Sonja Bettel
"Ndizowona kuti nyama yoyera imathanso kukhala yopatsa thanzi kuposa nyama yachilengedwe."
Mu Ogasiti 2013 ku London kutsogolo kwa makamera komanso pamaso pa atolankhani a 200 burger yotsika mtengo kwambiri idasokedwa ndikuwalawa. Mapaundi a 250.000, akuti panthawiyo, amatenga mkate wokazinga mosamala. Osati chifukwa chochokera ku ng'ombe ya a Kobe omwe adasinthidwa kuti afe, koma chifukwa gulu la asayansi achi Dutch adagwira ntchitoyo kwa zaka zingapo podulira nyama iyi mu labu. Afuna kusintha nyama kuti izikhala mtsogolo ndikupulumutsa moyo padziko lapansi. Mu zaka zochepa, hamburger yopangidwa kuchokera ku ng'ombe yosakanizidwa imatha kugula ma euro khumi kapena kuchepera ndi kulawa monga timazolowera.
nyama yoyera: nyama yochita kuimbidwa ndi mbale ya Petri
Lingaliro lokweza nyama mu mphika wa Petri lidapangidwa kale ndi nduna ya Britain waku Winston Churchill. Mu Disembala 1931 adanenanso mu nkhani mu "Strand Magazine" yokhudza mtsogolo: Sizikulondola kuti timakweza nkhuku yonse, tikungofuna kudya chifuwa kapena mwendo, m'zaka pafupifupi 50 titha kuwabala mu sing'anga ,
Kumayambiriro kwa 2000, wabizinesi wopuma pantchito, Willem van Ellen adalimbikitsa ofufuza ochokera ku Uni University of Amsterdam, Eindhoven ndi Utrecht ndi kampani yopanga nyama ku Dutch kuti achite nawo ntchito yopanga nyama ya vitro. Ntchito ya InVitroMeat idalandira ndalama za boma kuchokera ku 2004 kupita ku 2009. A Mark Post, omwe ndi katswiri wa sayansi ya zamankhwala ku yunivesite ya Maastricht, anachita chidwi ndi lingaliro kotero kuti adazitsatira. Kulawa koyamba kwa ma burger ku labour mu Ogasiti 2013 kunapezekapezeka ndi mtolankhani waku US a Josh Schonwald komanso wasayansi wazakudya zaku Austria komanso katswiri wofufuza za zakudya Hanni Rützler.
Burger anali atakhala kale pafupi ndi kukoma kwa nyama yokhwima mwachilengedwe, adavomera, koma pang'ono poma. Zinalibe mafuta, zomwe zimapatsa kukoma komanso kununkhira. M'mawonekedwe, simunawone kusiyana kwa Faschiertem wamba, ngakhale mukuwotcha nyama monga momwe mumazolowera. Adali atapangidwa kuchokera ku maselo amtundu wa bovine minofu kwa milungu ingapo yankho la michere m'mabotolo am'bale.
Zachilengedwe komanso chikumbumtima
Koma bwanji kuyesetsa konse? Mbali imodzi, pazifukwa zoteteza chilengedwe. Kuti mupange kilogalamu imodzi ya ng'ombe, mumafunika malita a 15.000. Malinga ndi kuyerekezera kwa World Health Organisation, 70 peresenti ya malo azaulimi amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga nyama, yomwe imapanga 15 mpaka 20 peresenti ya mpweya wowonjezera kutentha. Pofika chaka cha 2050, kupanga nyama kumatha kuwonjezeka padziko lonse ndi 70 peresenti, chifukwa ndi kutukuka ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu padziko lonse lapansi njala yanyama imakula.
Kwa Kurt Schmidinger, wogwira ntchito pa Kuyanjana ndi mafakitale a nyama ndi mutu woyambitsa "Chakudya Chamtsogolo - nyama yopanda nyama"Makhalidwe abwino ndiofunikanso:" Padziko lonse lapansi, nyama zoposa 65 mabiliyoni ambiri zimaphedwa chaka chilichonse chifukwa chazakudya. Kuti apange calorie imodzi ya nyama, zopatsa mphamvu zisanu ndi ziwiri za nyama ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndikuwonjezera ndowe ndi madzi owonongeka. "Chakudya chokhazikitsidwa ndi mbewu chomwe Kurt Schmidinger amagwira chimathandizira anthu ochulukirapo chisamaliro, kupewa mavuto azinyama ndi kuteteza chilengedwe. Komabe, a Kurt Schmidinger, omwe adaphunzira za geophysics ndipo amagwira ntchito mu IT, akuwona izi: "Kalelo mzaka za 90, ndidaganiza kuti ndibwino kupangira nyama yopanga nyama kwa anthu omwe sanafune kupita popanda iyo "Nthawi ndi nthawi anali kufunafuna mipata yotere, koma sizinali mpaka 2008 pomwe msonkhano woyamba wa vitro nyama unachitikira ku Norway.
