Kutembenuka Kwakukulu 2: Kuchokera Pamsika kupita ku Sosaiti Kawonedwe S4F PA

Kodi kusintha kumoyo wokonda nyengo ku Austria kutheka bwanji? Izi ndi zomwe lipoti laposachedwa la APCC "Mapangidwe a moyo wokonda nyengo" likunena. Samayang'ana kusintha kwa nyengo kuchokera kumalingaliro asayansi, koma akufotokoza mwachidule zomwe asayansi apeza pafunsoli. Dr. Margret Haderer ndi mmodzi mwa olemba lipotili ndipo anali ndi udindo, mwa zina, mutu wakuti: "Zoyembekeza za kusanthula ndi kupanga mapangidwe a moyo wokonda nyengo". Martin Auer amalankhula naye za malingaliro osiyanasiyana asayansi pafunso logwirizana ndi nyengo, zomwe zimatsogolera ku matenda osiyanasiyana komanso njira zosiyanasiyana zothetsera mavuto.

Martin Auer: Wokondedwa Margret, funso loyamba: kodi dera lanu laukatswiri ndi chiyani, mukugwira ntchito yotani ndipo gawo lanu linali lotani mu lipoti la APCC?

Margaret Haderer: Ndine wasayansi pazandale pophunzitsidwa komanso momwe ndimafotokozera zomwe ndalemba sindidachite ndi kusintha kwanyengo, koma ndi nkhani yanyumba. Popeza ndinabwerera ku Vienna - ndinali kuchita PhD yanga ku yunivesite ya Toronto - kenako ndinachita gawo langa la postdoc pa mutu wa nyengo, ntchito yofufuza yomwe imayang'ana momwe mizinda imachitira ndi kusintha kwa nyengo, makamaka zomwe mizinda yolamulira. Ndipo zinali munkhaniyi pomwe ndidafunsidwa kuti ndilembe Lipoti la APCC motsutsana ndi zomwe ndachita pazachilengedwe. Umenewo unali mgwirizano wa zaka ziwiri. Ntchito ya mutu uwu wokhala ndi dzina losamveka inali kufotokoza malingaliro akuluakulu omwe alipo mu sayansi ya chikhalidwe cha anthu pa kusintha kwa nyengo. Funso la momwe mapangidwe angapangidwe m'njira yoti azikhala ogwirizana ndi nyengo ndi funso la chikhalidwe cha anthu. Asayansi angapereke yankho lochepa pa izi. Choncho: Kodi mumabweretsa bwanji kusintha kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu kuti mukwaniritse cholinga china.

Martin Auer: Kenako munagawa izi m'magulu anayi, malingaliro osiyanasiyana awa. Kodi chimenecho chikanakhala chiyani?

Margaret Haderer: Pachiyambi tidayang'ana m'mabuku ambiri a sayansi ya chikhalidwe cha anthu ndipo kenako tinafika pozindikira kuti malingaliro anayi ndiwo opambana kwambiri: malingaliro amsika, kenako malingaliro atsopano, momwe amaperekera komanso momwe anthu amawonera. Malingaliro awa aliyense amatanthauza matenda osiyanasiyana - Ndi zovuta ziti zomwe anthu amakumana nazo zokhudzana ndi kusintha kwa nyengo? - Komanso mayankho osiyanasiyana.

Mawonedwe amsika

Martin Auer:: Kodi kutsindika kwa malingaliro osiyanasiyana amalingaliro awa omwe amawasiyanitsa ndi chiyani?

Margaret Haderer: Mawonekedwe amsika ndi zatsopano ndizowoneka bwino kwambiri.

Martin Auer:  Wolamulira tsopano akutanthauza ndale, m'nkhani zapagulu?

Margaret Haderer: Inde, m’nkhani zapoyera, m’zandale, m’zamalonda. Malingaliro a msika amalingalira kuti vuto la mapangidwe osagwirizana ndi nyengo ndiloti ndalama zenizeni, mwachitsanzo, zachilengedwe ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu, za moyo wosasangalatsa wa nyengo siziwonetsedwa: muzinthu, momwe timakhalira, zomwe timadya, momwe kusuntha kumapangidwira.

