Zotsatira zanyengo zankhondo yaku Ukraine: zotulutsa zambiri monga Netherlands

Nkhondo ku Ukraine inachititsa pafupifupi matani 100 miliyoni a CO2e m'miyezi isanu ndi iwiri yoyambirira. Izi ndizofanana, mwachitsanzo, Netherlands imatulutsa nthawi yomweyo. Unduna wa Zachilengedwe ku Ukraine udapereka ziwerengerozi pamwambo wapamsonkhano wa COP27 ku Sharm el Sheik.1. Phunziroli linayambitsidwa ndi katswiri wa polojekiti ya nyengo ndi mphamvu ya ku Dutch Lennard de Klerk, yemwe wakhala ndikugwira ntchito ku Ukraine kwa nthawi yaitali. Anapanga ntchito zanyengo ndi mphamvu pamakampani olemera kumeneko, komanso ku Bulgaria ndi Russia. Oimira makampani angapo apadziko lonse lapansi ofunsira chitetezo chanyengo ndi mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa ndi nthumwi ya Unduna wa Zachilengedwe ku Ukraine adagwirizana nawo pa kafukufukuyu.2.

Kutulutsa mpweya chifukwa cha kusamuka kwa othawa kwawo, ziwawa, moto komanso kukonzanso zida za anthu wamba zidawunikidwa.

Ndege: matani 1,4 miliyoni a CO2e

Phunziroli limayang'ana kaye kayendetsedwe ka ndege komwe kamayambitsa nkhondo. Chiŵerengero cha anthu amene anathaŵa m’dera lankhondo kumadzulo kwa dziko la Ukraine chikuyerekezeredwa kukhala 6,2 miliyoni, ndipo chiŵerengero cha awo amene anathaŵira kunja ndi 7,7 miliyoni. Kutengera malo onyamukira ndi kopita, zoyendera zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito zitha kuyerekezedwa: galimoto, masitima apamtunda, mabasi, ndege zazifupi komanso zazitali. Pafupifupi anthu 40 pa 1,4 alionse othawa kwawo abwerera m’matauni awo asilikali a ku Russia atachoka. Ponseponse, kuchuluka kwa mpweya wotuluka m'magalimoto akuyerekeza ndi matani 2 miliyoni a COXNUMXe.

Ntchito zankhondo: matani 8,9 miliyoni a CO2e

Mafuta amafuta ndi gawo lofunikira pazochitika zankhondo. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati akasinja ndi magalimoto okhala ndi zida, ndege, zonyamula zida, asitikali, chakudya ndi zinthu zina. Koma magalimoto wamba monga zopulumutsa ndi zozimitsa moto, mabasi othamangitsidwa, ndi zina zambiri zimawononganso mafuta. Zinthu zotere zimakhala zovuta kuzipeza ngakhale panthawi yamtendere, ngakhale pankhondo. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwa asitikali aku Russia kunali matani 1,5 miliyoni kutengera kayendedwe ka mafuta kupita kumalo ankhondo. Olembawo anawerengera kumwa kwa asilikali a ku Ukraine pa matani 0,5 miliyoni. Iwo akufotokoza kusiyana kwake ponena kuti gulu lankhondo la ku Ukraine lili ndi njira zazifupi zopezera katundu poyerekezera ndi amene adawaukirawo ndipo nthaŵi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zida ndi magalimoto opepuka. Mafuta okwana matani 2 miliyoni adatulutsa mpweya wokwana matani 6,37 miliyoni a CO2e.

Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa zida kumayambitsanso mpweya wambiri: panthawi yopanga, panthawi yoyendetsa, pamene chowombera chikawotcha pamene chiwotchedwa komanso pamene projectile ikuphulika. Kuyerekeza kwa anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zipolopolo zankhondo kumasiyana pakati pa 5.000 ndi 60.000 patsiku. Zoposa 90% za mpweya umakhala chifukwa cha kupanga ma projectiles (jekete lachitsulo ndi zophulika). Ponseponse, mpweya wochokera ku zida zankhondo ukuyembekezeka kufika matani 1,2 miliyoni a CO2e.

