Zomwe zimapangitsa anthu kuthawa

Anthu a 60 miliyoni adasamutsidwa padziko lonse kumapeto kwa 2014, chaka chapitacho 51,2 miliyoni. Ku Austria, Ministry of the Interior ikuyembekeza mpaka nthawi za 2015 yofunsira zaka 80.000. - Kuchulukitsa kwakukulu kunayambitsidwa ndi nkhondo ku Syria. Ma Syria aku 7,6 mamiliyoni aku Syria othawa kwawo kudziko lawo, pafupifupi mamiliyoni a 3,9 asowa kwina kumayiko oyandikana - ena onse amabwera ku Europe. Koma palinso nkhondo zamayiko ena - kuphatikiza ndi Asuriya, othawa ku Afghanistan ndi Iraq amabwera ku Europe. Mfundo wamba: M'mikangano yonseyi, mayiko ena ali ndi manja awo pamasewera.

Anthu othawa kwawo: Zotsatira za zokonda za mafakitale

Ulamuliro wa wolamulira wankhanza waku Suriya Bashar al-Assad ukuperekedwa ndi zida ndi Russia. Mavuto aku Iraq ndikulimbikitsidwa kwa IS (Islamic State) ndizotsatira zachindunji za kampeni yomwe ikuchitika ku Iraq ndi Purezidenti wa US George Bush. "Katemera wamphamvu wopangidwa ndi kuwonongedwa kwa asirikali adadzazidwa ndi maofesi a Al Qaeda - ndizomwe lero Islamic State kapena IS idapangidwa," akutero katswiri wa Middle East Karin Kneissl.

"Zimakhala zowopsa kuwona kuti omwe amayambitsa kusamvana adzakhalabe osalangidwa."
António Guterres, Commissioner wa UN Refugee António Guterres

Mobwerezabwereza, mafuta amathandizira pa nkhondo, monga akuwunikira aphunzitsi a ku yunivesite Petros Sekeris (University of Portsmouth) ndi Vincenzo Bove (University of Warwick). Adasanthula kafukufuku wa mayiko a 69, pomwe panali nkhondo zapakati pa 1945 ndi 1999. Pazonse ziwiri mwa zitatu za mikangano, maiko akunja adachitapo kanthu, kuphatikiza Britain ku Nigeria (1967 mpaka 1970) kapena US ku Iraq 1992. Zotsatira zakufukufukuyu: Mayiko okhala ndi mafuta ambiri komanso msika wina ungathe kuyembekeza thandizo lankhondo kuchokera kunja. Nigeria sinathe kupuma mpaka lero. Pamenepo, makampani amafuta a Shell ndi ExonMobil akhala akugwiritsa ntchito mafuta osungirako mafuta ku Niger Delta kwazaka zambiri ndipo akuwononga chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa anthu. Mothandizidwa ndi boma la Nigerian, makampani amapindula ndi mafuta ochulukirapo, koma anthu satenga nawo mbali pazopindulitsa. Zotsatira zake zimakhala zingapo, nthawi zambiri kumenyedwa. "Zimakhala zowopsa kuwona kuti iwo omwe atsalira pamikangano adzakhalabe osalangidwa," akutsutsa motero Commissioner wa UN othawa kwawo a António Guterres. Ngakhale olamulira mwankhanza angadalire thandizo lochokera kunja: Woyang'anira mwankhanza waku Libyan Muammar Gadafi anasamukira pafupi ndi 300 ma euro muma akaunti aku Swiss, chimodzimodzi anali wolamulira wakale wa ku Egypt a Hosni Mubarak kale. "Ndalamazi zikusowa maboma omwe alowa m'malo pomanga dzikolo," akufotokoza mneneli wa Attac a David Walch.