Martin Auer: Ndiye zonsezi sizotsika mtengo, sizikuwoneka pamtengo? Izi zikutanthauza kuti anthu amalipira kwambiri.

Margaret Haderer: Ndendende. Sosaite imalipira zambiri, koma zambiri zimaperekedwanso ku mibadwo yamtsogolo kapena ku Global South. Ndani amanyamula ndalama za chilengedwe? Nthawi zambiri si ife, koma anthu omwe amakhala kwina.

Martin Auer: Ndipo mawonekedwe a msika akufuna kulowererapo bwanji tsopano?

Margaret Haderer: Malingaliro amsika akuganiza zopanga zowona zamtengo potengera mitengo yakunja. Mitengo ya CO2 ingakhale chitsanzo chenicheni cha izi. Ndiyeno pali vuto lokhazikitsa: Kodi mumawerengera bwanji mpweya wa CO2, mumachepetsera ku CO2 yokha kapena mumagula mtengo pazotsatira zamagulu. Pali njira zosiyanasiyana mkati mwamalingaliro awa, koma malingaliro amsika ndi okhudza kupanga ndalama zenizeni. Izi zimagwira ntchito bwino m'malo ena kuposa ena. Izi zitha kugwira ntchito bwino ndi chakudya kuposa m'malo omwe malingaliro amitengo amakhala ovuta. Ndiye ngati tsopano mukugwira ntchito yomwe siikhala yopindulitsa, mwachitsanzo, chisamaliro, mumapanga bwanji ndalama zenizeni? Ubwino wa chilengedwe ungakhale chitsanzo, kodi ndi bwino kukwera mtengo pakupumula?

Martin Auer: Ndiye kodi tikutsutsa kale malingaliro a msika?

Margaret Haderer: Inde. Timayang'ana mbali zonse: matenda ndi chiyani, njira zothetsera vutoli ndi zotani. Koma sizokhudza kusewera wina ndi mzake, zimafunika kuphatikiza malingaliro onse anayi.

Martin Auer: Chotsatira ndiye chikanakhala kawonedwe katsopano?

Malingaliro atsopano

Margaret Haderer: Ndendende. Tinkatsutsana kwambiri ngati sizili mbali ya msika. Komanso malingaliro awa sangasiyanitsidwe kwambiri. Munthu amayesa kulingalira chinthu chomwe sichinafotokozedwe momveka bwino.

Martin Auer: Koma si zaukadaulo chabe?

Margaret Haderer: Kupanga zatsopano kumachepetsedwa kukhala luso laukadaulo. Pamene tauzidwa ndi andale ena kuti njira yowona yothanirana ndi vuto la nyengo yagona mu luso lazopangapanga zambiri, amenewo ndiwo malingaliro ofala. Ndiwosavuta chifukwa imalonjeza kuti muyenera kusintha pang'ono momwe mungathere. Magalimoto: Kutali ndi injini yoyaka (yomwe tsopano "kutali" ikugwedezekanso pang'ono) kupita ku njira za e-mobility, inde, muyeneranso kusintha zomangamanga, muyenera kusintha kwambiri ngati mukufuna kupanga mphamvu zina. , koma kuyenda kumakhalabe kwa wogula womaliza, wogula monga momwe analili.

Martin Auer: Banja lililonse lili ndi galimoto imodzi ndi theka, koma tsopano ndi magetsi.

