Helmut Melzer
Izindlela zokonga amandla zingenye yezindlela ezisemqoka ezinhlelweni zamvelo.Izakhiwo zikhiqiza amaphesenti angama-32 wesidingo sokugcina samandla namaphesenti acishe abe ngu-40 wezidingo zamandla aphansi emazweni amaningi athuthukile. Amandla amaningi adingeka enkabeni nasenyakatho yeYurophu ukufudumeza isikhala. E-Austria, ukushisa kwamakamelo kufaka ingxenye yamaphesenti ama-28 ekufuneni kokugcina kwamandla nephesenti le-14 ekuphumeni kwegesi e-Austrian green gesi (GHG).
Ikusasa namandla
Ucwaningo lwamanje "Izimo ze-Energy kuze kufike ku-2050 - Ukufudumala kwesidingo sabathengi abancane" baseVienna University of Technology manje kunikeza umbono ngekusasa futhi kukhombisa ukuthi ukwakhiwa nokulungiswa kabusha okuzinzile kuzoba nomthelela emvelweni - futhi kusengasebenza kwezinye izinyathelo. Emsebenzini, zonke izakhiwo ezifuywayo nezakhiwo zesikhathi esizayo zazibalwa ezimweni eziningana. Isiphetho: Izinyathelo ezamukelwe kuze kube manje zinganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kusuka kumahora we-86 terawatt TWh ngonyaka we-2012 kuya ku-53 TWh (2050), kanye nezinyathelo ezivelelayo zokuthi banciphise baye kwi-40 TWh ngonyaka we-2050.
Ukonga amandla ne-CO2 ngokulungiswa kabusha kwezamandla namandla avuselelekayo nakho kufakazela ucwaningo olusha egameni le-Climate and Energy Fund. Amaphrojekthi amahlanu wokuvuselela amaphethini wase-Austrian ahlaziywa ngaphambi nangemva kokuvuselelwa kwawo. Umphumela wokuqapha kwamandla: Ukuncishiswa kwe-CO2 kwamaphrojekthi kutholakala cishe kumathani we-105 ngonyaka. Ngesinye isikhathi, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla avuselelekayo kunciphisa ukuphuma kwe-Co2 kumaphesenti zero. Amandla wokufudumeza othize angancishiswa okungenani kwengxenye eyodwa kwezintathu.
I-Factor sprawl
Endabeni yemvelo ekwakhiweni, noma kunjalo, isici sokudalwa kwamadolobha nakho kufanele kubhekwe. "Isakhiwo esisebenza kahle ngensimu eluhlaza okotshani" akusona isibonelo esihle sokuqina. Umklamo oqhubekayo ubhekelwa kakhulu ezicini zokwakheka kwaleso sakhiwo, ukusetshenziswa komhlaba kanye nendlela yokuhlala, "kusho u-Andrea Kraft we-Energy and Environmental Agency eNu:" Indlu edilikiwe imvamisa ibonwa njengendlela efiselekayo yezindlu, njengoba injalo kubanikazi uqobo. wahlangana. Ngasikhathi sinye, kepha le ndlela yezindlu ihlotshaniswa nokusetshenziswa kakhulu kwezinsiza kusebenza, okubuye kuboniswe ezindlekweni zokuthuthuka kanye nokwenyuka kwethrafikhi. "
"Indlu edilikisiwe imvamisa ibonwa njengendlela efiselekayo yezindlu, ngoba ihlangabezana nabanikazi bezindawo eziphezulu kakhulu. Ngasikhathi sinye, kepha le ndlela yezindlu ihlotshaniswa nokusetshenziswa kakhulu kwezinsiza kusebenza, okubuye kuboniswe ezindlekweni zokuthuthuka kanye nokwenyuka kwethrafikhi. "
I-Andrea Kraft, I-Ejensi Yezamandla Nezemvelo eNu
Eco-izinkomba
Ngezinga elihluke kakhulu, izinto zokwakha zithinta imvelo nempilo. Ama-LCA kanye nezinkomba ze-eco anikeza imininingwane. "Izindlu zomxhaso ezenziwa e-Austrian kanye nezinhlelo zokwakha ama-appraisal ikakhulukazi zisebenzisa inkomba yokwengeza Ökoindex 3 (inkomba ye-OI3). Ngakho-ke, izici zokwakha imvelo zitholakele ekuhlolweni kwamaphrojekthi wokwakha ekwakhiweni kwe-Austrian. Lokhu kuye kwagxilwa kusukela ekuqaleni ezindinganisweni ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuhlola ukwakhiwa zase-Austrian ezinjenge-klimaaktiv ne-ÖGNB (TQB). Ekuhleleni nasekwenziweni, intuthuko enkulu yemvelo ingatholakala, ”kuchaza uBernhard Lipp ovela e-Austrian Institute for Building Biology and Construction Ecology IBO.
Amandla ampunga: ukufakwa kuyazikhokhela
Ikakhulu, kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele "amandla grey": inani lamandla adingekayo ukwenza, ukuthutha, ukugcina, ukuthengisa nokulahla umkhiqizo. Uma kukhulunywa ngezinyathelo zokusimamisa, kuhlala kukhona umbuzo wokuthi bazozikhokhela nini ngokwemvelo ngokwamandla ompunga, okungukuthi, basindise amandla adingekayo ukukhiqiza nokuwachitha.