"Kudalirana kwa mabungwe padziko lonse sichinthu koma kupitiliza kuponderezana mu nthawi zamdima zamakoloni. […] Gawo limodzi mwa magawo asanu a malo oyimapo ku Brazil layamba kale kugwiritsidwa ntchito kulimitsa nyama ku mayiko a EU, pomwe theka la anthu ali pachiwopsezo cha kufa ndi njala. ”
Klaus Werner-Lobo, wolemba "Ndife dziko"

Mitundu yamakampani

Zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu achoke kudziko lawo ndi umphawi, kuponderezana, ndi kuzunzidwa; Zinthu zokopa ndizo chiyembekezo cha chuma, kupezeka ndi moyo wamakhalidwe abwino. "Zosowa zaumunthu ndizofanana padziko lonse lapansi: chakudya, denga pamwamba pamitu yawo ndi maphunziro a ana," atero a a Caritas a Margit Draxl. "Anthu ambiri amafuna moyo wabwino kudziko lakwawo, ndi gawo laling'ono chabe lomwe likufuna kuchoka." Koma makampani ophatikizana ndi mayiko komanso mabungwe omwe amapezerera anzawo akuchotsa ndalama zandalama kwa anthu omwe akutukuka kumene. "Kudalirana kwa mabungwe padziko lonse lapansi sikungopitilira ukazitape mu nthawi zamdima zamakoloni," a Klaus Werner-Lobo analemba m'buku lake "Ndife athu padziko lapansi".

"Anthu ambiri amafuna moyo wabwino kudziko lakwawo, ndi gawo laling'ono chabe lomwe likufuna kuchoka."
Margit Draxl, Caritas

Mwachitsanzo mwachitsanzo akutchula Gulu la Bayer, mmodzi mwa makasitomala ofunikira kwambiri ku Coltan. Kuchokera ku Coltan, tantalum yachitsulo imachitidwanso, pomwepo imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mafoni kapena ma laputopu. Kufikira 80 peresenti ya ma coltan padziko lapansi ali ku Democratic Republic of the Congo. Pamenepo, kuchuluka kwa anthu kudabera, phindu limasungidwa kwa osankhika ochepa. Kuyambira 1996, nkhondo zapachiweniweni komanso nkhondo zankhondo zakhala zikuwoneka kwambiri ku Congo. Chuma chilichonse chomwe magulu omenyerawo amalandira pogulitsa zida zobiriwira chimapita kukagula zida ndikupititsa nkhondoyo. M'migodi yakuCongo, ogwira ntchito, kuphatikiza ana ambiri, amagwira ntchito mwankhanza. Kampani yakudya Nestlé imangodzudzulidwa kawirikawiri pankhani yokhudza ufulu wa anthu: imodzi mwa ufulu wachibadwidwe ndi kupezeka kwa madzi oyera, omwe nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'maiko osatukuka. Tcheyamani wa Nestlé a Peter Brabeck samapanga chinsinsi kuti madzi m'maso mwake siabwino kwa aliyense, koma ayenera kukhala ndi mtengo wamsika ngati chakudya china chilichonse. M'mayiko ngati Pakistan, Nestlé akupopera madzi pansi kuti adzaze m'mabotolo ndikugulitsa ngati "Nestle Pure Life".

Njala yapangidwa ndi anthu

Lipoti la foodwatch "Die Hungermacher: Momwe Deutsche Bank, Goldman Sachs & Co amaganizira za chakudya pozunza osauka kwambiri" zimapereka umboni wochuluka wosonyeza kuti kulingalira kwa chakudya pazosinthanitsa zinthu kumakweza mitengo ndikubweretsa njala. "Mu 2010 mokha, mitengo yokwera ya chakudya idatsutsa anthu 40 miliyoni ndi njala komanso umphawi wadzaoneni," lipotilo lidatero. Kuphatikiza apo, gawo lalikulu la malo olimapo m'maiko omwe akutukuka amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga katundu wogulitsa kunja. Nthawi zambiri kulima soya, komwe kumatumizidwa ku Europe ngati chakudya chanyama. "Gawo limodzi mwa magawo asanu mwa malo olimapo ku Brazil agwiritsidwa kale ntchito yolima nyama zamayiko aku EU, pomwe kotala la anthu ali pachiwopsezo cha njala", alemba a Klaus Werner-Lobo. "Mwana yemwe amwalira ndi njala lero aphedwa," akumaliza a Jean Ziegler, wolemba ku Switzerland komanso omenyera ufulu wachibadwidwe. "Anthu anjala nthawi zambiri amakhala ofooka kwambiri kotero kuti sangathe kuchoka mdziko lawo," akufotokoza motero mneneri wa Caritas a Margit Draxl. "Mabanja awa nthawi zambiri amatumiza mwana wamwamuna wamphamvu kwambiri kuti akathandize banja lomwe latsala."