Margaret Haderer: Inde. Ndipo ndipamene malingaliro a msika ali pafupi kwambiri, chifukwa amadalira lonjezo lakuti zatsopano zamakono zidzapambana pamsika, kugulitsa bwino, ndi kuti chinachake chonga kukula kobiriwira chikhoza kupangidwa kumeneko. Izo sizigwira ntchito bwino chifukwa pali rebound zotsatira. Izi zikutanthauza kuti zatsopano zamakono nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi zotsatira zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovulaza nyengo. Kukhala ndi ma e-magalimoto: Ndiwopanga zambiri pakupanga, ndipo izi zikutanthauza kuti mpweya womwe umatsika pamenepo sudzawomboledwa. Tsopano, mkati mwa mkangano wamakono, palinso ena omwe amati: tiyenera kuchoka ku lingaliro lopapatiza la luso lamakono kupita ku lingaliro lalikulu, lomwe ndi luso la chikhalidwe cha anthu. Kodi pali kusiyana kotani? Ndi luso lamakono, lomwe liri pafupi ndi msika, lingaliro limakhalapo kuti zobiriwira zobiriwira zidzapambana - moyenera - ndiyeno tidzakhala ndi kukula kobiriwira, sitiyenera kusintha chilichonse chokhudza kukula komweko. Anthu omwe amalimbikitsa chitukuko cha chikhalidwe cha anthu kapena chikhalidwe ndi chilengedwe amati tiyenera kusamala kwambiri ndi zotsatira zomwe tikufuna kupanga. Ngati tikufuna kukhala ndi mapangidwe ogwirizana ndi nyengo, ndiye kuti sitingathe kungoyang'ana zomwe zikulowa pamsika, chifukwa malingaliro a msika ndi malingaliro a kukula. Tikufuna lingaliro lokulitsidwa lazatsopano lomwe limaganizira kwambiri za chilengedwe ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu.

Martin Auer: Mwachitsanzo, osati kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zomangira zosiyana, komanso kukhala mosiyanasiyana, nyumba zosiyana, zipinda zofala kwambiri m'nyumba kuti muthe kupeza zinthu zochepa, kubowola kwa nyumba yonse m'malo mwa banja lililonse.

Margaret Haderer: Ndendende, chimenecho ndi chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri cha momwe machitidwe ena atsiku ndi tsiku amakupangitsirani kukhala ndi moyo, kudya komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mafoni kwambiri. Ndipo chitsanzo chamoyo ichi ndi chitsanzo chabwino. Kwa nthawi yayitali zinkaganiziridwa kuti nyumba yopanda phokoso pamunda wobiriwira inali tsogolo lokhazikika. Ndilo luso lamakono, koma zinthu zambiri sizinaganiziridwe: munda wobiriwira sunaganizidwe kwa nthawi yaitali, kapena zomwe zikutanthawuza - zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatheka ndi galimoto kapena magalimoto awiri. Kusintha kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu kumakhazikitsa zolinga zokhazikika, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi nyengo, ndiyeno zimayesa kuyang'ana pa matekinoloje ophatikizana ndi machitidwe omwe amalonjeza kukwaniritsa cholinga ichi. Kukwanira nthawi zonse kumakhala ndi gawo. Chifukwa chake musamange chatsopano, koma konzani yomwe ilipo. Kugawa malo wamba ndikupangitsa kuti zipinda zing'onozing'ono zikhale zatsopano.

Kawonedwe kakutumizidwa

Ndiye pali kawonedwe kotsatira, kawonedwe kakutumizidwa. Sizinali zophweka kugwirizana nazo. Kawonedwe kakuperekedwako kumadutsa pazatsopano zapagulu, zomwe zimadzipereka ku zolinga zokhazikika. Malo oyandikana nawo ali ndi mfundo yakuti malingaliro operekedwawo amakayikira ubwino wa anthu onse kapena ubwino wa chikhalidwe cha chinthu ndipo samangoganiza kuti zomwe zili pamsika ndi zabwino kwa anthu.

Martin Auer: Kutumiza tsopano kulinso lingaliro losamveka. Ndani amapereka chiyani kwa ndani?

Margaret Haderer: Popereka zinthuzo, munthu amadzifunsa funso lofunika kwambiri: kodi katundu ndi ntchitozo zimafika bwanji kwa ife? Ndi chiyani chinanso choposa msika? Tikamadya katundu ndi ntchito, sikuti ndi msika wokha, pamakhalabe zida zambiri zapagulu kumbuyo kwake. Mwachitsanzo, misewu yomwe imamangidwa poyera imatibweretsera katundu wochokera ku XYZ, zomwe timadya. Malingaliro awa akuganiza kuti chuma ndi chachikulu kuposa msika. Palinso ntchito yochuluka yosalipidwa, yomwe nthawi zambiri imachitidwa ndi amayi, ndipo msika sungagwire ntchito konse ngati kukanakhala kuti palibe madera ocheperako, monga yunivesite. Simungathe kuwayendetsa mongoganizira za phindu, ngakhale pali zizolowezi zotere.

