Otsutsa okhazikika

"Omwe amakana kwambiri kusintha kwa nyengo pazandale komanso azachuma ndiye nthumwi za neoliberalism ndipo omwe awalandira ndi omwe amapindulitsa"

Stephan Schulmeister pa omwe amadana ndi mayimidwe

Kuti tichepetse zoopsa komanso zovuta zakusintha kwanyengo, tiyenera kuchepetsa kutentha kwa kutentha kwapadziko lonse mpaka magawo 1,5 kuposa magawo asanakwane mafakitole. Kuti tichite izi, tiyenera kuchepetsa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha pofika chaka cha 2020 ndikutulutsa ziro pofika 2050. Izi ndizomwe akatswiri ofufuza zanyengo padziko lonse lapansi anena ndipo zomwe zidasankhidwa ndi mayiko mamembala 196 a United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change pa 12 Disembala 2015 pamsonkhano wa UN nyengo ku Paris.

Mavuto osaneneka akudikirira

Ndipo kusintha kwa nyengo silivuto lokha. Malinga ndi lipoti la Council Zachilengedwe World, pali nyama ndi zomera mozungulira miliyoni IPBES, Amene anapatsa anthu mu May 2019, angathandizidwe ndi ikutha. Ambiri atha kuzimiririka m'zaka makumi zikubwerazi ngati palibe zosintha zazikulu muzochita zathu, makamaka paulimi.

Mwakutero, tonse tikudziwa kuti tikufunika kuchitapo kanthu kuti tisiye kusintha kwa nyengo, kuwonongeka kwa zachilengedwe, kuchulukidwa kwa zinthu zachilengedwe, kuwonongedwa kwa mitsinje ndi nyanja, kusindikiza dothi lachonde ndipo potero kuwononga chuma chathu - osati kuyambira dzulo. . Tinamva mauthenga awa ndi ofanana mu miyezi ndi zaka zapitazi. Lipenga la Kalasi ya Roma ya mutu wakuti "malire A Kukula" idasindikizidwa mu 1972. Mwamsanga 1962, US m'madzi zamoyo Rachel Carson analozera zotsatira zowononga mankhwala pa chilengedwe m'buku lake "Kanthu Spring". Ndipo wafilosofi waku Geneva, katswiri wazachilengedwe komanso wowunikira Jean-Jacques Rousseau anali atalemba kale pamsonkhano wonena za malo m'zaka za zana la 18: "... mwatayika ngati mungayiwale kuti zipatsozo ndi za aliyense koma dziko lapansi silikhala la aliyense."
Yekha, palibe yankho lokwanira. Ku dzanja limodzi ndi aliyense ndi aliyense. Vuto ndale ndi malonda adzakhala koposa chifukwa aliyense payekha kuchitapo kanthu si kokwanira.

"Sindingathe kudziwa komwe bus ikupita kapena ayi," mmodzi mwa omwe akutenga nawo gawo pazomenyera nyengo amalankhula ngati chitsanzo cha kupezeka kwamagalimoto ochepa kwambiri ku Austria. Ndipo mwana aliyense tsopano akudziwa kuti kuwongolera ndege kumathandiza kwambiri pakusintha kwanyengo, koma kumakhala kwamisonkho kwambiri, koma sikungasinthe. Mosiyana ndi chidziwitso chabwinoko, ntchito yomanga njanji yachitatu ku Vienna Airport idachitidwanso. Pa A4, ndi Ostautobahn, ntchito yomanga kanjira lachitatu pakati Fischamend ndi Bruck ndi der Leitha West adzayamba mu 2023. Wapatali dziko ndi zachilengedwe m'madera ulimi kumpoto Austria wotsika ndi kuti concreted ndi motorways zina ndi expressways. Malinga ndi mawu ake eni, OMV anatchula "anayamba yaikulu Austria zivomerezi imene ikuchitika m'mbiri ya kampaniyo" m'nyengo yozizira ya 2018 mu Weinviertel kuti kufunafuna madipoziti gasi.