Thandizo lachitukuko cholakwika

Poona makinawa, kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zothandizira kutukula kumangodontha munyanja, makamaka monga Austria sikukwaniritsa udindo wawo: UN imanena kuti dziko lililonse padziko lapansi limagawa 0,7 peresenti ya chuma chonse chamkaka cha GDP ku chitukuko chothandizira; Austria idangolandira 2014 0,27 peresenti. Kupatula apo, kuchokera ku 2016 kuwonjezeka kwa thumba lachilendo lakunja kuchokera pa ma miliyoni asanu mpaka 20 mamiliyoni kudzagwiritsidwa ntchito.

"Pakati pa 2008 ndi 2012, kutuluka kuchokera kumayiko aku South South kuposa kuchuluka kwa ndalama zatsopano."
Eurodad (European Network on Ngongole ndi Development)

Malipoti awiri aposachedwa a Global Financial Integrity ndi Eurodad pankhani zachitukuko aperekanso zotsatira zoopsa: 2012 yokha yataya maboma amayiko ku South South kuti asabwere mwachangu ndalama zopitilira 630 biliyoni. Zambiri izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kuchulukitsa kwa mitengo m'makampani ochita malonda, komanso kubweza ngongole ndikubwezera phindu kwa olandira ndalama zakunja. "Pakati pa 2008 ndi 2012, kutuluka kuchokera kumayiko aku South South kuposa kuchuluka kwa ndalama zatsopano," idatero Eurodad.

Thawani pakusintha kwanyengo

Kusintha kwanyengo kumakhalanso chifukwa chothawira. Malinga ndi Greenpeace, ku India ndi Bangladesh kokha, mpaka anthu miliyoni a 125 azithawa kuchoka pagombe kupita kumtunda chifukwa cha kukwera kwa nyanja. Purezidenti wa Pacific Island State of Kiribati wapempha kale kuti avomereze nzika zake zoposa 2008 ngati othawa kwawo kosatha ku 100.000, Australia ndi New Zealand. Cholinga chake: Kukwera kwa nyanja kukuyembekezeka kuti idzasefukira pachilumbachi pofika kumapeto kwa zaka zana lino. Koma othawa kwachilengedwe satikabe (panobe) ku Msonkhano Wothawirako ku Geneva. Zomwe zidakhazikitsidwa posachedwa ndi UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) zikuphatikiza nkhondo yolimbana ndi kusintha kwa nyengo. Zimaphatikizanso mgwirizano wamayiko wosintha nyengo kuti uchitike pa Msonkhano Wosintha Kwanyengo ku UN mu Paris mu Disembala.

Mayankho atsopano kwa omwe amafunafuna malo achitetezo

Anthu omwe adapita ku Austria atathawa kunkhondo ndi kuzunzidwa kupita ku Austria, samapeza zinthu zabwino nthawi zonse, monga zovuta zomwe zachitika mumzinda wa Traiskirchen zikutsimikizira. Njirazi limatenga zaka zambiri ndipo sizivuta kuti anthu ofuna kufunafuna chilolezo agwire ntchito. Malinga ndi Aliens Employment Act, akuyembekezeka kugwira ntchito atatha miyezi itatu, koma sadzalandira mwayi wonse wogwira nawo ntchito mpaka njira yokhazikitsidwayo itatsirizidwa bwino, ngati atazindikiridwa ngati othawa kwawo kapena alandila "chitetezo chothandizira". Mwakuchita izi, omwe akufuna kufunafuna amathanso kuvomera ntchito zachifundo, monga kulima dimba kapena chipale chofewa. Pali ndalama yotchedwa yovomerezeka ya ma euro ochepa pa ola limodzi, yomwe siyokwanira moyo.