Martin Auer: Chifukwa chake misewu, gridi yamagetsi, zimbudzi, kutaya zinyalala ...

Margaret Haderer: …kindergartens, nyumba zopuma pantchito, zoyendera za anthu onse, chithandizo chamankhwala ndi zina zotero. Ndipo potengera izi, funso la ndale limabuka: Kodi timakonza bwanji zoperekedwa ndi anthu? Kodi msika umagwira ntchito yanji, uyenera kuchita chiyani, suyenera kuchita chiyani? Kodi ubwino ndi kuipa kwa anthu ambiri ndi chiyani? Malingaliro awa amayang'ana kwambiri boma kapena mzinda, osati ngati munthu yemwe amapanga msika, koma yemwe nthawi zonse amapanga zabwino zonse mwanjira ina. Popanga mapangidwe osagwirizana ndi nyengo kapena nyengo, mapangidwe a ndale amakhudzidwa nthawi zonse. Kuzindikira vuto ndi: Kodi mautumiki omwe ali ndi chidwi amamveka bwanji? Pali mitundu ya ntchito yomwe ili yokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu, monga chisamaliro, ndipo ndizovuta kwambiri, koma osazindikirika pang'ono.

Martin Auer: Njira zochulukira zothandizira: mukufuna zinthu zochepa? Ndiye chosiyana ndi chogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri?

Margaret Haderer: Ndendende. Komabe, pamene kuyang'ana kwambiri pa msika, mitundu ya ntchito imeneyi nthawi zambiri imayesedwa molakwika. Mumalandira malipiro oyipa m'madera awa, simudziwika bwino ndi anthu. Unamwino ndi chitsanzo tingachipeze powerenga. Malingaliro operekedwa akugogomezera kuti ntchito monga wosunga ndalama m'masitolo akuluakulu kapena osamalira ndizofunikira kwambiri pakuberekana. Ndipo potengera izi, funso limabuka: Kodi izi siziyenera kuwunikiridwanso ngati malo okonda nyengo ndiye cholinga? Kodi sikungakhale kofunikira kuganizanso mozama motengera zomwe zikuchitika: Kodi izi zimawachitira chiyani anthu ammudzi?

Martin Auer: Zosowa zambiri zimene timagula kuti tikhutiritse zingathenso kukwaniritsidwa m’njira zina. Nditha kugula chopukutira kunyumba chotere kapena nditha kupita kwa otikita minofu. Ubwino weniweni ndi masseur. Ndipo kupyolera mu kawonedwe ka kaperekedwe ka zinthu, munthu atha kuwongolera chuma kuti tisinthe zosowa ndi zinthu zakuthupi ndi zina zambiri ndi ntchito zaumwini.

Margaret Haderer: Inde, ndendende. Kapena tingayang’ane malo osambira. M’zaka zaposachedwapa pakhala chizoloŵezi, makamaka kumidzi, chakuti aliyense akhale ndi dziwe lake losambira kuseri kwa nyumba. Ngati mukufuna kupanga malo ogwirizana ndi nyengo, mukufunikira ma municipalities, mzinda kapena boma lomwe limayimitsa chifukwa limatulutsa madzi ambiri apansi ndikupereka dziwe losambira.

Martin Auer: Choncho wa commune.

Margaret Haderer: Ena amalankhula za moyo wapamwamba wa anthu wamba ngati m'malo mwa zinthu zachinsinsi.

Martin Auer: Nthawi zonse zimaganiziridwa kuti kayendetsedwe ka chilungamo kwanyengo kumatengera kudziletsa. Ndikuganiza kuti tiyenera kutsindika kuti tikufuna zinthu zapamwamba, koma zamtundu wina. Chifukwa chake moyo wapagulu ndi mawu abwino kwambiri.