Moto: matani 23,8 miliyoni a CO2e

Deta ya satelayiti ikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa moto - woyambitsidwa ndi zipolopolo, kuphulitsa mabomba ndi migodi - zawonjezeka m'malo ankhondo poyerekeza ndi chaka chatha: kuchuluka kwa moto wokhala ndi malo opitilira 1 ha kuchuluka kwa 122, malo okhudzidwa 38 -pinda. Moto wa m'nkhalango ndiwo zambiri mwa izi Kutulutsa kwamoto m'miyezi isanu ndi iwiri yoyambirira yankhondo kunali matani 23,8 miliyoni a CO2e.

Kumanganso: matani 48,7 miliyoni a CO2e

Utsi wambiri womwe umabwera chifukwa cha nkhondoyi udzabwera chifukwa chomanganso zida zomwe zidawonongeka. Zina mwa izi zikuchitika kale panthawi ya nkhondo, koma zambiri zomanganso sizidzayamba mpaka nkhondo itatha. Kuyambira pachiyambi cha nkhondo, akuluakulu a boma la Ukraine akhala akulemba za chiwonongeko chobwera chifukwa cha udani. Zomwe zinasonkhanitsidwa ndi mautumiki osiyanasiyana zidasinthidwa kukhala lipoti la Kyiv School of Economics mogwirizana ndi gulu la akatswiri ochokera ku World Bank.

Zowonongeka zambiri zili m'gawo la nyumba (58%). Pofika pa September 1, 2022, nyumba za mumzinda 6.153 zinawonongedwa ndipo 9.490 zinawonongeka. Nyumba za anthu 65.847 zinawonongeka ndipo 54.069 zinawonongeka. Kumangidwanso kudzaganizira zenizeni zatsopano: chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha anthu, si nyumba zonse zomwe zidzabwezeretsedwe. Kumbali ina, nyumba za nthawi ya Soviet ndi zazing'ono kwambiri malinga ndi masiku ano. Zipinda zatsopano zitha kukhala zazikulu. Zomangamanga zamakono ku Eastern ndi Central Europe zidagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwerengera mpweya. Kupanga simenti ndi njerwa ndi gwero lalikulu la mpweya wa CO2 Zatsopano, zida zomangira zokhala ndi mpweya wocheperako zitha kupezeka, koma chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa chiwonongekocho, ntchito yomangayi idzachitika pogwiritsa ntchito njira zomwe zilipo. The mpweya kuchokera kumanganso mayunitsi nyumba akuti 2 miliyoni matani CO28,4e, kumangidwanso kwa zomangamanga zonse zapachiweniweni - sukulu, zipatala, chikhalidwe ndi masewera malo, nyumba zachipembedzo, zomera mafakitale, masitolo, magalimoto - pa 2 miliyoni matani.

Methane kuchokera ku Nord Stream 1 ndi 2: matani 14,6 miliyoni CO2e

Olembawo amawerengeranso methane yomwe idapulumuka pomwe Mapaipi a Nord Stream adawonongeka monga mpweya wochokera kumayendedwe othawa kwawo, ntchito zankhondo, moto ndi kumanganso. Ngakhale sizikudziwika kuti ndani adachita chiwonongekocho, zikuwoneka kuti zikugwirizana ndi nkhondo ya Ukraine. Methane yothawayi ikufanana ndi matani 14,6 miliyoni a CO2e.

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1 https://seors.unfccc.int/applications/seors/attachments/get_attachment?code=U2VUG9IVUZUOLJ3GOC6PKKERKXUO3DYJ , onaninso: https://climateonline.net/2022/11/04/ukraine-cop27/

2 Klerk, Lennard de; Shmurak, Anatolii; Gassan-Zade, Olga; Shlapak, Mykola; Tomolyak, Kyryl; Korthuis, Adriaan (2022): Kuwonongeka kwa Nyengo Komwe Kumayambitsa Nkhondo ya Russia ku Ukraine: Unduna Woteteza Zachilengedwe ndi Zachilengedwe zaku Ukraine. Pa intaneti: https://climatefocus.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/ClimateDamageinUkraine.pdf