Elisabeth Oberzaucher
Izimo zemvelo zezilwane eziningi zinkulu ukuthi zingakwazi ukubhekelela izidingo zazo eziyisisekelo, kepha akunakutholakali ukwenziwa okuningana, okungaholela ekutholakaleni okukhulu kwensiza. Kodwa-ke, ukufinyelela izinsiza akusatshalaliswa ngokulingene, futhi abanye abantu banokuningi ngenxa yesikhundla sabo sendawo yokuhlala noma ngokususelwa endaweni yabo: izinsiza zokudla eziningi, abalingani bezokuzala abaningi, inzalo eyengeziwe. Ngabe sekuvele kunethezeka?
Imikhawulo yalokho esikuchaza njengokunethezeka uketshezi. Umsuka wegama elithi okunethezeka livela eLatin, lapho okuhunyushwa khona ngokuthi "dislocated" njengokuphambuka kokujwayelekile, futhi kumelela ubuningi nokuchitha. Ngakho-ke ukunethezeka kungukusuka kwesidingo, umthombo wenjabulo. Kodwa-ke, okunethezeka futhi kusho ukusetshenziswa gwenxa kwemithombo, ngaphandle kokubheka ukutholakala nokuqina okuvamile.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunendawo enkulu yenjabulo, injabulo enkulu, kunanini ngaphambili. Ngasikhathi sinye, kepha emphakathini wethu osebenza kahle, ikhala lomuntu liyakhukhumala lapho umuntu ezinikela kuye kuphela ekuzijabuliseni. Ukunethezeka esikufunayo kungenye esiyitholile njengomvuzo wokuzikhandla, hhayi leyo ewela ezingubeni zethu. Esokuqala sithathwa njengenxephezelo efaneleke kahle yokuthi impilo yethu yansuku zonke imnandi kakhulu, futhi isebenza njengomgqugquzeli ukuhlinzeka izinsizakalo ezidingwa yimpilo yethu yansuku zonke.
Kungani uLuxury enguSexy
Izinto zikanokusho nazo zisebenza njengezimpawu zesimo. Uma singakwazi ukukhokhela ukunethezeka, sisayina ukuthi asikwazi ukufeza izidingo zethu eziyisisekelo kuphela, kepha sikhiqiza okusele esingakusebenzisa ngokuzikhandla. Ngenkathi ukulawula ngaphezulu kwezinsizakalo kuyisici esikhangayo, lokhu kukhawulelwe ekuphatheni kwabo okunonya. Emlandweni wokuziphendukela kwemvelo kwabantu, izinsizakusebenza zazingabalulekile nje kuphela, kodwa futhi sanquma ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuba zizalwe ngempumelelo. Ngakho-ke, ukulawula izinsizakusebenza kudlale indima ebalulekile ekukhetheni komlingani, kepha kuhlale kuhlangene nokuzimisela ukwaba izinsizakusebenza. Kwi-psychology yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, ukufuna kwesidoda ngesimo kuchazwa ngokwandisa amathuba okuzala okhokho bethu besilisa. Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi kusekhona ubudlelwano phakathi kwesimo senhlalo nempumelelo yokuzala yabesilisa. Ukusuka kuleli phuzu, umuntu angagcina ephethe ukuthi izimpawu zesimo azisimo sokunethezeka okumsulwa, kepha zisebenza isidingo: zisiza amadoda ukukhulisa inani lomakethe labalingani bawo. Kodwa-ke, benza lo msebenzi kuphela uma behlanganiswe nezici eziphakamisa indlela yokuziphatha neyokusekela, njengokuvunywa komphakathi nokuphana.