Margaret Haderer: Ku Vienna, zambiri zimaperekedwa poyera, ma kindergartens, maiwe osambira, malo ochitira masewera, kuyenda kwa anthu. Vienna nthawi zonse amasilira kwambiri kuchokera kunja.

Martin Auer: Inde, Vienna anali kale chitsanzo mu nthawi ya nkhondo, ndipo anapangidwa mwachidziwitso motero. Ndi nyumba zamudzi, mapaki, maiwe akunja aulere a ana, ndipo panali ndondomeko yozindikira kwambiri kumbuyo kwake.

Margaret Haderer: Ndipo zinalinso zopambana kwambiri. Vienna amapitilizabe kulandira mphotho ngati mzinda wokhala ndi moyo wapamwamba, ndipo samalandira mphotho izi chifukwa chilichonse chimaperekedwa mwachinsinsi. Kupereka kwa anthu kumakhudza kwambiri moyo wapamwamba mumzinda uno. Ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotsika mtengo, zimawonedwa kwa nthawi yayitali, kuposa ngati mutasiya chilichonse kumsika ndiye kuti mutenge zidutswazo, titero. Chitsanzo chapamwamba: USA ili ndi njira zothandizira zaumoyo, ndipo palibe dziko lina padziko lapansi lomwe limawononga ndalama zambiri pazaumoyo monga USA. Amakhala ndi ndalama zambiri zaboma ngakhale kuti osewera azisewera payekha ali ndi mphamvu zambiri. Izi sizongowononga ndalama mwadala.

Martin Auer: Chifukwa chake malingaliro operekedwawo atanthauza kuti madera okhala ndi anthu onse adzakulitsidwanso. Ndiye boma kapena ma municipalities ali ndi chikoka pa momwe amapangidwira. Vuto limodzi ndi loti misewu imapangidwa poyera, koma sitisankha komwe misewu imapangidwira. Onani ngalande ya Lobau mwachitsanzo.

Margaret Haderer: Inde, koma ngati mutati muvotere mumsewu wa ku Lobau, mbali yaikulu ingakhale yogwirizana ndi kumanga ngalande ya Lobau.

Martin Auer: Ndizotheka, pali zokonda zambiri zomwe zikukhudzidwa. Komabe, ndikukhulupirira kuti anthu atha kupeza zotsatira zabwino munjira zademokalase ngati njira sizikukhudzidwa ndi zokonda zomwe, mwachitsanzo, zimayika ndalama zambiri pazotsatsa zotsatsa.

Margaret Haderer: Sindingagwirizane nazo. Ulamuliro wa demokalase, kaya woyimira kapena wotengapo mbali, sinthawi zonse umagwira ntchito mokomera nyumba zokomera nyengo. Ndipo mwina muyenera kugwirizana nazo. Ulamuliro wa demokalase siwotsimikiziranso zomanga zomwe zimagwirizana ndi nyengo. Ngati mutavota tsopano pa injini yoyaka mkati - panali kafukufuku ku Germany - 76 peresenti ikanakhala yotsutsana ndi chiletsocho. Demokalase ikhoza kulimbikitsa nyumba zokomera nyengo, koma zimathanso kuzifooketsa. Boma, mabungwe aboma, athanso kulimbikitsa nyumba zomwe zimagwirizana ndi nyengo, koma mabungwe aboma amathanso kulimbikitsa kapena kuyika simenti nyumba zosagwirizana ndi nyengo. Mbiri ya boma ndi imodzi yomwe yakhala ikulimbikitsa mafuta oyaka mafuta m'zaka mazana angapo zapitazi. Chifukwa chake onse demokalase komanso boma ngati bungwe litha kukhala chowongolera komanso chopumira. Ndikofunikiranso pamalingaliro operekera kuti mutsutse chikhulupiliro chakuti nthawi iliyonse yomwe boma likuchitapo kanthu, ndizabwino potengera nyengo. M'mbuyomu sizinali choncho, ndichifukwa chake anthu ena amazindikira mwachangu kuti timafunikira demokalase yolunjika, koma sizodziwikiratu kuti zimatsogolera kuzinthu zokomera nyengo.