"Ukuncishiswa kokusetshenziswa kwamandla ngogesi ngokufakelwa zombili ngokwemibandela eyinhloko
ukusetshenziswa kwamandla nokulondolozwa kwe-CO2 ngomqondo owumbala wegama elinconywe kakhulu. "
Robert Lechner, i-Austrian Ecology Institute ÖÖI
URobert Lechner ovela e-Austrian Institute of Ecology: "Amandla nokufakwa emvelweni kwezinto ezifakwa ezakhiweni zamandla aphansi ngokuvamile kuthatha izinyanga ezimbalwa kuze kube seminyakeni emibili. Noma ngokulinganisa okubucayi, isakhiwo esisebenza kahle kakhulu siyakwazi ukonga okungenani i-30 kWh yokushisa ngamamitha skwele nonyaka ngokuqhathaniswa nesakhiwo esijwayelekile. Ukuncishiswa kokusetshenziswa kwamandla ngokufakelwa kungumqondo ophakeme wegama elinconyelwa kakhulu zombili ngokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuyisisekelo nokugcinwa kwe-CO2. "Ngokuka-Astrid Scharnhorst wase-IBO," Ukufakwa kwamabhilidi kunciphisa ukushisa okudingakalayo ukufudumeza kwabo nokupholisa nezindleko amandla. Izindleko zokukhiqiza zezinto eziningi ezifakelwa amandla zikhokhiswa ngokwemvelo ngezikhathi esifushane kakhulu. "
Izinto zokuvala umoya: ukuvuselelwa kabusha nokungcola
Ngokufanelekile, ukufakelwa kufanele kusetshenziswe kabusha, noma okungenani kusetshenziswe kabusha. Lokhu kungenzeka ngokuyisisekelo nge-polystyrene, futhi ezinye izinkampani sezivele zisebenza kwizisombululo zobuchwepheshe, ngokwesibonelo zisebenzisa imishini yokugaya, kepha: Ngenxa yokusebenzisa kwangaphambilini i-HBCD ye-fire retardant, ekugcineni enqatshelwe emhlabeni wonke nge-2017, ukusetshenziswa kabusha okwamanje akunakwenzeka.
Ucwaningo olusha oluthi "Dismantling, Recycling and Utilization of ETICS" yiFraunhofer Institute for Building Physics kanye neSikhungo Sokucwaninga I-Thermal Insulation FIW Munich sithi: Ukuhlukaniswa kobungozi kwe-HBCD yomlilo osetshenzisiwe kunciphisa kakhulu amathuba okuphinda kusetshenziswe kabusha. Ngomqondo wokuvimbela imfucumfucu, Ngakho-ke, "okuphindwe kabili" kunconyiwe: ukufakwa okukhona okushisa akuqhekeki, kepha kuqiniswa isendlalelo esengeziwe sokufaka. Ekupheleni kwempilo yepuleti ye-EPS okwamanje kungukubuyiselwa okunamandla kuphela, okusho amandla okuvuselela amandla ngamalangabi. Kodwa-ke, izindlela zokuthola kabusha izinto ezingavuthiwe zifanelekile njengesixazululo, kepha ziyabiza futhi kuze kube manje azisebenzi nakancane ukuthengisa. Lokho kufanele kuguquke manje. Inqubo ebizwa nge-CreaSolv, ngokwesibonelo, iphinda ifumane i-polymer polystyrene emsulwa ngokuthambekisa kwayo okuthile, futhi okwenza sikwazi ukwahlukanisa i-HBCD futhi ithole ne-bromine kuyo. Kuhlelelwa isitshalo esikhulu esikhulu eHolland. Ukuvuselela umthamo: cishe amathani we-3.000 ngonyaka.I-Austria HBCD-free
Kuyanelisa ukuqaphela ukuthi iningi labakhiqizi be-EPS base-Austrian sebekuqedile ukushintshela kwelinye i-pFR yegesi eqhubekayo kusukela ngoJanuwari 2015. Imikhiqizo yasekhaya ye-EPS yeqembu yokuvikela ikhwalithi yePolystyrol-Hartschaum (Brands Austrotherm, I-Austyrol, iBachl, iModrice, iRöhrnbach, iBrucha, i-EPS Industries, iFlatz, iHirsch, iSteinbacher, iSwitisspor) ayinayo i-HBCD. Umbiko wokuhlola wakamuva we-Federal Environmental Agency kumasampula ayishumi adlulisiwe uyatholakala kubahleli. Kodwa-ke, cishe amaphesenti we-15 amapuleti we-EPS atholakala e-Austria. Kufanele futhi kuqashelwe ukuthi azikho izifundo zesayensi zesikhathi eside mayelana nokuphelela kwe-pFR. Okufanayo kusebenza kwizithako ezahlukahlukene zezinye izinto zokufaka zokufakelwa.I-Petrolium kokufakwa
Ngisho nombango wokuthi kungachitha u-oyile ekukhiqizeni kwamabhodi okufakelwa enziwe nge-polystyrene, akulona iqiniso: Yize amasistimu wokufaka okushisa njengamapuleti we-EPS empeleni eyimikhiqizo kaphethiloli, kodwa aqukethe amaphesenti angu-98 omoya namaphesenti amabili kuphela e-polystyrene. Ukusetshenziswa kawoyela ekufakweni-ke kuyakhokha, ngoba uwoyela okufudumele noma okulingana nawo kuyasindiswa
Photo / Video: Ugogo.
