Yini eyenza abantu babe ngababaleki

Abantu abayizigidi ze-60 babekupheleni kwe-2014 emhlabeni jikelele ngokugijima, ngonyaka ngaphambili kwesigidi se-51,2. E-Austria, uMnyango Wezangaphakathi ulindele izicelo zokukhosela ze-2015 kuze kufike ku-80.000. - Ukwanda okukhulu kubangelwe yimpi eSyria. AmaSyria ayizigidi ezingama-7,6 ababaleki ezweni lakubo, angaphansi kwesigidi sama-3,9 asemazweni ahambile emazweni angomakhelwane - konke kuza eYurophu. Kepha izimpi ziyaqhubeka nokuhlasela nakwamanye amazwe - ngaphezu kwamaSyria, ababaleki abavela e-Afghanistan nase-Iraq ikakhulukazi beza eYurophu. Umongo ojwayelekile: Kuzo zonke lezi zingxabano, amanye amazwe abeke izandla zawo kulo mdlalo.

Ababaleki: imiphumela yezintshisekelo zezimboni

Umbuso wombusi wobushiqela waseSyria uBashar al-Assad uhlinzekwa ngezikhali yiRussia. Inkinga yase-Iraq kanye nokuqiniswa kwe-IS (Islamic State) kungumphumela oqondile womkhankaso wase-Iraq nguMongameli wase-US uGeorge Bush. "I-vacuum yamandla edalwe ukuqedwa kwamasosha yagcwala imifantu i-Al Qaeda - yilokho okwenziwe yi-Islamic State noma i-IS," kusho uchwepheshe wase Middle East uKarin Kneissl.

"Kuyangethusa ukubona ukuthi labo abangela izingxabano bazohlala bengalawulwa."
U-António Guterres, UKhomishani Wabaleki Wezizwe we-UN u-António Guterres

Ngokuphindaphindiwe, uwoyela uyimbangela yezimpi, njengoba kuvezwe abafundisi baseyunivesithi u-Petros Sekeris (University of Portsmouth) noVincenzo Bove (University of Warwick). Bahlolelwe ucwaningo amazwe e-69, lapho kwaqubuka khona izimpi zombango phakathi kwe1945 ne-1999. Ezingxenyeni ezimbili kwezintathu zezingxabano, kwangenelela amazwe angaphandle, kufaka phakathi iBrithani eNigeria (1967 kuye kwi1970) noma i-US e-Iraq 1992. Umphumela walolu cwaningo: Amazwe anezindawo zokugcina uwoyela eziphakeme namandla athile emakethe angathemba ukusekelwa kwamasosha kusuka phesheya. INigeria ayikwazanga ukuphumula kuze kube namuhla. Lapho, izinkampani zikawoyela uShell no-ExonMobil bebelokhu besebenzisa imali egcinwe e-Niger Delta amashumi eminyaka futhi bacekela phansi nemvelo yokuphila kwabantu. Ngosizo lukahulumeni waseNigeria, izinkampani ziyahlomula ngokugcinakalayo kawoyela ocebile, kepha abantu abahlanganyeli inzuzo. Umphumela uba kaningi, izingxabano ezivame ukuhlaselwa ngezikhali. "Kuyangethusa ukubona ukuthi labo abasala bengxabene bazosala bengalawulwa," kugxeka ukhomishani wababaleki we-UN u-António Guterres. Ngisho nababusi bomashiqela bangathembela osizweni oluvela phesheya: Umashiqela wobushiqela waseLibya, uMuammar Gadafi, uthuthele eduze kwama-300 euros kuma-akhawunti waseSwitzerland, ngokufanayo owayengumbusi waseGibhithe uHosni Mubarak phambilini. "Le mali ilahlekelwe ohulumeni abalandela umsebenzi wokwakha izwe," kuchaza okhulumela i-Attac uDavid Walch.