Martin Auer: Izi sizodziwikiratu. Ndikuganiza kuti zimatengera kuzindikira komwe muli nako. Ndizodabwitsa kuti tili ndi madera ochepa ku Austria omwe ndi okonda kwambiri nyengo kuposa dziko lonse. Mukapita pansi, anthu amakhala ndi luntha lochulukirapo, kotero kuti athe kuwunika bwino zotsatira za chisankho chimodzi kapena china. Kapena California ndiyokonda kwambiri nyengo kuposa US yonse.

Margaret Haderer: Ndizowona ku USA kuti mizinda komanso mayiko monga California nthawi zambiri amachita upainiya. Koma ngati muyang'ana ndondomeko ya chilengedwe ku Ulaya, dziko la supranational, i.e. EU, ndilo bungwe lomwe limakhazikitsa miyezo yambiri.

Martin Auer: Koma ngati tsopano ndikuyang'ana Bungwe la Citizens Climate Council, mwachitsanzo, adadza ndi zotsatira zabwino kwambiri ndipo adapereka malingaliro abwino kwambiri. Imeneyi inali njira yokha yomwe simunangovotera, koma pamene munafika pazisankho ndi uphungu wa sayansi.

Margaret Haderer: Sindikufuna kutsutsana ndi njira zotenga nawo mbali, koma zisankho ziyenera kupangidwanso. Pankhani ya injini yoyaka moto, zikanakhala zabwino ngati zitagamulidwa pa mlingo wa EU ndiyeno ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa. Ndikuganiza kuti zimatengera zonse ziwiri. Zosankha zandale ndizofunikira, monga lamulo loteteza nyengo, lomwe limakhazikitsidwanso, ndipo ndithudi kutenga nawo mbali kumafunikanso.

Maonedwe a anthu

Martin Auer: Izi zimatifikitsa ku chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi chilengedwe.

Margaret Haderer: Inde, umenewo unali udindo wanga, ndipo ndi za kusanthula mozama. Kodi zida izi, malo omwe timasamukiramo, zidakhala bwanji momwe zilili, tidalowa bwanji muvuto lanyengo? Chifukwa chake izi tsopano zikupita mozama kuposa "mipweya yambiri yotenthetsa mumlengalenga". Malingaliro a chikhalidwe cha anthu amafunsanso mbiri yakale momwe tinafikira kumeneko. Pano ife tiri pakati pa mbiri yamakono, yomwe inali kwambiri ku Ulaya-centric, mbiri ya mafakitale, capitalism ndi zina zotero. Izi zimatifikitsa ku mkangano wa "Anthropocene". Mavuto a nyengo ali ndi mbiri yakale, koma panali kuwonjezereka kwakukulu pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse ndi kukhazikika kwa mafuta oyaka, magalimoto, kuphulika kwamatauni, ndi zina zotero. Imeneyo ndi nkhani yaifupi kwambiri. Zomangamanga zidatulukira zomwe zinali zokulirapo, zogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri komanso zopanda chilungamo, komanso padziko lonse lapansi. Izi zili ndi zambiri zokhudzana ndi kumangidwanso pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, ndi Fordism1, kukhazikitsidwa kwa mabungwe ogula zinthu, motsogozedwa ndi mphamvu zakufa. Chitukukochi chinagwirizananso ndi utsamunda ndi kuchotsa2 m'madera ena. Choncho sizinagawidwe mofanana. Moyo wabwino wokhala ndi banja limodzi ndi galimoto umafunikira chuma chambiri kuchokera kwina, kotero kuti kwinakwake munthu wina sakuchita tero. bwino, komanso ali ndi kawonedwe ka jenda. "Anthropocene" si munthu payekha. "Munthu" [woyang'anira Anthropocene] amakhala ku Global North ndipo makamaka amuna. Anthropocene imachokera ku kusagwirizana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi komanso kusagwirizana kwapadziko lonse. Zotsatira za vuto la nyengo zimagawidwa mosagwirizana, koma momwemonso zomwe zimayambitsa vuto la nyengo. Sizinali “munthu wotero” amene anakhudzidwa. Muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa zomwe zidapangitsa kuti tikhale komwe tili. Sizokhudza khalidwe. Komabe, wina amazindikira kuti nkhani zachilungamo nthawi zonse zimakhala zoyenera kuthana ndi vuto la nyengo. Chilungamo pakati pa mibadwo, chilungamo pakati pa amuna ndi akazi komanso chilungamo chapadziko lonse.