Mapulogalamu monga Caritas Vorarlberg "Nachbarschaftshilfe" amathandizira omwe akufunafuna malo achitetezo kuti agwire ntchito yopindulitsa. Anthu omwe akufunika thandizo - monga ntchito yakunyumba ndi dimba - ali ndi mwayi wothandizila kufunafuna malo achitetezo ndipo amalipidwa mosagwiritsa ntchito zopereka. Kilian Kleinschmidt, katswiri wothawa kwawo padziko lonse lapansi, akuwona njira yololeza othaŵa kwawo kuchita nawo gawo lazachuma. M'malo mwa UNHCR, Mjeremani adatsogola msasa wachiwiri waukulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi pamalire a Yordani-Syria ndikusintha msasawo kukhala mzinda wokhala ndi mphamvu zake zachuma. "Kubwezeretsa ghettos kwa othawa kwawo kumapangitsa kuti kuphatikiza kumakhale kovuta, chifukwa nthawi zambiri zimakhala zokhazokha," atero Kleinschmidt, wolimbikitsa mapulogalamu azinyumba m'malo mwa zotengera. "Munthawi yapakati, Europe ikufunika antchito mamiliyoni a 50, akatswiri ena alibe antchito. Anthu othawa kwawo amabwera kudzagwira ntchito osati kutolera zothandizira anthu. "

mundondomeko

Mabungwe monga Caritas kapena Agency for Austrian Development Cooperation (ADA) amapatsa anthu mmaiko akutukuka malingaliro amtsogolo. Mwachitsanzo, ADA imathandizira bungwe lachitukuko la East Africa IGAD pakukhazikitsa njira yochenjeza koyambirira kwa CEWARN yoletsa kusamvana ndi kukhazikitsa mtendere. Mu imodzi mwama projekiti ake, Caritas imathandizira maphunziro a aphunzitsi asukulu zapulaimale ku South Sudan motero amathandizira kukonza mwayi wophunzitsa mdziko muno. Fairtrade imaperekanso moyo wabwinoko m'maiko akumwera okhala ndi mitengo yokwera komanso maulimi a alimi a khofi kapena thonje.
www.entwicklung.at
www.caritas.at
www.fairtrade.at

Hotelo ya Magda
Ku Austria, hotelo ku Vienna, bizinesi yapa Caritas, imawoneka ngati pulojekiti yothandizira kuphatikiza othawa kwawo: othawa odziwika ochokera ku mayiko a 14 amagwira ntchito kuno. Kuphatikiza pa zipinda za alendo, nyumba yothandiziramo anthu othawa kwawo osakhazikika yakhazikitsidwa, yomwe ingayambitse maphunziro ku hotelo.
www.magdas-hotel.at

Banki pazabwino zonse
Bank for the Common Good imapereka njira ina yosiyana ndi mabanki achikhalidwe: phindu silinso chinthu chokhacho chomwe chimapangitsa kuti zinthu ziziwayendera bwino. Zofunsira ndalamazi zizigwiritsidwa ntchito mosaganizira komanso mwachifundo pazabwino zonse.
www.mitgruenden.at

Fairphone
Foni ya Fairphone imapangidwa pansi pazovuta kwambiri, ndipo mchere womwe umafunikira kuti ipangitse, makamaka Coltan, imapezedwa kuchokera kumigodi yotsimikizika yomwe silipirira nkhondo yapachiweniweni.
www.fairphone.com

Photo / Video: Shutterstock, Makina azosankha.