"Ukusatshalaliswa kwezinhlangano zezinhlangano zomhlaba akuyona into ngaphandle kokuqhubeka kokuxhaphaza ngezikhathi zobumnyama zamakholoni. [...] Ingxenye eyodwa kwezinhlanu zomhlaba olimekayo waseBrazil isivele isetshenziselwa ukukhulisa ukudla kwezilwane emazweni e-EU, kanti ikota yabantu isengozini yokubulawa yindlala. "
UKlaus Werner-Lobo, umbhali we- "Singumnikazi womhlaba"

Imishini yezinkampani

Izinto okuthiwa zenza ukuthi abantu bashiye amazwe abo zihlanganisa ubuphofu, ukucindezelwa kanye nokushushiswa; Izici ezihehayo ithemba lokuceba, ukulethwa nokuphila okuhle. "Izidingo zabantu eziyisisekelo ziyefana emhlabeni wonke: ukudla, uphahla phezu kwamakhanda abo kanye nemfundo yezingane," kusho okhulumela iCaritas uMargit Draxl. "Iningi labantu lifuna impilo enhle ezweni lakubo, yingxenye encane kuphela efuna ukuhamba." Kepha izinkampani zomhlaba wonke kanye nokuxhaphaza zisusa imali yazo yokuziphilisa kubantu emazweni asathuthuka. "Ukusatshalaliswa kwamabhizinisi ezinkampani zomhlaba akuyona into nje yokuqhubeka kokuxhaphaza ngezikhathi zobumnyama zamakholoni," kubhala uKlaus Werner-Lobo encwadini yakhe ethi "Singumnikazi womhlaba".

"Abantu abaningi bafuna impilo enhle emazweni abo, yingxenye encane kuphela efuna ukuhamba."
Margit Draxl, Caritas

Njengesibonelo ukhuluma ngeBayer Group, elinye lamakhasimende abaluleke kakhulu eColtan. Ukusuka eColtan, kutholakala i-tantalum yensimbi, yona yona isetshenziselwa ukwenziwa kwezingcingo noma amakhompyutha. Kufika kuma-80 amaphesenti amadiphozi emhlabeni we-coltan aseDemocratic Republic of the Congo. Lapho, inani labantu liyaxhashazwa, inzuzo ibekelwe abantu abancane abancane. Kusukela i-1996, impi yombango nezimpi ezihlome ngezikhali bekulokhu kugcwele eCongo. Yonke impesheni amaqembu alwayo ayitholayo ngokuthengisa izinto ezingavuthiwe igeleza ekuthengeni kwezingalo futhi yandisa impi. Ezimayini zaseCongo, abasebenzi, kubandakanya nezingane eziningi, basebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezinobuntu. Inkampani yokudla iNestlé nayo igxekwa kaningi maqondana namalungelo abantu: elinye lamalungelo abantu ayisisekelo ukufinyelela emanzini ahlanzekile, okuvame ukutholakala emazweni asathuthuka. Usihlalo weNestlé uPeter Brabeck akenzi mfihlo ukuthi amanzi emehlweni akhe akuyona into enhle emphakathini, kodwa kufanele abe nenani lemakethe njenganoma yikuphi okunye ukudla. Emazweni afana nePakistan, iNestlé ipompa amanzi asemhlabathini ukuze ayigcwalise ngamabhodlela futhi awathengise njenge- "Nestle Pure Life".

Indlala yenziwa ngumuntu

Umbiko wewatchwatch othi “Die Hungermacher: Indlela iDeutsche Bank, iGoldman Sachs & Co eqagela ngayo ngokudla kubiza abampofu” inikeza ubufakazi obuqand 'ikhanda bokuthi ukuqagela kokudla kokushintshaniswa kwempahla kukhuphula amanani futhi kubangele indlala. "Ngo-2010 kuphela, amanani entengo aphezulu athenga abantu abayizigidi ezingama-40 yindlala nobubha," kusho umbiko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingxenye enkulu yomhlaba olimekayo emazweni asathuthuka isetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwempahla yokuthumela ngaphandle. Ngokuvame kakhulu ukulinywa kwesoya, bese kuthunyelwa eYurophu njengokudla kwezilwane. "Ingxenye yesihlanu yomhlaba olimekayo waseBrazil usuvele usetshenziselwa ukukhulisa ukudla kwezilwane emazweni e-EU, kanti ingxenye yesine yabantu isongelwa yindlala", kubhala uKlaus Werner-Lobo. "Kubulawa ingane ebulawa indlala namuhla," kuphetha uJean Ziegler, umbhali waseSwitzerland futhi eyisishoshovu samalungelo abantu. "Abantu abalambile imvamisa babuthakathaka kakhulu ukuthi bangahamba ezweni labo," kuchaza okhulumela iCaritas, uMargit Draxl. "Le mindeni bese ithumela indodana enamandla kunawo wonke ukuyokweseka umndeni osasele."

