Matenda ochokera pamtengo

Atangomupereka kunja, amawoneka wokayikira mwanjira inayake. Galimoto yaying'ono yomwe imangodutsa malire kuchokera ku Austria kupita ku Italiya ikukwera pang'onopang'ono m'mbali mwa mseu. Mpweya ndiwowoneka bwino, tsiku la Disembala lomveka bwino kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa dera la Friuli Venezia Giulia. “Apolisi akuyang'anira, zikalata chonde.” Mukamayandikira, galimoto yoyera imawoneka ngati ina iliyonse: yosawoneka bwino, ndichifukwa chake ndiyofunika kuyang'anitsitsa. Pasipoti m'dzanja limodzi, yotsatira imangoyenda pang'onopang'ono pa khomo lakumbuyo. Atatsegula chitseko, apolisi, omwe adayimirira limodzi pagulu kutsogolo kwa galimoto, amakumana ndi fungo lonunkha. Fumbi la nthenga limayenda mlengalenga ndikumatha kugona pansi. Kukuwa kwachisangalalo, chokwera komanso chaphokoso ndiye chinthu choyamba chomwe apolisi amva. Ndikutentha kwamkati mwamkati, zowonadi zake zasakanikirana: mudayimira molondola. Ziphuphu zobiriwira, zachikaso zowala komanso ma parrot abuluu owoneka bwino amayang'ana apolisi. Zimayimba mwamphamvu, nyamazo zimayesera kuyenda, koma malo ochepa omwe ali mchikwere sawalola kutembenuka. Dzuwa lozizira limawala pakamwa pawo pafupi. 

Kusintha kwa malo. Patatha masiku angapo, Francesco (* dzina lasinthidwa) ali pakama. Vuto loyambirira lopeza mpweya latsika mofulumira. Kutentha thupi kwambiri ndi kupweteka kwa thupi sizimapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kuthana ndi mavuto am'mapapo. Matenda osadziwika angayambitse imfa mwa anthu, akudziwa tsopano. Psittacosis ndi dzina la matenda omwe wapolisi wamtunduwu adalandira. Zizindikiro zonga chimfine poyamba zidapangitsa kuti zovuta kwa adotolo azindikire momwe chitetezo chake chamthupi chimamenyera. Atagwira nawo ntchito atadwala, kuyesa magazi kumawonetsa zomwe zimawopedwa kale: tizilomboti timatchedwa Chlamydophila psittaci. Abweretsedwe ndi ma parrot pafupifupi 3000 ndi ma budgies omwe adapezeka panthawi yonyamula nyama mosaloledwa. 

"Apolisi adadwala chibayo chachikulu panthawiyo, ndipo matendawa amakhudza njira yopumira," akufotokoza a Marie-Christin Rossmann, veterinarian komanso wamkulu wa matenda opatsirana ku Carinthia. Kugulitsa ziweto zapadziko lonse ndi mwayi wake. Kalelo, m'nyengo yozizira 2015, matenda a parrot anali dontho lomaliza lomwe linaswa mbiya. Podutsa malire pafupi ndi Travis, m'malire atatu a Italy-Austrian-Slovenia m'chigwa cha Canal, oyang'anira kasitomu nthawi zambiri amapeza mayendedwe omwe samatsatira konse lamulo lachitetezo cha nyama. Ana agalu achichepere olekanitsidwa ndi amayi awo molawirira kwambiri, amphaka, ana amadwala. Nyama, zonse zomwe zimayenera kupeza eni atsopano zikagulitsidwa pagalimoto. Panthawiyo Austria ndi Italy adalumikizana ngati othandizana nawo polojekiti, ndipo mu 2017 adakhazikitsa projekiti yothandizidwa ndi EU ya Biocrime. "70% ya anthu sadziwa kuti zoonoses ndizotani komanso kuti ndi zowopsa bwanji kwa anthu," akutero a Rossmann, omwe ndi wamkulu wa ntchito ya Interreg Bio-Crime ku boma la Carinthia ku Austria. Matenda opatsirana monga parrot matenda kapena coronavirus atha kufalikira kuchokera kuzinyama kupita kwa anthu komanso mosemphanitsa, akufotokoza. Ogwira ntchito zamsonkho amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu akamanyamula nyama ngati afufuza mabasi kapena magalimoto pazinthu zosaloledwa kapena zokumbutsa. Koma makolo omwe amafuna kupatsa ana awo chiweto nawonso amakumana ndi matendawa. Popeza kuti intaneti ikuchulukirachulukira kugula nyama, malinga ndi katswiriyu, anthu ambiri atha kugwera mitengoyo. "1000 euros ndi mtengo wotsika mtengo kwa galu wobadwira," watero katswiri wazamankhwala. Pansi pake, mtengo wa chisamaliro, katemera ndi kuchotsa nyongolotsi sizingatheke. Olima mwaulemu nthawi zonse amatenga mayiwo kupita nawo ndipo amatha kuwonetsa kholo lawo. "Anthu ambiri akunja amagula agalu ang'onoang'ono achisoni, chifukwa amawoneka osatetezeka kwambiri ndipo amawononga ma 300 okha," atero a Rossmann. Zachinyengo zomwe zimagwira, ngakhale ndizosaloledwa kugula nyama zazing'ono zosakwana milungu isanu ndi itatu. Chifukwa chakutha msanga kwa mkaka wa m'mawere komanso kusowa ukhondo nthawi zambiri, mamembala atsopanowa amakhala akudwala moyo wawo wonse. 

