Chuma Chopanda Malire - Ufulu Watsopano wa Munthu?

Mungatani mutalandira 1.000 Euro pamwezi popanda kugwira ntchito? "Ndikalemba buku," akutero mayi wachikulire pagome. "Kugwira ntchito yocheperako," akutero bambo yemwe akukhala moyang'anizana naye. Mtsikanayo yemwe wavala chovala chamutu amasunga ndalama kuti ayambe bizinesi yake. Ena amayenda kwambiri, ena sasintha kalikonse m'moyo. Lero madzulo ano, anthu a 40 adzachita zoyeserera pamsonkhano wa Catholic Social Academy ya ku Austria. Amakambirana m'magulu momwe moyo ungasinthire ndi Chuma Chopanda Malire.
Koma kodi BANDA ili ndi chiyani? Nzika iliyonse yachikulire imalandira ndalama zofanana mwezi uliwonse kuchokera kuboma, ngakhale atakhala kuti amalonda kwambiri, osagwira ntchito kapena osokoneza bongo. Sichikupezeka pamikhalidwe iliyonse. Kutengera ndi mtundu wake, BGE imakhala ndi pafupifupi 1.100 mpaka 1.200 Euro, yomwe imaposa theka la zolowa zapakatikati za 2.100 pano. Ngati mukufuna, mutha kupita kuntchito, koma simuyenera kuchita. Chiphunzitsochi sichimawona BGE osati njira ina yomwe ingagulitsidwe ndi zomwe tili nazo, koma monga chowonjezera. Kwa achinyamata, BGE yochepetsedwa yazungulira 800 Euro ikhoza kugwira ntchito. Pobweza, malipiro osamutsira, monga phindu la ulova, phindu la mwana ndi ndalama zochepa, sizofunikira.

Ntchito yodzidalira

Ngati mukukhala zachuma, mutha kuyanjana ndi BGE popanda kulipiritsa. Makamaka ngati pali olandila angapo a BGE m'nyumba. Kodi chimenecho si chilolezo choti uwotche? "Sanatero," akutero katswiri wazamaphunziro a ntchito, a Johann Beran, "chifukwa timalandira kudzidalira kwathu pochita. Ndipo munthu aliyense amayesetsa kukhala wodzidalira. "
Chifukwa chake BATA silingatambasule ma 4 tsiku lonse, koma uzichita zomwe amakonda. Ndipo zimaphatikizanso kugwira ntchito. "Zambiri, anthu amapita kukagwira ntchito," akutero Beran. Kumbali imodzi kuti mupeze ndalama zowonjezera, kumbali ina kuti mukhale okhutira kudzera pakachitidwe ndi kapangidwe kake. Kuphatikiza apo, atha kukhala opanga komanso ochezeka, komanso kukhala ndi zochita zina zosangulutsa. Izi zimathandizira chitukuko cha munthu, chikhalidwe komanso zimalimbikitsa malingaliro atsopano. Kuchokera pamalingaliro azachuma, ano ndi malo osungirako zatsopano. "M'madera athu, pakali pano saloledwa kuyesa kena kake ndipo mwina alephera. Izi zikuwoneka zopusa mu CV pambuyo pake, "akutsutsa Beran. Kuphatikizidwa kwa njira yayikulu ndikofunikira, kotero palibe zochulukirapo za oweta tsitsi ndi zimango pakati pa ophunzira.
Zambiri zimatha kusintha pamaderanso: "Ngati anthu akumva kukhala omasuka kudzera munthawi yaulere, amathandizanso anthu anzawo," anatero Beran. Kudzipereka kowonjezereka pakudzipereka, m'magulu komanso nthawi yambiri yothandizira banja ndizotsatira zake. Mfundo yofunika kuikumbukira ndi yoti anthu akhoza kukhala odziyimira pawokha choncho sangakwanitse kuisamalira. Zomwe sizingakondweretse ndondomekoyi.
Beran sakhulupirira kuti BGE imapanga ulesi wambiri ndikuti: "Anthu omwe amadzigwetsa pachikhalidwe ndikuyamba kumwa ndikulavulira tsiku lonse akhala ali kale." Komabe, ulesi suyenera kukhala ziwanda. "Sitinapangidwe kuti tizigwira ntchito mosalekeza," akutero Beran.

Kapena ndi mikhalidwe?