Insiza yentuthuko engalungile

Uma ubheka le mishini, ukusetshenziswa kwemali kosizo lokuthuthuka kwehla olwandle kuphela, ikakhulukazi njengoba i-Austria ingafezekisi umthwalo wayo wemfanelo: I-UN ibeka ukuthi izwe ngalinye emhlabeni labela amaphesenti angama-0,7 omkhiqizo wasekhaya ogcwele kwi-GDP ngosizo lwentuthuko. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ukusuka ku-2014 kuzokwenyuswa imali yesikhwama senhlekelele yaphesheya kusuka ezinhlanu kuya kwe-0,27 euros million.

"Phakathi kwe-2008 ne-2012, ukuphuma emazweni aseNingizimu Ningizimu Melika kungaphezu kokuphindwe kabili ukwanda kwemali entsha."
I-Eurodad (Inethiwekhi YaseYurophu Yezikweletu Nentuthuko)

Imibiko emibili yakamuva ye-Global Financialityity ne-Eurodad ngezimali zentuthuko nayo inikeze imiphumela eyethusayo: I-2012 iyodwa ilahlekelwe ohulumeni bamazwe aseNingizimu Ntshonalanga Nenkabazwe ngokugeleza kwemali okungekho emthethweni ngaphezulu kwe-630 billion dollars. Iningi lalokhu libangelwa ukwenzelwa kwentengo ekuhwebeni kwamabhizinisi wangaphakathi, kanye nokukhokhwa kwezikweletu futhi kubuyise inzuzo yabatshalizimali bangaphandle. "Phakathi kwe-2008 ne-2012, ukuphuma emazweni aseNingizimu Ningizimu Melika kungaphezu kokuphindwe kabili ukwanda kwemali entsha," kusho umbiko we-Eurodad.

Ukuphunyuka ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu

Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu nakho kuyimbangela yokundiza. Ngokusho kweGreenpeace, eNdiya naseBangladesh kuphela, abantu abayizigidi ezingama-125 kuzofanela babaleke kusukela ogwini baye ezweni elingasasebenzi ngenxa yokunyuka kwezinga lolwandle. UMongameli wePacific Island State yaseKiribati usevele wacela ukuthi ngokusemthethweni kuqashelwe izakhamizi zakhe ezingaphezu kwe-2008 njengababaleki abangapheliyo e100.000, e-Australia naseNew Zealand. Isizathu: Izinga lolwandle elikhuphukayo kulindeleke ukuthi selikhuphule isifunda sesiqhingi ngasekupheleni kwaleli khulu leminyaka. Kepha ababaleki bemvelo abakaveli (okwamanje) ukuvela kwiGeneva Refugee Convention. Izinjongo ezisanda kwamukelwa ze-UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) zifaka phakathi ukulwa ngokuhlangana kokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu. Kubandakanya nesivumelwano esibophayo sokushintsha kwesimo sezulu emhlabeni jikelele esiyokwenziwa engqungqutheleni ye-UN Climate Change Convention eParis ngoDisemba.

