Chitani masamu: mtengo weniweni wa chakudya chathu

Freiburg/Br. Zotsika mtengo. Izi ndi zoona makamaka pa chakudya. Mitengo pamalipiro a supermarket imabisa gawo lalikulu la mtengo wazakudya zathu. Tonse timawalipira: ndi misonkho, ndalama zathu zamadzi ndi zinyalala ndi ndalama zina zambiri. Zotsatira za kusintha kwa nyengo zokha zikuwononga kale mabiliyoni ambiri.

Kusefukira kwa nkhumba ndi manyowa amadzimadzi

Ulimi wamba amathira manyowa ambiri ndi feteleza wa mchere ndi manyowa amadzimadzi. Nayitrogeni wochuluka kwambiri amapanga nitrate, yomwe imalowa m’madzi apansi panthaka. Madzi amayenera kukumba mozama kuti apeze madzi akumwa aukhondo. Zothandizira zidzatha posachedwa. Germany ikuopsezedwa ndi chindapusa cha ma euro opitilira 800.000 mwezi uliwonse ndi European Union chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa kuipitsa kwa nitrate m'madzi. Komabe, ulimi wa fakitale ndi kusefukira kwa manyowa amadzimadzi zikupitilira M'zaka zapitazi za 20, Germany yasintha kuchoka pamalonda ogulitsa nkhumba kupita ku wogulitsa kunja kwambiri - ndi mabiliyoni akuthandizidwa kuchokera kuboma la boma. Chaka chilichonse, nkhumba zokwana 60 miliyoni zimaphedwa ku Germany. 13 miliyoni amathera pa mulu wa zinyalala.

Kuwonjezera pa izi ndi zotsalira za mankhwala oteteza zomera m'zakudya, kuwonongeka kwa nthaka yolemedwa, mphamvu yofunikira kupanga feteleza wopangira ndi zina zambiri zomwe zimakhudza chilengedwe ndi nyengo. 

Kulima kumawononga $2,1 thililiyoni chaka chilichonse

Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa bungwe la United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), ndalama zotsatiridwa ndi chilengedwe pa ulimi wathu wokha zimakwera pafupifupi madola 2,1 thililiyoni aku US padziko lonse lapansi. Kuphatikiza apo, pali ndalama zotsatiridwa ndi anthu, mwachitsanzo zochizira anthu omwe adadzipha ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Malinga ndi zimene bungwe la Soil and More foundation ku Netherlands linanena, ogwira ntchito m’mafamu pakati pa 20.000 ndi 340.000 amamwalira chaka chilichonse chifukwa cha poizoni wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo. 1 mpaka 5 miliyoni amavutika nazo. 

Mu a phunziro FAO imayikanso mtengo wotsatira zaulimi pafupifupi $2,7 trillion US pachaka padziko lonse lapansi. Sanaganizirepo chilichonse chomwe chikufunika.

Christian Hiss akufuna kusintha izo. Mnyamata wazaka 59 adakulira pafamu kumwera kwa Baden. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 50, makolo ake adasintha bizinesiyo kukhala ulimi wa biodynamic. Hiss anakhala wolima dimba ndipo anayamba kulima masamba pa malo oyandikana nawo. Mu 1995, monga minda yambiri, adayambitsa kusungirako mabuku kawiri kawiri motsatira malamulo a German Commercial Code ndipo mwamsanga anazindikira kuti: "China chake chalakwika."

Werengani molondola

Monga mlimi wa organic, amaika nthawi ndi ndalama zambiri kuti asunge chonde m'nthaka, m'malo mwa monocultures, kusintha kasinthasintha wa mbewu ndi feteleza wobiriwira - kulima malo ake osawononga chilengedwe. "Sindingathe kupereka ndalamazi kumitengo," akutero Hiss. "Kusiyana pakati pa ndalama ndi malipiro kunatseguka." Choncho phindu lake lakhala likucheperachepera.