Adani a polojekiti: neoliberalism

Chifukwa chiyani zonse zimaloledwa kapena ngakhale kupititsidwa patsogolo, ngakhale andale ndi amalonda akuyenera kudziwa kuti kupitilizidwa kwa mkhalidwewo kudzabweretsa tsoka komanso kupha miyoyo yambiri? Kodi ndikuganiza moperewera? Mwayi? Kutsutsa zochokera pamalingaliro osakhalitsa? Katswiri wazachuma a Stephan Schulmeister akufotokoza kuchepa kwa chiwongolero cha ndale poyendetsa zachilengedwe ponena kuti ngakhale pali zovuta zonse, neoliberalism ikupezekabe: Malinga ndi ma neoliberals, misika iyenera kukhala patsogolo pakuwongolera njira, ndale ziyenera kutenga mpando wakumbuyo kuti sitepe. Mu 1960s, ukadaulo wandale udakulirakulira, kuyambira ma 1970s ndikuchulukirachulukira mchaka cha 1990, kumasuka kwa makampani aboma, zosakhazikika komanso misika yazachuma idakankhidwa ndipo boma la chitukuko likukulirakulira.

Ndi kusintha kwa ndale kumanja ku Europe ndi USA m'zaka zaposachedwa, maubwino azachikhalidwe adayambiranso, kusankhana mitundu ndi anthu ambiri kukufalikira, ndipo umboni wotsimikizika mwasayansi (monga kusintha kwa nyengo) ukufunsidwa. Amatsutsana ndi kukhazikika. "Omwe amakana kwambiri kusintha kwa nyengo pazandale komanso azachuma ndiye nthumwi za ma neoliberalism ndipo omwe amapindula ndi omwe amapanga izi," atero a Stephan Schulmeister. Koma mavuto apadziko lonse lapansi amatha kuthetsedwa padziko lonse lapansi, chifukwa chake mgwirizano wapadziko lonse monga mgwirizano wachitetezo cha nyengo ya Paris wa 2015 ndi wofunikira kwambiri. Komabe, muli zinthu mwanzeru.

Mu kukhazikitsa Komabe, wina amakankhira tonde pa ena kapena miyezo zofunika pa tsiku la mtsogolo. China Mwachitsanzo, ananena vis-à-vis limati kumadzulo: Ife zimatulutsa zosakwana inu, kotero tiyenera ufulu zambiri umuna kuposa inu. Kumbali yomweyo, ndi kulondola, anavomereza Stephan Schulmeister, koma ngati China, India ndi ena atapeza mayiko otukuka mothandizidwa ndi mpweya wowonjezera kutentha, chiyembekezo cha nyengo sichingatheke.
Chachiwiri ndichakuti nthawi zambiri amati aliyense amayenera kuchitapo kanthu nthawi imodzi, chifukwa ngati atatero apainiya omwe achitapo kanthu chifukwa cha nyengo amatha kukhala ndi zovuta zopikisana. mfundo iyi ndi chabe zolakwika, akuti Schulmeister.

maganizo ake Ndi awa: European Union, mtengo njira mafuta okumba pansi kuti kutsimikiza mtima, amene kukanachititsa kuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono mitengo ndi 2050. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamsika wogulitsa padziko lonse lapansi zimayenera kutengeka ndi msonkho wosasintha wa chilengedwe ndikugwiritsanso ntchito ndalama zokomera nyengo (monga kukonzanso zomangamanga, kufutukula magalimoto amtundu wa anthu komanso magwero amagetsi obwezeretsanso zinthu) .. Kuyendetsa ndege kumayenera kukhala ndi msonkho waukulu, ndipo njira zopangira ma sitimayi apamwamba kwambiri zimayenera kupangidwa ku Europe. "Ndikulimbana ndi zovuta, koma pokweza mitengo pang'onopang'ono," akufotokoza motero wachuma. Misonkho yoyenera ngati imeneyi ingakhale yogwirizana ndi WTO ndipo sikuti ingakhale yopweteketsa msika wamkati wa EU, akuwonjezera.

