Option
I-European Green Deal ihlose ukukhulisa ukulima okuphilayo kuye kuma-2030% kuyo yonke i-EU ngo-25, ukusetshenziswa kanye nengozi izibulala-zinambuzane kanye nokuvikela izindawo ezibucayi emiphumeleni engemihle yezibulala-zinambuzane kwenza izibulala-zinambuzane zemvelo ezivunyelwe ekulimeni okuphilayo zibe isihloko sokuthakazelisa kakhulu kwezombusazwe. Kodwa nakuba abanye bebona ezinye izindlela ezithembisayo esikhundleni sokusebenzisa izibulala-zinambuzane ezenziwe ngamakhemikhali ezibulala-zinambuzane zemvelo, abakhiqizi bezibulala-zinambuzane abafana noBayer, Syngenta kanye noCorteva bayaxwayisa. esidlangalaleni ngokumelene "nokuhweba kwemvelo okuhlobene nokwanda kokulima okuphilayo" njengokuthi "ukwanda kwenani eliphelele lokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane eYurophu."
Egameni le-IFOAM Organics Europe, inhlangano eyisambulela yase-Europe yokulima okuphilayo, i-GLOBAL 2000 ibeke lokhu kungqubuzana kwezinhloso okusolwa ukuthi kube isikhathi esisodwa. ukuhlola iqiniso. Kuyo, kuyahlaziywa umehluko phakathi kwezibulala-zinambuzane ezingama-256 ezisetshenziswa kwezolimo ezivamile kanye nezibulala-zinambuzane ezingu-134 nazo ezivunyelwe kwezolimo oluphilayo kuyahlaziywa mayelana nezingozi ezingase zibe khona kanye nobungozi kanye nemvamisa yokusetshenziswa kwazo. Ukuhlola okunobuthi okuyisisekelo kwashicilelwa kamuva kujenali yesayensi ethi "Toxics". eshicilelwe. Izigaba eziyingozi zoHlelo Oluvumelanayo Lomhlaba Wonke (GHS) olucaciswe yi-European Chemicals Agency (EChA) kanye namanani ereferensi yezempilo enomsoco kanye nomsebenzi ashiwo yi-European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) ohlelweni lokugunyaza asetshenziswa njengesilinganiso ukuqhathanisa.
Umehluko wezinto eziphilayo nezivamile ubaluleke kakhulu
Ezithakweni ezisebenzayo ezingama-256 ezisetshenziswa kakhulu kwizibulala-zinambuzane ezivunyelwe kuphela kwezolimo ezijwayelekile, ama-55% anezinkomba zezempilo noma izingozi zemvelo; kweziyi-134 izithako zemvelo ezisebenzayo (nazo) ezivunyelwe ekulimeni okuphilayo, zingama-3% kuphela. Izixwayiso mayelana nokulimala okungase kube khona enganeni engakazalwa, okusolwa ukuthi kune-carcinogenicity noma imiphumela eyingozi ebulalayo zitholwe ku-16% wezibulala-zinambuzane ezisetshenziswa kwezolimo ezivamile, kodwa azikho izibulala-zinambuzane ezinemvume yemvelo. I-EFSA ibheke ukuzimisela kwamanani ereferensi yezempilo enomsoco kanye nomsebenzi njengokufanele ama-93% wezithako ezisebenzayo ezivamile kodwa kuphela u-7% wemvelo.
“Umehluko esiwutholile mkhulu njengoba ungamangazi uma ubhekisisa kahle umsuka wezithako ezisebenzayo zesibulala-zinambuzane,” usho kanje. UHelmut Burtscher-Schaden, isazi samakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo esivela ku-GLOBAL 2000 kanye nombhali wokuqala wocwaningo: "Nakuba cishe u-90% wezibulala-zinambuzane ezivamile zinokwakheka kwamakhemikhali futhi ziye zaba nezinhlelo zokuhlola ukuze zihlonze izinto ezinobuthi obuphezulu kakhulu (ngakho-ke zisebenza kahle kakhulu) ngokumelene nezinto ezihlosiwe, iningi lezithako ezisebenzayo zemvelo azikho nhlobo. mayelana nezinto, kodwa mayelana nama-microorganisms aphilayo. Lawa enza ama-56% 'emithi yokubulala izinambuzane' egunyaziwe. Njengabahlali bemvelo basemhlabeni, abanazo izinto ezibonakalayo eziyingozi. Okunye okungu-19% kwezibulala-zinambuzane zihlukaniswa njenge-priori “njengezithako ezisebenzayo ezinobungozi obuncane” (isb. i-baking soda) noma egunyazwe njengezinto ezingavuthiwe (isb., amafutha kabhekilanga, uviniga, ubisi).”