Ngati mumapanga feteleza nokha kapena mumalima nyemba monga mbewu zophatikizira kuti muwonjezere nayitrogeni m'nthaka, mumalipira zambiri. "Kilogalamu imodzi ya feteleza yokumba imawononga ma euro atatu, kilogalamu ya kumeta nyanga imawononga ma euro 14 ndipo kilogalamu ya feteleza wachilengedwe wodzipangira yokha imawononga ma euro 40," akuwerengera Hisss.

Feteleza wochita kupanga amapangidwa mochuluka ku Russia ndi Ukraine, pakati pa malo ena. Ogwira ntchito m'mafakitale kumeneko sangakhale ndi moyo kapena ayi chifukwa cha malipiro ochepa. Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kowopsa popanga sikungolemetsa nyengo yapadziko lonse lapansi.

Gärtner Hisss, yemwe adaphunzira za mabanki okhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu komanso zachuma, akufuna kuphatikizirapo ndalama zonsezi pamtengo wapagulitsidwe.

Lingaliro si lachilendo. Kuyambira kuchiyambi kwa zaka za zana la 20, akatswiri azachuma akhala akuyang'ana njira zophatikizira izi zomwe zimatchedwa ndalama zakunja m'mabanki amakampani, mwachitsanzo, kuziyika mkati. Koma kodi malo abwino ndi ofunika bwanji? Kodi mtengo wa nthaka yachonde ndi wotani umene ungathe kuyamwa ndi kusunga madzi ndi kukokoloka pang’ono poyerekezera ndi madera omwe atha a makampani akuluakulu a zaulimi?

Phatikizaninso ndalama zotsatirira pamitengo

Kuti apeze lingaliro lolondola, Hisss akuyamba ndi kuyesetsa. Amawerengera kuyesetsa kowonjezera pakusamalira nthaka ndi njira zina zolima zokhazikika kwa alimi. Amene amagwiritsa ntchito makina olemera kwambiri a ulimi amaonetsetsa kuti dothi likhalebe lolowera mpweya ndipo tizilombo tochepa timafa. Izinso zimamasula nthaka ndikuwonjezera michere yake. Alimi amene amabzala mipanda ndi kulola zitsamba zakutchire kuchita maluwa amateteza malo okhala tizilombo tomwe timatulutsa mungu. Zonsezi zimatengera ntchito ndipo zimawononga ndalama. 

Ku Freiburg, Hiss ndi ena ogwirizana nawo ali ndi Malingaliro a kampani Regional Value Joint Stock Company anakhazikitsidwa. Ndi ndalama kuchokera kwa omwe ali ndi masheya, amagula minda, yomwe amabwereketsa kwa alimi achilengedwe, ndikuchita nawo ntchito yokonza chakudya, malonda, zakudya ndi gastronomy. 

"Timayika ndalama pamtengo wonse," akufotokoza Hiss. Pakali pano wapeza otsanzira. Ku Germany monse, ma Regionalwert AG asanu atenga pafupifupi ma euro miliyoni asanu ndi anayi kuchokera kwa omwe ali ndi masheya pafupifupi 3.500. Mwa zina, ayika ndalama m'mafamu khumi achilengedwe. Chiyembekezo chachitetezo chovomerezedwa ndi Federal Financial Supervisory Authority BaFin chimalonjeza "zachuma ndi zachilengedwe" komanso kusungitsa chonde kwa nthaka ndi kuweta nyama molingana ndi mitundu. Ogawana nawo sangagule kalikonse kuchokera pamenepo. Palibe phindu.

Makampani amalumikizana

Komabe, makampani akuluakulu akuchulukirachulukira akudumpha. Hiss amatchula gulu la inshuwaransi la Allianz ndi kampani yamankhwala ya BASF monga zitsanzo. "Ofufuza akuluakulu monga Ernst & Young kapena PWC amathandiziranso Hisss pakuwerengera ntchito zomwe mafamu achilengedwe amapereka kuti apindule nawo. Makampani anayi adawunikidwanso kwambiri mpaka pano: Pakubweza pafupifupi ma euro 2,8 miliyoni, amawononga ndalama zokwana pafupifupi ma euro 400.000, omwe sanawonekere ngati ndalama pamasamba aliwonse. Bungwe la ofufuza a ku Germany la IDW lazindikiranso kuti akaunti yopindulitsa komanso yotayika iyeneranso kuganizira zomwe sizili zachuma.

Regionalwert AG Freiburg amagwira ntchito ndi SAP, pakati pa ena Mapulogalamu kujambula mtengo wowonjezera, zomwe, mwachitsanzo, alimi a organic amazipanga pogwiritsa ntchito njira zawo zolima bwino. Ziwerengero zazikulu zoposa 120 zochokera ku chilengedwe, chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi zachuma zachigawo zikhoza kulembedwa ndikuwerengedwera chaka chandalama. Pachifukwa ichi, mtengo wachigawo umafunikira 500 euro net pachaka ndikugwira ntchito. Ubwino wake: Ogula atha kuwonetsedwa zomwe alimi amachita kuti apindule nawo. Andale atha kugwiritsa ntchito manambala, mwachitsanzo kugawanso ndalama zothandizira zaulimi pafupifupi ma euro mabiliyoni asanu ndi limodzi pachaka. Akagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera, ndalamazo ndi zokwanira kuti ulimi ukhale wokhazikika. Pa Disembala 1st Kuwerengera mtengo wachigawo, zomwe alimi amatha kuwerengera mtengo wowonjezera mu euro ndi masenti omwe amapangira anthu

Kuyang'ana Kwachinai

Mu polojekiti ya Quarta Vista, kampani yapadziko lonse ya mapulogalamu SAP yatenga utsogoleri wa consortium. Kumeneko, akatswiri amapanga njira zomwe zopereka za kampani pazabwino zimayesedwa ndikulembedwa. 

dr Joachim Schnitter, woyang'anira polojekiti ya SAP ku Quarta Vista, amatchula vuto loyamba: "Zambiri zomwe kampani imapanga kapena kuwononga sizingafotokozedwe m'mawerengero ake." mpweya woyera ndi wofunika, sungathe kuyankhidwa. Ngakhale kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe ndi nyengo kungaŵerengeretu pasadakhale ngati munthu alingalira kuti kungakonzedwe kapena kulipiridwa m’njira ina. Ndipo: Kuwonongeka kotsatira nthawi zambiri sikumawonekeratu lero. Ndicho chifukwa chake Schnitter ndi gulu lake la polojekiti akugwiritsa ntchito njira yosiyana: "Ndikufunsa kuti ndi zoopsa ziti zomwe tingachepetse kapena kuzipewa ngati tikuchita zinthu zosamalira chilengedwe kapena chikhalidwe cha anthu pamalo amodzi." Kupewa zoopsa kumachepetsa kufunika kokhazikitsa zofunikira ndipo motero kumawonjezera phindu la kampani. 

Ndi ziphaso za CO2 ndi levy yokonzekera mankhwala ophera tizilombo, pali njira zoyambira zophatikizira oipitsa pamitengo yotsatirira bizinesi yawo. SAP ikuganiza kuti "tsogolo lidzatikakamiza kuyendetsa makampani mwachilengedwe kuposa kale". Gulu likufuna kukonzekera izi. Kuphatikiza apo, msika watsopano wamapulogalamu ukubwera pano womwe umapangitsa kuti zochitika zamakampani ndi chilengedwe ziwonekere. Monga ena ambiri, Schnitter amakhumudwa ndi ndale. "Palibe malangizo omveka bwino." Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe makampani ambiri akupita patsogolo.

Ngati muphatikiza ndalama zotsatirira, "organic" ndiyotsika mtengo kuposa "zachilendo"

Wothandizira polojekiti ya Soil ndi More ali nawo zitsanzo zowerengera - Amagawidwa molingana ndi momwe nthaka ilili, zamoyo zosiyanasiyana, munthu, anthu, nyengo ndi madzi, ndi zina.

Mukangoganizira za chonde m'nthaka, zokolola za hekitala imodzi ya kulima maapulo pachaka zimawononga ma euro 1.163 polima wamba ndi ma euro 254 pakulima organic. Pankhani ya mpweya wa CO2, ndi ma euro 3.084 polima wamba komanso ma euro 2.492 paulimi wamba.

Soil and More inalemba kuti: “Ndalama zobisika zimenezi n’zazikulu kwambiri moti zimachititsa kuti zakudya zimene amati ndi zotsika zisawonongeke. Andale atha kusintha izi pofunsa omwe amawapangitsa kuti alipire zomwe zawonongeka, ndikungopereka ndalama zothandizira ulimi wokhazikika ndikuchepetsa VAT pazinthu zakuthupi.

Wolima dimba komanso wazachuma wabizinesi Christian Hiss amadziona ali panjira yoyenera. "Takhala tikutulutsa ndalama zabizinesi yathu kwazaka zopitilira 100. Timaona zotsatirapo zake pakufa kwa nkhalango, kusintha kwa nyengo ndi kutha kwa chonde m’nthaka.” Ngati alimi ndi alimi aŵerengera bwino lomwe, chakudya chimene amati chotsika mtengo chochokera ku ulimi “wazoloŵezi” chimakhala chokwera mtengo kwambiri kapena olima amalephera. 

"Akaunti," akuwonjezera Jan Köpper ndi Laura Marvelskemper ochokera ku GLS Bank, "nthawi zonse amangowonetsa zam'mbuyo." Komabe, makampani ochulukirapo adafuna kudziwa momwe bizinesi yawo ilili yotsimikizira zam'tsogolo. Otsatsa ndalama komanso anthu akufunsa zambiri za izi. Oyang'anira akuda nkhawa ndi mbiri yamakampani awo omwe angakhale makasitomala komanso azandalama. Christian Hiss ali panjira yopita kwa omwe amagwira nawo ntchito kuchokera ku SAP. Akadawerenga bukhu lake ndikumvetsetsa mwachangu zomwe likunena.

Info:

Nyengo Yogwirira Ntchito: Bungwe la osunga ndalama omwe amangofuna kuyika ndalama m'makampani omwe amatsatira zolinga zanyengo ya Paris: 

Malingaliro a kampani Regionalwert AG Bürgeraktiengesellschaft

Kupititsa patsogolo miyezo yoperekera malipoti ku Kubadwanso Kwatsopano & "Kukhazikika" m'malo mwa Kukhazikika: https://www.r3-0.org/

Ntchito Quarter vista, mothandizidwa ndi Federal Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs, wothandizira polojekiti SAP, wothandizira polojekiti Regionalwert pakati pa ena: 

BaFin: "Malangizo othana ndi zoopsa zokhazikika"

Buku: 

"Weretsani molondola", Christian Hiß, nyumba yosindikiza ya oekom Munich, 2015

"Kukonzanso chuma chamsika mwachilengedwe", Ralf Fücks ndi Thomas Köhler (eds.), Konrad Adenauer Foundation, Berlin 

"Introduction to Degrowth", Matthias Schmelzer ndi Andrea Vetter, Julius Verlag, Hamburg, 2019

Chidziwitso: Chifukwa lingaliro la Regionalwert AG lidandikhutiritsa, ndakhala ndikuthandizira projekiti yowerengera alimi atolankhani ndi maubale kuyambira Novembara 30, 2020. Lemba ili linapangidwa pamaso pa mgwirizano uwu ndipo kotero sichikukhudzidwa nawo. Ndikutsimikizira zimenezo.