Martin Auer: Tilinso ndi kusalingana kwakukulu mkati mwa Global South komanso ku Global North. Pali anthu omwe kusintha kwanyengo sikukhala vuto lalikulu chifukwa amatha kudziteteza ku vuto lawo.

Margaret Haderer: Mwachitsanzo ndi air conditioning. Sikuti aliyense angathe kuzikwanitsa, ndipo zimakulitsa vuto la nyengo. Ndikhoza kuzizizira, koma ndimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri ndipo wina amanyamula ndalama zake.

Martin Auer: Ndipo ndidzatenthetsa mzindawo nthawi yomweyo. Kapena ndimatha kuyendetsa galimoto kupita kumapiri kukatentha kwambiri kapena kuwulukira kwina kulikonse.

Margaret Haderer: Nyumba yachiwiri ndi zinthu, inde.

Martin Auer: Kodi munthu anganenedi kuti zithunzithunzi zosiyanasiyana za anthu zimagwira ntchito pamalingaliro osiyanasiyanawa?

Margaret Haderer: Ndikanena za malingaliro osiyanasiyana okhudza anthu komanso kusintha kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu.

Martin Auer: Kotero pali, mwachitsanzo, chithunzi cha "Homo oeconomicus".

Margaret Haderer: Inde, tinakambirananso zimenezo. Chifukwa chake "homo oeconomicus" ingakhale yofanana ndi msika. Munthu yemwe ali ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu komanso wodalira anthu, pazochitika za ena, ndiye kuti ndiye chithunzi cha momwe angaperekere. Kuchokera pamalingaliro a anthu, pali zithunzi zambiri za anthu, ndipo ndipamene zimakhala zovuta kwambiri. "Homo socialis" zitha kunenedwa pamawonekedwe a anthu komanso momwe amaperekera.

Martin Auer: Kodi funso la "zosowa zenizeni" za anthu limadzutsidwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana? Kodi anthu amafunikira chiyani kwenikweni? Sindifuna chotenthetsera cha gasi, ndiyenera kutentha, ndikufunika kutentha. Ndikufuna chakudya, koma zikhoza kukhala njira iliyonse, ndikhoza kudya nyama kapena kudya masamba. Pazaumoyo, sayansi yazakudya imagwirizana pazomwe anthu amafunikira, koma kodi funsoli likupezekanso m'njira zambiri?

Margaret Haderer: Lingaliro lililonse limapereka mayankho ku funso ili. Malingaliro a msika amalingalira kuti timapanga zisankho zomveka, kuti zosowa zathu zimatanthauzidwa ndi zomwe timagula. Muzopereka ndi malingaliro a anthu, zimaganiziridwa kuti zomwe timaganiza kuti ndizofunikira nthawi zonse zimamangidwa ndi anthu. Zosowa zimapangidwanso, kudzera mu malonda ndi zina zotero. Koma ngati zolinga zokonda nyengo ndizofuna, ndiye kuti pangakhale chosowa chimodzi kapena ziwiri zomwe sitingakwanitse. Mu Chingerezi pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa "zosowa" ndi "zofuna" - mwachitsanzo, zosowa ndi zokhumba. Mwachitsanzo, pali kafukufuku wosonyeza kuti kukula kwa nyumba za banja limodzi pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, yomwe kale inkaonedwa ngati yapamwamba panthawiyo, ndi kukula kwake komwe kungathe kuzindikirika bwino kwambiri. Koma zomwe zidachitika m'gawo lanyumba yokhala ndi banja limodzi kuyambira m'ma 1990 kupita mtsogolo - nyumba zakula ndikukula - china chonga chimenecho sichingawonekere konsekonse.