Schmidinger adatenga zidziwitso ndikulemba lingaliro laudokotala ku dipatimenti ya Sayansi ya Zakudya ku Yunivesite ya Zachilengedwe ndi Moyo Sayansi. Patsamba la futurefood.org amafalitsa njira zina zothandizira pakudya nyama, kuphatikiza "nyama yotsekedwa" kapena "nyama yoyera", monga nyama ya vitro tsopano imatchedwa zifukwa zotsatsika bwino.
Ambiri ogula pakadali pano amakayikira nyama yomwe idachokera ku chubu choyesera kapena akana kwathunthu. Komabe, izi zitha kusintha pomwe kuyambitsidwa kwa msika kumakhala kowoneka bwino komanso kodziwika bwino za njira zopangira, zopindulitsa ndi kukoma kwa nyama yokondedwa.
nyama yoyera - yabwinoko komanso yotsika mtengo
Kumayambiriro kwa 2010, asayansi achi Dutch adachita bwino kwa nthawi yoyamba kukula kwamitundu yayitali ya minofu kuchokera ku maselo a ng'ombe. Vuto linali loti maselo am'mimba muchinthu chamoyo nthawi zambiri amafunikira masewera olimbitsa thupi kuti akule bwino. Kusintha kwa maselo ndi ma surges komanso kuyenda kwa ma labotale, komabe, kumawononga mphamvu zambiri. Pakadali pano, ochita kafukufukuwo amatha kutulutsa nyamayo myoblasts (Kutulutsa minofu ndikupanga ma preursor cell) ndikuchulukanso ndi mafuta osagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri, ndipo amatha kusintha ma seramu kuchokera kwa ana ang'ono osabadwa, omwe poyamba ankawagwiritsa ntchito ngati njira ina yopangira michere ndi sing'anga wina.
Ndizotheka kuti "nyama yoyera" imapangidwanso bwino kuposa nyama yachilengedwe. Chifukwa chake, ndikuganiza kuti gawo lamafuta limachepetsedwa kapena kuchuluka mu mafuta ochulukirapo a Omega 3. Kuphatikiza apo, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'thupi titha kupewa kwambiri popanda kugwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki.
Koma zimatenga zaka zina zingapo kubala pamalonda azachuma. Komabe, ofufuza achi Dutch sakugwiranso ntchito okha pamundawu. Ku US ndi Israel, oyamba kumene akugwiritsa ntchito njira zopangira nyama ndi nsomba, a Bill Gates, a Sergey Brin ndi Richard Branson, kampani yopanga zakudya yamayiko ambiri Cargill ndi waku Germany PHW Gulu (kuphatikiza nkhuku za Wiesenhof) zapereka mamiliyoni a madola ndi ma euro ku icho. Chifukwa chake wina akhoza kuganiza kuti nyama yolimidwa imatha kuchita zambiri.
Kaya kulima nyama kumachita bwino kapena kumakulitsa chilungamo chapadziko lonse lapansi chikuwonetsedwa. Mulimonse momwe zingakhalire, zopangidwa zokhazikika zomwe munthu angathe kuzifufuza ndi zotheka kuti wofufuza Wachidatchi a Mark Post: madera azisamalira ndi kusamalira nyama zochepa, zomwe ma stem cell amatengedwa nthawi ndi nthawi, kenako ndikuzigwiritsa ntchito kukulitsa nyama mu chomera. Pofuna kukwaniritsa zofunikira zachipembedzo za Ayuda kapena Asilamu, chinyama chimatha kuphedwa, koma izi zimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira nyama yambiri ya kosher kapena halal.
Vegan: chakudya padziko lonse popanda kuvutika ndi nyama?
Photo / Video: PA Wire.