Pazokambirana kuzungulira BGE, zosinthika zina za ndalama zomwe boma limapeza nthawi zina zimapuma: ndalama zoyambira zomwe zimakhazikitsidwa, monga maola ochepa ogwira ntchito sabata. Zomwe ntchito zimachitika zilibe kanthu. Kaya ndi ku NGO, kunyumba yopuma pantchito, pantchito yopanga panokha kapena mukugwira ntchito pakampani yanuyonse - zovomerezeka ndizovomerezeka. Kumbali ina, izi zitha kukhala zopanda phindu kuboma, kuti zikhale zosavuta kupeza ndalama zopezedwa, komanso, kuti tipewe ngozi ya "chikhalidwe chopanda". Kuphatikiza apo, zitha kupereka zolimbikitsira maphunziro kuti akwaniritse udindo womwe angafune.
Zotsatira zamtunduwu ndizovuta kudziwa kulosera monga momwe zinakhalira ndi BED, chifukwa zomwe munthu ali nazo sizikuloseredwa mokwanira. Kodi tikupanga kukhala anthu abwinopo ngati tili ndi udindo wopeza ndalama zoyambira kapena tikuchita popanda iyo? "Ndalama zoyambira ndi ntchito yomwe munthu amakhala nayo imatanthawuza kumapangitsa anthu kukayikira, kukhala aulesi", akutero katswiri wazamaphunziro a ntchito, a Johann Beran. Ndizomveka, malinga ndi Beran, kuyambitsa mapulogalamu okakamiza opanga umunthu. Izi zikuphatikiza kuyang'anira, zojambula zothandizira kuzindikira zofooka ndi luso komanso kufunsira kwa omwe adayambitsa kampani. Izi zimatha "kukankha". "Simungayembekezere kuti aliyense azingoganiza okha akapanga ndalama zoyambira ndikupanga phindu pagulu," akutero Beran. Mapulogalamu oterewa amathandizira kukulitsa chidwi chifukwa cha ufulu wachuma.

Palibe choopsa kukhalapo

Chifukwa chiyani tikufunika Mgwirizano? "Chifukwa chiyani tili ndi umphawi ngati dziko lolemera," akutero Helmo Pape, wothandizira wa BGE komanso woyambitsa bungwe la "Generation Grundeinkommen", molakwika. "Kuonetsetsa kuti munthu aliyense azidzapeza ndalama," wabizinesi yakale ija ikupitilira. Palibe amene angachite ntchito ina yamalipiro kuti angokhalapo. Kupsinjika kwa kukhalapo kukanachotsedwa .. Ufulu wachuma uwu ndi wofunikira kwambiri kwa Pape kotero kuti akufuna kuyambitsa 2018 referendum. Pakadali pano ali pa 3.500 ya othandizira ofunikira a 100.000.
"BGE imalimbikitsa anthu kuti agwiritse ntchito tanthauzo osati malipiro," akufotokoza Pape. Kaya malipiro nthawi zambiri amakwera kapena kugwa sikungayankhidwe mwachisawawa. Kupenda tsatanetsatane kumawonetsa kuti anthu ambiri akuchita ntchito zomwe akumvetsetsa ndipo akusangalala kuchita. Izi zimaphatikizapo, mwachitsanzo, kusamalira achibale, kulera ana, kupereka ndalama zothandizira kuteteza chilengedwe, kukonza zinthu, kulimbikitsa chikhalidwe ndi miyambo. Malipiro pantchito izi adzagwa, kutengera makina azopereka ndi zofunika. Ntchito zodziwika bwino ngati loya kapena dokotala zimachitika ndi anthu omwe amachita izi chifukwa chotsimikiza, osati ndalama.
Komanso, izi zikutanthauza kuti ntchito zosasamalidwa komanso zomwe sizikulipiridwa bwino, monga kuyeretsa, sizikhala ndi antchito ena ambiri, chifukwa palibe amene ayenera kugwirira ntchito ndalama zawo. Komanso, munthu amene amachotsa zimbudzi amalandiridwa kwambiri pantchito ndipo akapeza mphuno yagolide. Malipiro a ntchito zoterezi adzauka.
Ndipo chimachitika ndi chiani ngati kulibe ena ogwiritsa ntchito "chidetso"? "Ntchito izi zikuyendetsedwa pamakina a digito ndi ma automation," atero a Pape, akuwona ngati zoyendetsa zatsopano. "Nanga bwanji zimbudzi zodziyeretsa?"
Pape amalosera ngati zina zowonjezerapo kuti makampani omwe amaputa anzawo achoka ku Austria ("Ndani akufuna kugwira ntchito kumeneko kale?"). Kuphatikiza apo, kupanga zokolola mdziko muno zitha kukhala zotsika mtengo, chifukwa mamembala onse omwe amakhala mumtengo wamtengo wapatali, kuyambira abwana mpaka omwe amawagulitsa, ali ndi ndalama komanso amalonda otsika.
Monga mumsika wa antchito, zimawonekanso ngati maphunziro. "Anthu sadzaphunzira zomwe zimawapatsa mwayi wopeza bwino ntchito, koma zomwe amakonda kwambiri," atero a Pape. Kuwona bwino kwambiri komanso pulofesa wokonza zinthu zakale zokopa kwambiri kungakhale kotheka. Padzakhala ocheperako a Jus, BWL, ndiophunzira zamankhwala. Komabe, pali choopsa pano pamayimidwe, popeza kupanikizika pang'ono kuti mupeze ndalama kungapangitse chidwi chochepa pamaphunziro. Otsutsa akuti ndichizindikiro kwa achinyamata kuti sichofunikira.

