yakawandisa ye kosher kana halal nyama.
Vegan: kudya kwenyika zvachose pasina kutambudzika kwemhuka?
Photo / Video: PA Wire.