Kuyendetsa ndege kwapangitsa mpikisano wabwino kwazaka zambiri. Palibe msonkho mafuta pa palafini, palibe VAT pa matikiti mayiko ndege, ndipo amapereka kwa ndege zing'onozing'ono. Misonkho imayamba kugwira ntchito nthawi yomweyo ndikukakamiza kusintha kwa njanji kapena kaphokoso kaulendo wa ndege.

Otsutsa pachitukuko: zofuna za munthu payekha zimapambana

Komabe, zinthu zambiri zabwino mu European Union zatsekedwa kapena kuthiriridwa chifukwa mayiko mamembala akufuna kudzipindulira iwo ndi mafakitale awo.
Chitsanzo chimodzi ndi wakupha udzu glyphosate. Mu October 2017, Nyumba ya Malamulo ku Ulaya kulimbikitsa zoletsedwa kotheratu herbicides glyphosate ofotokoza ndi December 2022 ndi kukaniza mwamsanga pa ntchito ya thunthu. Khothi ku U.S. lidagamula katatu konse kuti glyphosate adathandizira khansa ya munthu. Komabe, EU ovomerezeka chomera poizoni mu November 2017 ndi zina zaka zisanu. A European European agency ECHA sati glyphosate ngati carcinogenic. Malinga Global 2000, zasonyeza kuti mamembala a bungwe la ECHA zimakhudzidwa makampani mankhwala, kuti maphunziro akhala molakwa imawunikidwa ndi kuti anapezazo yovuta akhala ananyalanyaza. Zimangothandiza kuti anthu ambiri momwe angathere kuchokera pachiwonetsero cha anthu kuti awonetse kuti zokonda zawo ndizofunikanso.
Kusintha zizovuta.

Kupangaulendo wopita ku Tel Aviv kumapeto kwa sabata kapena kupita kukachiritsa ku Ayurveda ku India, tchuthi cha mabanja ku Kenya kapena ku Brazil anangosungidwa osankhidwa zaka zingapo zapitazo. Cheap ndege ndi "ozizira" moyo apanga izi chizolowezi, makamaka kwa ophunzira Nthawi zinanso zosawononga chilengedwe anthu oganiza. Koma kusintha zizolowezi ndizovuta, akutero a Fred Luks, wamkulu wa Competence Center for Sustainability ku WU Vienna, yemwe amathandizira mabungwe mothandizidwa kuti asasunthike ndipo samataya mawu okhazikika. Kuphatikiza apo, tiyenera kusintha zochita zathu kwambiri osawona zotsatira zake.
Koma, akutero Fred Luks: "Ndimaona kuti ndizosangalatsa kuti achinyamatawa Lachisanu Labwinoamene amafunsa njira zenizeni zandale amafunsidwa ngati akukhala mwachilengedwe. ”Akuluakulu omwe amafunsa mafunso amenewa kapena omwe amadzudzula achinyamata kuti amagwiritsa ntchito mabotolo apulasitiki kapena kugula zovala zotsika mtengo ayenera kuganizira bwino za omwe amasankha. "Atsogoleri andale amasankhidwa omwe akufuna kukhala ndi moyo ngati wa 1950", katswiri wokhazikika amadzifunsa za "ndale za mphuno".

A Stephan Schulmeister ati "dongosolo lazandale limangomva pokhapokha pachitika zoopsa," watero kwambiri. Kodi mungatani kuti ndale zizichita mofulumira? Kukakamira yeniyeni, kusonkhanitsa anthu ambiri izo, maukonde padziko lonse lapansi ndipo ali kukhala mphamvu, ngakhale zaka, limalangiza zachuma ndi.