Coronavirus sinawonetse koyamba momwe zoonoses zoopsa. Matenda obwera ndi nyama amatha kuvulaza kwambiri, kuphatikiza anthu. "Matendawa akaphulika, ndizo. Anthu ochepa okha amadziwa, mwachitsanzo, kuti anthu 60.000 amafa ndi chiwewe chaka chilichonse," akutero veterinarian. Chifukwa matendawa amapha 100 peresenti. Nthawi zambiri nyama zomwe zabwera mosavomerezeka sizitemeredwa. Matenda a bakiteriya makamaka amabwera m'malire. Nyama zolowetsedwa mosaloledwa nthawi zambiri zimadwala, zambiri zimakhala ndi tiziromboti, ndipo ngakhale amphaka amatha kukhala ndi salmonella ndikuzipereka kwa anthu. "Tinayamba ndi ana". Pulojekiti yomwe idalandiridwa ndi EU idadziwitsa mazana a ana ndi achinyamata za kuwopsa m'misonkhano yakusukulu, ndikupanga chidziwitso chofunikira kwa mbadwo wotsatira. Apolisi okwana 1000 adaphunzitsidwa ndikulumikizana ndi anzawo. Ntchito ya EU yakhazikitsa mgwirizano waukulu womwe umadziwika ndi mgwirizano womwe umadzithandiza wokha polimbana ndi mchitidwe wogulitsa nyama. Dipatimenti yofufuzira milandu ili pabwino kwambiri ndipo itha kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu kudutsa malire.

Kaya zinyama zimabwera ndikudwala mwadala? Uwu ungakhale mtundu watsopano wachigawenga, malinga ndi katswiri wa matendawa. "Ngati mukufuna kuwononga dziko mwadala, zingakhale zotheka". Zikanawononga dziko la Italy ma 35 miliyoni mayuro pachipatala ngati zikondamoyo zodwala zidagulitsidwa panthawiyo. Ndikumwalira kwa anthu 150% zomwe zikanatanthauza kuti anthu XNUMX akadamwalira, malinga ndi kuyerekezera kwa gulu la akatswiri. Cholinga chachikulu cha polojekitiyi sikuti ndi mgwirizano wokha pokhudzana ndi zoopsa zathanzi komanso chidziwitso chowonjezeka chokhudza umbanda wapadziko lonse lapansi, komanso mfundo yoti "thanzi limodzi". Popeza kufalikira kwa zoonoses monga coronavirus kukupitilizabe kuyika mavuto azachuma komanso azaumoyo mtsogolo, ntchitoyi ikufuna kulimbikitsa ntchito pakati pa akatswiri azachipatala ndi asing'anga ambiri. Iyi ndi njira yokhayo yomwe ngozi zosadziwika zitha kuzindikirika mwachangu mtsogolo ndikumenyera limodzi, malinga ndi katswiri. 

"Zoonoses ndi omwe amachititsa miliri yayikulu kwambiri m'mbiri ya anthu," atero a Paolo Zucca, oyang'anira ntchito ya Interreg. Mosiyana ndi zomwe ambiri amakhulupirira, kufalikira kwa matenda opatsirana ndi zinyama kwa anthu kwachuluka ku North America, Europe ndi Russia kuposa ku Africa, Australia ndi South America, malinga ndi zomwe veterinarian ananena pa tsamba lovomerezeka la ntchitoyi, lomwe lipitilizidwenso kupitilira mliriwu koyambirira kwa 2020 wakhala. Pamaso pa COVID-19, miliri yotchuka kwambiri ya zoonotic inali Zika virus, SARS, West Nile fever, mliri ndi Ebola.

Atakhala ndi chigoba ndi magolovesi, Francesco akuyendetsa galimoto yakuda m'mbali mwa mseu. Ndi Julayi 2020, ndipo kutsekereza kukaloleza kunyamula nyama zosaloledwa kwakanthawi kochepa, malire a Triangle tsopano atsegulidwanso. Chiyambireni maphunziro ake, woyang'anira kasitomala amadziwa bwino momwe angazindikirire nyama zodwala, momwe angadzitetezere ndi anzawo pantchito, komanso amadziwa malamulo. Akatswiriwa tsopano akugwira ntchito limodzi ku Bio-crime Center: Ndilo Veterinary Medical Intelligence and Research Center yoyamba kukhazikitsidwa ku Europe. 

Wolemba: Anastasia Lopez