Ukugula okuvela esiqwini

Ngokushesha lapho eyiphakamisa, wabukeka esolisa ngandlela thile. Iloli elincane ebelivele leqa umngcele lisuka e-Austria liya e-Italy lihamba kancane liye eceleni komgwaqo. Umoya upholile, usuku lukaDisemba olucacile ngokusobala engxenyeni esenyakatho-mpumalanga yesifunda saseFriuli Venezia Giulia. “Ukulawulwa kwamaphoyisa, sicela uthole amaphepha.” Njengoba usondela, iloli elimhlophe libukeka njenganoma iliphi elinye: lingabonakali, yingakho kufanele ukubhekisiswa. Iphasiphothi ngakwesinye isandla, elandelayo izulazula kancane phezu kwesinqe somnyango ongemuva. Lapho evula umnyango, amaphoyisa, ami ndawonye njengeqembu eliphambi kwemoto, anuka kabi. Isikhukhula sethuli lezimpaphe sizulazula emoyeni sigcine silele phansi emgwaqweni. Ukumemeza okujabulisayo, nokuphakama okukhulu yinto yokuqala amaphoyisa ayizwayo. Ngokufudumala okungaphakathi kwendawo, ukuqiniseka sekuxubekile: uthayiphe kahle. Opholi obuluhlaza okotshani, ophuzi ngokugqamile nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka babuka amaphoyisa. Zicula kamnandi, izilwane zizama ukunyakaza, kepha isikhala esincane esisezizindeni asikwazi ukuzivumela ukuba ziguquke. Ilanga lasebusika likhanya emlonyeni wabo lisondelene. 

Ukushintsha kwendawo. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva, uFrancesco (* igama lishintshiwe) usembhedeni. Ubunzima bokuqala bokuthola umoya buwohloke ngokushesha. Umkhuhlane omkhulu nokuqaqamba komzimba akukwenzi kube lula ukubhekana nezinkinga zamaphaphu. Ukutheleleka okungatholakali kungaholela ekufeni kwabantu, manje uyazi. I-Psittacosis yigama lesifo iphoyisa lasekhaya elasithola. Izimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane ekuqaleni zazenza kube nzima kudokotela owelapha ukuthola ukuthi amasosha akhe omzimba alwa nani. Ngemuva kokusebenza kwakhe nozakwabo begula, ukuhlolwa kwegazi kukhombise obekuvele kusatshwa: i-pathogen ibizwa ngeChlamydophila psittaci. Kulethwe ama-parrot kanye nama-budgies acishe abe ngu-3000 atholakala ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa kwezilwane ngokungemthetho kokugcina. 

"Amaphoyisa athola inyumoniya ngaleso sikhathi, kanti lesi sifo sithinta indlela yokuphefumula," kuchaza uMarie-Christin Rossmann, udokotela wezilwane nenhloko yezifo ezithathelwanayo eCarinthia. Ukuhweba kwezilwane zomhlaba wonke kukhethekile kuye. Ngaleso sikhathi, ebusika 2015, isifo sikapholi sasiyithonsi lokugcina elaphula umgqomo. Emngceleni owela ngaseTravis, kunxantathu yomngcele wase-Italy-Austrian-Slovenian eCanal Valley, izikhulu zamasiko ejwayelekile zazithola ukuthuthwa okungahambisani nhlobo nomthetho wenhlalakahle yezilwane. Imidlwane emincane ihlukaniswe nonina kusenesikhathi, amazinyane amazinyane, ama-budgies agulayo. Izilwane, zonke lezi bekumele zithole abanikazi bazo abasha lapho zidayiswa zisemotweni. Ngaleso sikhathi i-Austria ne-Italy bajoyina njengabalingani bephrojekthi, kwathi ngo-2017 basungula iphrojekthi ye-Biocrime, eyayixhaswa yi-EU. "Abantu abangamaphesenti angama-70 abanalo nhlobo ulwazi lokuthi ama-zoonoses ayini nokuthi angaba yingozi kangakanani kubantu," kusho uRossmann, oyinhloko yephrojekthi ye-Interreg Bio-Crime esifundazweni saseCarinthia e-Austria. Izifo ezithathelwanayo njengesifo sikapholi noma i-coronavirus zingadluliselwa zisuka ezilwaneni ziye kubantu futhi okuphambene nalokho, uyachaza. Izikhulu zakwa-Customs ikakhulukazi zisengozini lapho zihambisa izilwane uma zisesha amabhasi noma izimoto ukuthola izinto ezingekho emthethweni noma izikhumbuzo. Kepha abazali abafuna ukunika izingane zabo isilwane nabo baya ngokuya bahlangana nezifo. Njengoba i-Intanethi ikhuphuka ngokuthengwa kwezilwane, ngokusho kochwepheshe, inani elikhulu kakhulu labantu lingawela ngamanani. "Ama-euro ayi-1000 asevele eyintengo eshibhile yenja yozalo," kusho isazi senhlalakahle yezilwane. Ngezansi kwalapho, akunakwenzeka ukugcina ngezindleko zokunakekelwa, ukugoma kanye nokubulala izikelemu. Abafuyi ababucayi babehlala behamba nomama behamba nabo futhi babekhombisa inzalo yomzali. "Abantu abaningi phesheya bathenga izinja ezincane ikakhulukazi ngenxa yozwelo, ngoba zibukeka zidinga ukuvikelwa futhi zibiza ama-euro angama-300 kuphela," kusho uRossmann. Umkhonyovu osebenzayo, yize kungekho emthethweni ukuthenga izilwane ezisencane ezingaphansi kwamasonto ayisishiyagalombili ubudala. Njengomphumela wokuhoxa ngokushesha ubisi lwebele nezimo zenhlanzeko ezihlala zimbi, amalungu omndeni amasha avame ukugula impilo yabo yonke. 