Fred Luks akuonetsa ntchito mphamvu zanu pa nkhani zabwino: "sindinenso kukambirana ndi kusintha kwa nyengo otsutsa. Sindikukambirana ngati dziko lapansi ndi disk. ”Koma palibe ntchito pakuitanitsa anthu omwe akumana ndi zoopsa, amangowaleketsa. M'malo mwake, munthu ayenera kusonyeza momwe kuziziritsa moyo zisathe adzakhala Mwachitsanzo, ngati panali magalimoto wochepekedwa Vienna ndi msewu akhoza kumwedwa ena. Zoona zovuta ziyenera kukhala patebulopo, akutero, koma muyenera kupanga njira zina zokongola.
Fred Luks amakhulupirira kuti kuzindikira kuti simungathe kupita monga kale kale ambiri. Kwa omwe sakudziwa kuti akutenga mbali yanji, akuonetsa kuti buku la "Imperial Lifestyle" lolemba a Ulrich Brand ndi Markus Wissen. Asayansi awiri ndale kuonetseratu Mwachitsanzo, mmene chotheka kukula amphamvu ziphaso zatsopano za SUVs ngati "zovuta njira" ali. Ma SUV ndi akulu komanso olemera kuposa magalimoto omwe ali mgululi, amatha mafuta ochulukirapo, amatulutsa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha ndipo, owopsa kwa omwe akuchita nawo ngozi.

Global kaonedwe akusowa

Aliyense amakhala ndi chidwi chokha ndi dziko lawo ndipo amayesetsa kutsimikizira kupulumuka kapena moyo wa banja lawo. Ikuluikulu malo ndi yaitali nthawi kugwirizana ndi vuto, ang'onoang'ono chiwerengero cha anthu amene kuthana ndi njira zake, monga chiyambi cha buku la "The Malire Growth" kuchokera m'chaka Choncho 1972. anthu ochepa amaona lonse kuti chimafikira mpaka m'tsogolo.
Hans Punzenberger, yemwe anabadwira ku Upper Austria ndipo amakhala ku Vorarlberg, ndi m'masomphenya. Wakhala akugwira ntchito yofalitsa mphamvu zamagetsi zosinthika kwa zaka 20, tsopano akuphatikizanso "Klimacent". Izi ndi ndalama zaufulu zomwe maboma 35 komanso mabizinesi ndi anthu wamba ku Vorarlberg akulipira kale thumba la nyengo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mabizinesi azithandizira kuteteza nyengo. M'malo modikirira ndalama zapagulu, ophunzirawo adadzilimbitsa okha ndikugawana ndalamazi mosawerengera komanso mogwirizana. "Tiyenera chikhalidwe chatsopano cha umodzi," anatero Hans Punzenberger kutifotokozera.

Kapena ndewu?

Mlembi British ndi womenyera ufulu zachilengedwe George Monbiot nachiyika kwambiri zambiri mu nyuzipepala The Guardian mu April 2019: "Only kupanduka chingamulepheretse ndi Chivumbulutso zachilengedwe" - kupanduka okha kupewa Chivumbulutso zachilengedwe. Gululi "Extinction Rebellion" (XR), lomwe linakhazikitsidwa ku Great Britain monga gulu lolemekezeka, limayesetsa kuchita izi pogwiritsa ntchito njira zopangira, mwachitsanzo, misewu, milatho kapena kulowa kwa kampani. Oyambitsa XR akukulanso ku Austria. Ma drones omwe adawonetsa ma eyapoti ku London ndi Frankfurt m'miyezi yaposachedwa atha kukhala mtundu wopanduka.
Lachisanu loyamba la Mtsogolo posachedwa Khrisimasi 2018, panali achinyamata ochepa okha ku Heldenplatz ku Vienna. chithunzi A kuwerenga: "More sayansi. Kutenga nawo mbali kwambiri. Kulimba mtima kwambiri. "Patatha miyezi isanu, Lachisanu lililonse, achinyamata ambiri amapita kumisewu ndikuyitanitsa andale kuti" Tiwombera kufikira mutachitapo kanthu! "

Photo / Video: Shutterstock.