Ezinye izindlela zokusebenzisa izibulala-zinambuzane
UJan Plagge, uMongameli we-IFOFAM Organics Europe imibono kanje: "Kuyacaca ukuthi izithako ezisebenzayo zokwenziwa ezivunyelwe kwezolimo ezijwayelekile ziyingozi kakhulu futhi ziyinkinga kunezithako ezisebenzayo zemvelo ezivunyelwe ekulimeni okuphilayo. Amapulazi ezinto eziphilayo agxila ezindleleni zokuvimbela ezifana nokusebenzisa izinhlobo ezinamandla, ukushintshaniswa kwezitshalo okunengqondo, ukugcina impilo yenhlabathi kanye nokwandisa izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ensimini ukuze kugwenywe ukusebenzisa izinto zangaphandle. Ngalesi sizathu, azikho izibulala-zinambuzane ezisetshenziswa cishe ku-90% womhlaba wokulima (ikakhulukazi endaweni yokulima), futhi azikho izinto zemvelo. Uma izinambuzane noma kunjalo zithola isandla esiphezulu, ukusetshenziswa kwezinambuzane ezizuzisayo, ama-microorganisms, ama-pheromones noma ama-deterrents kuyisinqumo sesibili sabalimi be-organic. Izibulala-zinambuzane zemvelo ezifana namaminerali ethusi noma isulfure, impushan yokubhaka noma amafutha emifino ziyindlela yokugcina yokutshala izitshalo ezikhethekile njengezithelo newayini.”
U-Jennifer Lewis, uMqondisi we-Federation of Biological Crop Protection Manufacturers (IBMA) isho "amandla amakhulu" wezibulala-zinambuzane zemvelo kanye nezindlela esezivele zikhona namuhla kubalimi abavamile nabaphilayo. “Kumele sisheshise uhlelo lokugunyazwa kokulawulwa kwezinambuzane zebhayoloji ukuze le mikhiqizo itholakale kubo bonke abalimi base-Europe. Lokhu kuzosekela ukuguqukela ohlelweni lokudla oluzinzile, olulungele ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo njengoba kuchazwe ku-European Green Deal.
U-Lili Balogh, uMongameli we-Agroecology Europe kanye nomlimi iyagcizelela: “Ukuqaliswa kwesu le-Farm to Fork kanye nesu lokuhlukahluka kwemvelo nezinjongo zabo zokunciphisa izibulala-zinambuzane kubalulekile ukuze kusungulwe izinhlelo zokudla eziqinile, ze-agroecological e-Europe. Inhloso yezolimo kumele ngaso sonke isikhathi kube ukukhuthaza ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo kanye nezinsiza ezihambisana ne-ecosystem, ukuze ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yangaphandle kuphelelwe yisikhathi. Ngezinyathelo zokuvikela nemvelo zokuvikela izitshalo, njengezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo, izakhiwo zezitshalo ezincane kanye nokugwema izibulala-zinambuzane zokwenziwa, sakha uhlelo olusimeme lwezolimo nokudla olusinda kahle ezinkingeni.”
Izixhumanisi/Okulandiwe:
- Ukuqoshwa kwengqungquthela yabezindaba (I-YouTube)
- Ucwaningo lwesayensi ukuqhathanisa izibulala-zinambuzane ezivamile neziphilayo
- sicelosikhalo “Ushevu wezinyosi. Ubuthi kuwe."
Photo / Video: I-Global 2000.