I-coronavirus ayibonisanga kuqala ukuthi ama-zoonoses ayingozi kangakanani. Izifo ezithwalwa yizilwane zingadala ingozi enkulu, kubandakanya nabantu. "Uma lesi sifo siqubuka, yilokho kuphela. Bambalwa kakhulu abantu abazi, ngokwesibonelo, ukuthi abantu abangama-60.000 babulawa amarabi minyaka yonke," kusho udokotela wezilwane. Ngoba lesi sifo siyabulala ngamaphesenti ayi-100. Imvamisa izilwane ezilethwe ngokungemthetho azigonywa. Izifo zebhaktheriya ikakhulukazi zazivame ukulethwa emingceleni. Izilwane ezifakwe ngokungemthetho zivame ukugula, eziningi zazo zinezimuncagazi, ngisho namakati angaba ne-salmonella ayidlulisele kubantu. "Siqale ngezingane". Iphrojekthi exhaswe yi-EU yazise amakhulukhulu ezingane nabantu abasha ngobungozi emihlanganweni yokufundisa ezikoleni, ngaleyo ndlela kwakheka ulwazi oluyisisekelo esizukulwaneni esilandelayo. Amaphoyisa ayi-1000 esewonke aqeqeshiwe futhi axhumene namanye. Iphrojekthi ye-EU idale inethiwekhi enkulu yesifunda ebonakala ngobumbano oluzisekelayo ekulweni nokushushumbiswa kwezilwane. Umnyango ophenya ngamacala obugebengu ubekwe kabanzi futhi ungangenelela ngokushesha emingceleni.

Ukuthi ngabe izilwane zilethwe ngamabomu zigula emingceleni? Lokho kungaba uhlobo olusha ngokuphelele lobuphekula, ngokusho kochwepheshe bokutheleleka. "Uma ufuna ukulimaza izwe ngenhloso, lokho kungaba yinto engenzeka". Bekungeke kulahle izwe lase-Italy ama-euro ayizigidi ezingama-35 ezindlekweni zesibhedlela ukube o pholi abenegciwane empeleni bebethengisiwe ngaleso sikhathi. Ngezinga lokushona ngamaphesenti ayisihlanu ebelizosho ukuthi bekuzofa abantu abayi-150, ngokusho kokuqagela kwethimba lochwepheshe. Inhloso enkulu yephrojekthi akuyona kuphela ubumbano esimweni sezingcuphe zezempilo kanye nokwanda kolwazi mayelana nobugebengu obuhleliwe bamazwe omhlaba, kodwa futhi nomgomo "wezempilo eyodwa". Njengoba ukusabalala kwama-zoonoses njenge-coronavirus kuzoqhubeka nokubeka ubungozi kwezomnotho nakwezempilo ngokuzayo, iphrojekthi ingathanda ukuqinisa umsebenzi phakathi kwezilwane zezilwane nodokotela babantu nangaphezulu. Le kuphela kwendlela izingozi ezingaziwa ezingakhonjwa ngokushesha okukhulu ngokuzayo futhi zilwe ndawonye, ​​ngokusho kukachwepheshe. 

"I-Zoonoses ibhekene nobhadane olukhulu kunawo wonke emlandweni wesintu," kusho uPaolo Zucca, umphathi wephrojekthi ye-Interreg project. Ngokuphikisana nenkolelo evamile, ukusakazeka kwezifo ezidluliselwa yizilwane ezincelisayo kuphakeme kakhulu eNyakatho Melika, eYurophu naseRussia kunase-Afrika, e-Australia naseNingizimu Melika, ngokusho kwesitatimende sikadokotela wezilwane kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni yephrojekthi, ezobuyekezwa ngokuqhubekayo phakathi nobhadane ekuqaleni kuka-2020 bekulokhu. Ngaphambi kwe-COVID-19, izifo eziwumshayabhuqe ezaziwa kakhulu kwakuyigciwane le-Zika, i-SARS, i-West Nile fever, isifo kanye ne-Ebola.

Ephethe imaski namagilavu, uFrancesco uphakamisa iloli elimnyama eceleni komgwaqo. KungoJulayi 2020, futhi ngemuva kokuthi ukuvinjelwa kungavunyelwe ukuthuthwa kwezilwane ngokungemthetho isikhashana, imingcele kunxantathu manje isivulekile futhi. Kusukela ekuqeqesheni kwakhe iphrojekthi, umphathi wamasiko azi kahle ukuthi angazibona kanjani izilwane ezigulayo, ukuthi angazivikela kanjani yena nozakwabo emsebenzini, futhi uyazi nemithetho yezomthetho. Ochwepheshe manje basebenza ngokubambisana esikhungweni se-Bio-crime Center: Yisikhungo sokuqala se-Veterinary Medical Intelligence and Research Centre ukusungulwa e-Europe. 

Umbhali: U-Anastasia Lopez