Ndalama kudzera mumisonkho yapamwamba

Kodi ndalama za BANDA zimachokera kuti? Njira yovuta ndikuwonjezera msonkho wamalonda pofika 100 peresenti, m'malo mwa khumi ndi 20 yapitayi. Yemwe akuwonetsa kuti ali ndi ufulu wotereyu ndi bizinesi ya ku Germany komanso amene adayambitsa bizinesi yogulitsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo dm, a Götz Werner, omwe amafunitsanso kuti misonkho yonse ichotsedwe. Zimamveka zosavuta, koma sizabwino. Chifukwa chiwopsezo chachikulu cha VAT chimagwira onse olemera ndi osauka omwe.
Mtundu wina wa zopezera ndalama, NGO "Attac", yomwe imalimbikitsa chilungamo chambiri pazachuma. BAND limatenga pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a theka la zopezazo
zogulitsa, mwachitsanzo pakati pa 117 ndi ma euro mabiliyoni a 175. Ambiri adzabwera kudzera misonkho yapamwamba. Zomwe zimachokera ku zero mpaka 5.000 euros zomwe zingakhale 10 peresenti (pompano zero zero) komanso kuchokera ku 29.000 55 peresenti (m'malo mwa 42) pakadali pano. Pakati, 25 mpaka 38 peresenti sasintha kalikonse poyerekeza ndi mtundu wathu waposachedwa. Izi zimabweretsa kugawanika kwambiri pakati pa olandira abwino ndi oyipa. Kuphatikiza apo, wina amayenera kuwonjezera msonkho wopeza ndalama zambiri, ndikuyambitsa cholowa ndi msonkho wogulitsa ndalama. Ndipo ngati china chikusowa, pamapeto pake, palinso kuwonjezeka kwa msonkho wogulitsa

Kutsutsa: Zosalimbikitsa ntchito

Kubwerera ku zokambirana za Catholic Social Academy. Pakadali pano, kuchuluka kwa phokoso mchipindacho ndikokwera, chifukwa pakati pa omwe akutenga nawo mbali sikuti ndi okhawo ochirikiza. Zotsutsana zazing'ono, zamkati zimayamba msanga. Izi ndizomwe otsutsa amati: "Aliyense ayenera kuchitapo kanthu, ngati atenga kena kake mumphika" kapena "Omwe amathandizira Owezahrer koposa."
BGE imawonanso Economic Chamber motsutsa. Pamenepo, wina akuyembekezera kuperewera kwa ntchito. "Ena amatenga BGE ngati chilimbikitso chogwira ntchito, ena amabweretsa msonkho wokwera kwambiri. Ntchito zomwe zingagwire ntchito zitha kukhala zokwera mtengo kwambiri, chifukwa makampani akumayiko sangathere mpikisano waukulu, "atero a Rolf Gleißner, Wachiwiri kwa Chief Health Department Department. Kuphatikiza apo, BGE imatha kukopa anthu ochokera kumayiko ena. "Izi zitha kukweza ndalama kuboma," atero a Gleißner
Komanso ku Arbeiterkammer simusangalala ndi BGE, chifukwa ikuwononga chilungamo. BAND silimasiyanitsa pakati pa anthu omwe amafunikira chithandizo ndi omwe safuna. "Chifukwa chake, magulu angapezenso chithandizo omwe, chifukwa cha ndalama zawo komanso chuma chawo, safunanso thandizo lina kuchokera ku mgwirizano wamgwirizano," akufotokozera Norman Wagner kuchokera ku Department of Social Policy.
Mosiyana ndi momwe timasinthira malipiro athu, zomwe zili zofunikira, BAND imathandizira aliyense bwino. Izi sizipanga kaduka, monga zimakhalira ndi phindu la ulova ndi chitetezo chochepa cha ndalama. Komabe, lingaliro la BGE silingayambike mwachangu. Akuyerekeza kuti zingatenge mibadwo iwiri kapena itatu kuti tizolowere ndi kuthana nazo.

Njira Zoyambira Zapamwamba

Referendum ku Switzerland - Swiss idalankhula 2016 pamalingaliro a referendum motsutsana ndi BGE ya 2.500 francs (mozungulira 2.300 Euro) pamwezi. 78 peresenti adatsutsa. Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akhale ndi malingaliro oyipa ayenera kukayikira ndalama. Boma linadzudzulanso BULANI.

Maphunziro a 2.000 ku Finland - Kuyambira chiyambi cha 2017, 2.000 yosankhidwa mosankha, Ma Finns osagwira ntchito amalandira BNG ya 560 Euro pamwezi kwa zaka ziwiri. Prime Minister Juha Sipilä akufuna kulimbikitsa anthu kuti apeze ntchito ndikugwira ntchito zambiri pantchito zama malipiro otsika. Kuphatikiza apo, oyang'anira maboma amatha kupulumutsa ndalama chifukwa njira yaku France ndizovuta kwambiri.

BGE lotale - Chiyanjano cha Berlin "Ndalama zanga zoyambira" zimasonkhanitsa zopereka zambirimbiri pazopanda ndalama zilizonse. Nthawi iliyonse 12.000 Euro ikakhala pamodzi, imakhala yolumikizidwa kwa munthu m'modzi. Pakadali pano, 85 yasangalala ndi izi.
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