Martin Auer: Ndikuganiza kuti chilengedwe chonse ndi mawu olondola. Moyo wabwino kwa aliyense uyenera kukhala wa aliyense, ndipo choyamba zofunika zofunika ziyenera kukwaniritsidwa.

Margaret Haderer: Inde, pali kale maphunziro pa izi, koma palinso mkangano wovuta ngati zingatheke kutsimikiziridwa motere. Pali maphunziro a chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi zamaganizo pa izi, koma ndale ndizovuta kulowererapo, chifukwa osachepera kuchokera ku msika ukhoza kukhala kusokoneza ufulu wa munthu aliyense. Koma si aliyense angakwanitse dziwe lawo.

Martin Auer: Ndikukhulupirira kuti kukula kumawonedwanso mosiyana kwambiri ndi momwe munthu amawonera. Kuchokera pamalingaliro amsika ndi malingaliro akuti chuma chikuyenera kukula, kumbali ina pali malingaliro okwanira komanso otsika omwe amati ndizothekanso kunena panthawi inayake: Chabwino, tsopano tili ndi zokwanira, ndizokwanira. siziyenera kukhala zambiri.

Margaret Haderer: Zofunikira pakusonkhanitsa komanso kufunikira kwakukula kumalembedwa mumsika wamawonekedwe. Koma ngakhale pakuwona kwatsopano ndi kupereka, munthu saganiza kuti kukula kudzatha. Mfundo apa ndi yakuti: Kodi tiyenera kukulira kuti ndi kuti kumene sitiyenera kukula kapena tiyenera kufota ndi "kukonzanso", mwachitsanzo, kusintha zatsopano. Kuchokera pamalingaliro a anthu, mutha kuwona kuti mbali imodzi moyo wathu umadalira kukula, koma panthawi imodzimodziyo ndi yowononga kwambiri, kunena za mbiri yakale. Boma lachitukuko, monga linamangidwa, limachokera ku kukula, mwachitsanzo machitidwe a chitetezo cha penshoni. Unyinji waukulu nawonso umapindula ndi kukula, ndipo izi zimapangitsa kupanga nyumba zokomera nyengo kukhala zovuta kwambiri. Anthu amachita mantha akamva za kukula kwachuma. Zopereka zina zimafunikira.

Martin Auer: Zikomo kwambiri, wokondedwa Margret, chifukwa cha zokambiranazi.

Interview iyi ndi part 2 yathu Mndandanda pa Lipoti Lapadera la APCC "Mapangidwe a moyo wokomera nyengo".
Zoyankhulana zitha kumveka mu podcast yathu KUKHALA KWA ALPINE.
Lipotilo lidzasindikizidwa ngati buku lotseguka lopezeka ndi Springer Spectrum. Mpaka pamenepo, mitu yotsatizana ili pa Tsamba lofikira la CCCA kupezeka.

Zithunzi:
Chithunzi chapachikuto: Kulima Mumatauni ku Danube Canal (wien.info)
Mitengo pamalo opangira mafuta ku Czech Republic (wolemba: wosadziwika)
njanji. LM07 kudzera pixabay
Dziwe lakunja la ana Margaretengurtel, Vienna, pambuyo pa 1926. Friz Sauer
Ogwira ntchito ku migodi ku Nigeria.  Environmental Justice Atlas,  CC PA 2.0

1 Fordism, yomwe inayamba pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yoyamba Yapadziko Lonse, idakhazikitsidwa pakupanga kwakukulu kovomerezeka kuti anthu adye kwambiri, ntchito ya mzere wa msonkhano ndi masitepe a ntchito yogawidwa m'magawo ang'onoang'ono, chilango chokhwima cha ntchito ndi mgwirizano wofunidwa pakati pa antchito ndi amalonda.

2 kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo