Alexandra Binder
"Ndidzadya kabudula wanga wama boxer kukhala pa TV, ngati zingakhale zowona kuti neutrinos yaswa kuthamanga kwa magetsi!" Adatero katswiri wa zida zanyukiliya ku Britain Jim Al-Khalili 2011. Pamenepo adayimilira nthawi yoyamba kutsutsa, tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala tomwe timayendera malo ndipo timatha kupezeka pafupifupi kulikonse.
Ma billiards amadutsa matupi athu motsatana, 5000 timawonjezera pamphindi, chifukwa ma atomu amatsogolera m'thupi. Koma pamene gulu la "Opera" ku Cern of the European Organisation for Nuclear Research linapereka zotsatira zoyesa zomwe zinaonetsa kuti zinthu zina zoyambira zitha kufulumira kuposa kuwala, kusangalala kunali kutha. Akatswiri azachipatala padziko lonse lapansi adadabwitsidwa. Nkhaniyi idakhala yolakwika patatha chaka chimodzi.
Koma nkhani ya neutrinos idayambadi. Kwa zaka zitatu pambuyo pake, 2015, Takaaki Kajita wa ku Japan ndi Arthur McDonald waku Canada adalandira Mphotho ya Nobel mu Fiziki kumvetsetsa kwatsopano: Tinthuzo zimakhala ndi misa. Izi zimawapangitsa kukhala achimwemwe kwambiri kuposa kale.
Neutrinos: tinthu tokhala ndi mizu yonse
"Akatswiri a sayansi ya zamankhwala John Phunzirani, Sandip Pakvasa, ndi Tony Zee afunsira kugwiritsa ntchito neutrinos kulumikizana ndi nyenyezi zina ku Milky Way, kapena kufufuza zachitukuko china," akulemba Heinrich Päs mu "Neutrinos: The Perfect Wave" (Springer 2017). A Patrick Huber a ku Center for Neutrino Fizikisi ku Virginia apeza njira yofotokozera momwe apolisi amtundu wamtambo amalumikizana othokoza chifukwa cha neutrinos. Ndipo Neutrino Inc., kampani yaku America-Germany, ikufuna kuti ikhale ndi mphamvu zambiri kuchokera ku neutrinos, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa magalimoto amagetsi. M'tsogolomu, tidzayendetsa mosavuta makilomita a 2.000 nayo - popanda kulipira, chifukwa, chifukwa kusefukira kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono kopanga sikuphulika konse.
Holger Thorsten Schubart, wogulitsa nyumba kale, akutsimikiza. Iye ndi bambo yemwe amayimira kumbuyo kwa mphamvu yaku batri yaku Germany, yemwe samachokera ku chilichonse. Kuchokera pamagetsi amakono, alibe zambiri: "Monga ziliri tsopano, mtundu wamagalimoto wamagetsi koma kung'ung'udza kwa anthu ndipo ngati magetsi sanaperekedwe mwanjira ina, chinyengo pakuwononga chilengedwe ndi ogula ndikuwopa kwathunthu." Ngati galimoto yamagetsi yamakono ikhoza kuyendetsa ma 100 km, 10, 20 kapena 30 malita a mafuta kapena mafuta ena osungiramo mafuta atha kuwotchedwa kwinakwake, ndipo mphamvuyo ikhoza kunyamulidwa kwa makilomita mazana ambiri, atero a Neutrino Deutschland GmbH Executive Director.
Chiwerengero chopanda malire ngati galimoto
Schubart's auto-solution imatchedwa "π1" (Pi = kuchuluka kopanda) ndipo imakhazikika pamalingaliro okhutira: "Kwenikweni, tikugwira ntchito pagalimoto yoyendera dzuwa popanda malire." Kusiyana kwa njira zamakono zomwe zimadziwika kuti ndi dzuwa, ndiye Photovoltaic? "Kuti sitigwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe owoneka bwino a dzuwa, koma makamaka mawonekedwe owoneka ndi ma radiation, ndi ma 24 maola tsiku ngakhale mumdima wathunthu."
Chimango chonse ndi thupi la Pi - zomwe zimatuluka chosindikizira cha 3D mtsogolomo, zimapangidwa ndi mpweya wambiri wokhala ndi mpweya wambiri ndipo cholinga chake ndi kukhala osinthira mphamvu yamagetsi awa. Osachepera ndilo lingaliro. Koma kodi mphamvu za neutrino zilidi zabwino pakuthamangitsa kapena kuyendetsa mokwanira? Zachidziwikire kuti Schubart sangatsimikizire kuti. "Muzochitika izi, mphamvu zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyambira kuposa momwe zingasinthidwe mu cell," akutero, ndikuwonjezera kuti ngakhale mabatire ang'onoang'ono azomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pachiyambipo.
"Zosagwirizana"
Komabe, ngati wina afunsa akatswiri a sayansi ya zamatsenga za kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka radiation ya neutrino, mawu oti "osadziwika komanso osakwaniritsidwa." Chifukwa chake: Neutrinos samayanjana ndi nkhani. Ngakhale kuyesera kwa neutrinos kotero ndichinthu chovuta kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, a Stefan Recksiegel, dokotala wa sayansi pa University of Munich, akufotokoza kuti: "Fulu lamphamvu kwambiri la neutrino padziko lapansi limapezeka pafupi ndi zida zamphamvu za nyukiliya. Koma ngakhale pamalopo mutha kuwona zosintha mazana ochepa patsiku m'matoni a magesi. Ndiloalamula akukulira ambiri osakwanira kuti ngakhale magetsi amodzi a kuwala, osatchula mabatire omwe amalipiritsa. "
Schubart samasokoneza otsutsa ake, m'malo mwake, mawu ake ndi oti: "Tikusinthanso mbiri". Chifukwa zapamwamba zokhazokha koma kulibe magalimoto oyenda ndipo malonjezo a 2017 omwe adamangidwanso a Neutrinopower Trabant sanawonekepo mpaka tsiku lomaliza, pomwe otsatira mafoni amagetsi pakadali pano amakonda kudzipangitsa okha.
Kukalamba ndi mphindi zisanu zolipiritsa
Mwachitsanzo, iwo amene akufuna kuyendetsa galimoto yawo yamagetsi m'mphindi zisanu zokha, mwachitsanzo, ali ndi mbiri yoyambira Yoyamba ya Israeli. Ukadaulo wake wa batri wa Flash umadalira ma nanomatadium ndi ma organic mankhwala omwe sanagwiritsidwepo ntchito mabatire ndipo ayenera kukhala otetezeka kuposa mabatire a lithiamu-ion. Ku Cube Tech Fair ku Berlin 2017, kampaniyo idawonetsa momwe zimachitikira komanso koposa zonse zomwe zimagwira. Mu zaka zitatu mukufuna kubwera ndi magalimoto amagetsi oyamba pamsika. Kwa mafani a eco, "Ryden Dual Carbon Battery" yochokera ku Power Japan Plus ikhoza kukhala chinthu. Anode ndi cathode mabatire amapangidwa ndi mpweya wopangidwa ndipo ma electrolyte amakhalanso ndi michere yachilengedwe. Zitsulo zolemera, monga mabatire ochiritsira, kulibe, batire limatha kusinthika, limakhala liwiro pafupifupi makumi awiri, koma mibadwo imayamba pang'onopang'ono. Anti Ukalamba 2.0 kotero kuti mulankhule.
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