I-Luxury njenge-drive
Akumangazi ukuthi "ukuzibandakanya entweni ethile" kudlala indima enkulu emphakathini lapho abantu abaningi bethola umsebenzi ungazuzisi ngokuthile, kodwa njengendlela yokuqeda. Isisekelo sokuziphatha kwezenzo zethu siyinkimbinkimbi yesisusa. Ukugqugquzeleka kusishukumisela ngomqondo ongokoqobo, kusinikeza isisusa sokuthola amandla ashukumisayo, wokuzikhandla ukwenza futhi kwesinye isikhathi ukwenza izinto ezidabukisayo nezingathandeki. Ebantwini, amandla okulinda umvuzo, ukufezeka kwenhloso egqugquzelayo, kumenyezelwa kakhulu ukwedlula kunoma yisiphi esinye isilwane. Ezinhlotsheni eziningi, akumele kube nesikhathi esithe xaxa phakathi kokuziphatha nomvuzo - noma isijeziso - ngoba, uma kungenjalo azithathwa njengezincike komunye nomunye. Nokho, kubantu, lo mvuzo obambezelekile usebenza kahle futhi isikhathi eside kakhulu. Sikhuthazelela impilo yobungcweti engathandeki unyaka wonke kahle ngombono weholide elimnandi. Sibeka imikhawulo kuzindleko zethu zansuku zonke ukuze sikwazi ukutshala imali enkulu. Kepha futhi umphumela wokuya ejimini noma ekudleni unezimpande zawo emvuzweni olindelekile wesikhathi esizayo.
"Njengoba kukhuphuka amazinga okuphila, izinto ziya ngokuya zibonakala ezazibekelwe imizuzwana ekhethekile esizukulwaneni esedlule."
U-Elisabeth Oberzaucher, University of Vienna
I-inflationary okunethezeka
Esikubheka ukunethezeka njengokungabalulekile kepha kufiseleka kakhulu kuncike kakhulu ezimweni zethu zokuphila. Yiziphi izimpawu zesimo nezinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu esizimisele ukudela okuthile? Njengoba amazinga okuphila ekhuphuka, izinto ziya ngokuya zibonakala ezazibekelwe imizuzwana ekhethekile esizukulwaneni esedlule. Kanye nokukwazi okuphezulu, ukufezeka kwalezi zinto kuyancipha. I-Luxury iyinto emangalisayo, engatholakali njalo, iyabiza. Okutholakalayo wonke umuntu kulahlekelwa yileli khwalithi ekhethekile. Ngakho-ke lapho siqondisa khona izifiso zethu kuncike kakhulu kuzidingo zangempela kunalokho okubhekwa njengento engasho lutho futhi ebalulekile.
Isikhathi eside, imoto yayibhekwa njengento yokunethezeka ngoba kubantu abaningi ukuhamba yayingabizi kuphela ngezinye izindlela. Inani elabelwe owakho amasondo amane lingabonakala kulezi zinto ezilandelayo: ngokungafani nezimpahla zabathengi, izinga le-VAT ezimotweni lisephesenti le-32 esikhundleni samaphesenti we-20. Leli nani lentela elikhuphukayo alihambi nganoma yiziphi izindlela ngaphansi kwegama elisebenzayo "intela yokunethezeka". Ngokuthengwa kwemoto abantu banecala lokuhamba kwabo okungase futhi kwenziwe ngaphandle kwemoto yabo. Ikakhulu emadolobheni amakhulu, ukuba nemoto yabantu abaningi kusho ukuba nephathi endaweni yemoto, ucabanga ukuthi ayihambisi kangakanani. Lapha, noma kunjalo, kukhona ushintsho olwenzekayo njengamanje: inani labantu abasha ngaphandle kwelayisense lokushayela liyanda. Ezindaweni ezinkulu, inani lezimoto nge-capita ngalinye lehla. Izimoto zithathelwe indawo yizindawo ezintsha zokunethezeka.
Izimpawu zesimo sesixuku
Njengoba ukusebenza kwezimpawu zesimo kuncike ekutheni abanye bangalindela ukudonsa ikhekhe, izinketho zivulekile ukukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa okuzinzile kwezinsiza kusebenza. Yonke into ingaba uphawu lwesimo, kufanele nje ibonwe injalo. Lokhu sekwenzekile, ngokwesibonelo, emkhakheni wezokudla: Eminyakeni yakamuva, ukusetshenziswa kweqophelo eliphezulu lokudla esigabeni esiphakeme sendawo sekuthole ukubaluleka okukhulu. Hhayi imali eningi kuphela esetshenziswa kuyo, nayo idluliselwa kakhulu ngayo. Kuphela ngenzuzo ehambisanayo, kungenzeka ukuthi uxhase ngezimali amakhono abalimi bendawo kanye newayini elihle le-new winegrower. Ngaphezu kokuzijabulisa, ukusimama futhi kubuye kukhankanye ukuqina njengesisusa salokhu kuziphatha kokusetshenziswa. Isimo sokunethezeka sokudla okunempilo okusho ukuthi okwamanje sigcinelwe abakhethi, kepha sikwenza kube uphawu lwesimo esithandwayo, ngakho-ke kungasiza inqwaba ebanzi ukuyilwela. Lokhu kugqugquzelwa kokudilizwa kuhlongozwe yisazi sokusebenza kwengqondo sokuziphendukela kwemvelo uBobbi Low futhi sathathwa kwezomnotho zokuziphatha. Ukuphikisana kwengqondo okuvela ngokuziphendukela kwemvelo kusekwe ekutheni isimo sidlala indima ekukhetheni komlingani. Ngakho-ke uma ezinye izindlela zokuziphatha ezinzile zenziwa izimpawu zesimo, kungenzeka zilandelwe njengokufiselekayo.
Isikhathi "Nudging”Kwaziwa kakhulu selokhu uRichard Thaler aklonyeliswa ngeNobel Prize kulo nyaka kwezomnotho. Esikhundleni sezimpikiswano ezinengqondo, le ndlela isebenzisa imizwelo nezinqubo ezingazi lutho ukwenza abantu bakhethe enye indlela yokuziphatha eqhubekayo.
Ngakho-ke, ukunethezeka kuyinto enhle: lapho siphumelela ukuhlanganisa izimfanelo nezinto ezinhle ngesithombe sokunethezeka nesimo, senza imvelo nokuqapheleka kube yinto efiselekayo futhi ekhangayo. Uma sikhetha le ndlela kusuka kudrayivu yangaphakathi, khona-ke sizohlala sinokwetheneka kakhulu ngale ndlela efiselekayo yomhlaba wonke kunekutsi kwethulwe izimpikiswano ezinengqondo nathi ngomunwe wethu ophakanyisiwe.
Ilinde ukukhulisa inzuzo
Ukulibaziseka komvuzo kudinga inani elifanelekile lokuzithiba. Izinga esikwazi ukukwenza ngalo lokhu ebuntwaneni lifundwe eminyakeni ye-1970 kusetshenziswa isivivinyo se-marshmallow. Lapha, ingane yanikezwa i-marshmallow futhi yanikela ngezinketho ezimbili: noma ingadla imashi elilodwa, noma ikwazi ukuzibamba bese ilinda isikhashana ukuthi lowo ohlolayo abuyele. Ukube ingane ibingayidlanga imashmallow ngaleso sikhathi, ibizothola enye. Lokhu kuhlolwa kukhombisa ukuthi izingane zazinobunzima obukhulu bokumelana nesilingo; iningi lidle uswidi ngaphambi kokubuya kovavanyo. Ucwaningo lwakamuva lukhombise ukwanda kwengxenye yezingane ezihlala zigxile. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kungahle kube nokuthile neqiniso lokuthi namhlanje izingane zinokufinyelela okungavinjelwe okuningi kumaswidi.
Ukuziphatha kwabantu abadala kubuye kukhombise ukuthi asisihle neze ekucabangeni ngekusasa futhi silinde nemivuzo. Noma ngabe kungukutshala imali noma ukuhlela impesheni, asikwenzi ukukhetha okonga kakhulu. Umnotho ophathelene nokuziphatha uhlinzeka ngemibandela yezimo esizimisele ukukhetha ngaphansi kwazo kamuva, kepha imivuzo ephakeme: umvuzo osheshayo kumele wehlise kakhulu kunenzuzo yesikhathi esizayo, futhi lokhu akumele kube kude kakhulu ngokuzayo. Okokugcina, kumele siqiniseke ukuthi utshalomali lwethu ngokuzayo lusezandleni eziphephile. Ukuphela kwebanga lesikhathi sekudala ukungaqiniseki.
Photo / Video: Ugogo.