Izisombululo ezintsha zabafuna indawo yokukhosela

Abantu abenze ukuthi baye e-Austria ekubalekeni kwabo empini nokushushiswa e-Austria, bathola lapha hhayi izimo ezilungile ngaso sonke isikhathi, njengoba kufakazelwa inhlekelele esikhungweni sokuqala sokwamukela abafundi iTraiskirchen. Izinqubo ze-asylum zivame ukuthatha iminyaka futhi akunakwenzeka ukuba abafuna indawo yokukhosela bathole imvume yokusebenza. Ngokusho komthetho i-Aliens Employment Act, kulindeleke ukuthi basebenze ngemuva kwezinyanga ezintathu, kepha ngeke bathole ukufinyelela okugcwele emakethe yezabasebenzi kuze kube lapho uhlelo lokukhoseliswa seluphothuliwe ngempumelelo, uma beqashelwe njengababaleki noma sebethole "ukuvikelwa okungaphansi". Empeleni, abafuna indawo yokukhosela bangemukela kuphela umsebenzi wokupha, njengokulungisa izingadi noma iqhwa. Kukhona imali ebizwa ngokuthi ukuqashelwa yama-euro ambalwa ngehora, enganele ngempilo.

Amaphrojekthi afana noCaritas Vorarlberg "Nachbarschaftshilfe" asiza abafuna indawo yokukhosela ukuthi basebenze umsebenzi onenjongo. Abantu abadinga usizo - njengomsebenzi wasekhaya nasengadini - banethuba lokuzibandakanya abafuna indawo yokukhosela futhi bakhokhelwa ngokungaqondile ngeminikelo. UKilian Kleinschmidt, isazi sababaleki esinolwazi emhlabeni wonke, ubona isixazululo ngokuvumela ababaleki ukuba babambe iqhaza emjikelezweni wezomnotho. Esikhundleni se-UNHCR, amaJalimane ahola ikamu lesibili ngobukhulu lababaleki emhlabeni emngceleni weJordani-Syria futhi aguqula ikamu laba idolobha elinamandla alo kwezomnotho. "Ukubuyiselwa kwama-ghettos ababaleki kwenza ukuhlangana kube nzima, ngoba kuvame ukuba kude nendawo," kusho uKleinschmidt, okhuthaza izinhlelo zezindlu kunokuqukatha. "Ngokwesikhathi esiphakathi, i-Europe idinga i-50 izigidi zabasebenzi, ubuchwepheshe obuthile abunazisebenzi. Ababaleki beza ukusebenza hhayi ukuqoqa usizo emphakathini. "

imizamo

Izinhlangano ezinjengeCaritas noma i-Agency for Austrian Development Cooperation (ADA) zinikeza abantu emazweni asathuthuka imibono esizayo. Isibonelo, i-ADA yeseka inhlangano yokuthuthukiswa kwe-East African IGAD ekuqalisweni kohlelo lokuxwayisa ngaphambi kwesikhathi lwengxabano i-CEWARN yokuvimbela izingxabano nokwakha ukuthula. Kwelinye lamaphrojekthi alo, iCaritas yeseka imfundo yabafundisi bezikole zamabanga aphansi eSouth Sudan futhi ngenxa yalokho inikela ekuthuthukiseni amathuba emfundo ezweni. IFairtrade futhi inikela ngempilo engcono emazweni aseNingizimu ngamanani aphezulu kanye namaphrimiyamu abalimi bekofi noma bekotini.
www.entwicklung.at
www.caritas.at
www.fairtrade.at

Ihhotela likaMagda
E-Austria, ihhotela eliseVienna, ibhizinisi lezenhlalo laseCaritas, libhekwa njengephrojekthi yefulegi lokuhlanganisa ababaleki: Ababaleki abaziwayo abavela ezizweni ze14 basebenza lapha. Ngaphezu kwamakamelo ezivakashi, kufakwe ifulethi lababaleki abancane abangahambisani, okungaqala ukuqeqeshelwa umsebenzi ehhotela.
www.magdas-hotel.at

Yenza konke okuhle
I-Bank for the Okuhle kuhlinzeka ngenye indlela emabhange endabuko: inzuzo ayisona kuphela isici esilinganisa impumelelo. Isici semali kufanele sisetshenziswe ngaphandle kokuqagela futhi esifundeni ukuze sisizakale.
www.mitgruenden.at

I-Fairphone
Ucingo lwakwa-Fairphone lwenziwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezinamandla kunazo zonke, futhi amaminerali adingekayo ukulenza, ikakhulukazi i-Coltan, litholwa ezimayini eziqinisekisiwe ezingayikhokheli impi yombango.
www.fairphone.com

Photo / Video: Ugogo, Imidiya yenketho.