Helmut Melzer
Sekuyiminyaka engaphezu kwe-40, enye yezinkampani zemishwalense ezinkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, iMunich Re (eyayikade iyiMunich Re), ibhekana nesihloko sokushintsha kwesimo sezulu nemiphumela yaso. Lokho kungumsebenzi wakhe. Njengoba bekulindelekile, umphumela awuthokozi kakhulu: emhlabeni wonke, njengoba kufakazelwa yi-World Map of Natural Hazards (bheka ngezansi), izehlakalo zesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu zizoqhubeka zikhula. Okwe-2016 kuphela, izehlakalo ezizodwa ze-750 ziye zachazwa njengezinhlekelele zemvelo - ngokulahleka okuphelele kwemali ezungeze ama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-50. Ukungazibali lezo zinguquko ezivele ziqhume ngokushesha phakathi kwabanye e-Austria: Izimvula ezande ngokwedlulele phakathi kokuphokophela okushisa okuqhubekayo.
Ucwaningo "COIN - Izindleko Zokungasebenzi: Ukuhlola Izindleko Zokushintshwa Kwesimo Sezulu Kwe-Austria" kubaliwe usongo lomonakalo emnothweni wase-Austria kuze kube se2050. Umphumela: ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kungabiza cishe ama-euro ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-8,8 ngonyaka uma imvelo ingashintshi. Ukuthi ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kwenzeka, bekuyaziwa isikhashana, njengoba amagrafu ekhombisa izinguquko ekushiseni kwezulu nasekushisweni kwe-1978 kuya ku-2007. Okudabukisa kakhulu ukuthi kuleli lizwe kunesimo sokuma kwezemvelo. Yize i-2015 ifinyelele esinqumweni esivumelanayo sesimo sezulu somhlaba wonke eParis, imiphumela yangempela ayikafiki.
Kulomongo, kuyacaca futhi ukuthi izingxoxo mayelana nokwakhiwa okuzinzile azinangqondo ngoba zibhekwa kusukela manje. Kwabanini bamakhaya, umbuzo uwukuthi: isimo sezulu sethu sesifunda sizobukeka kanjani nge-10, 20 noma ngisho ne-50 iminyaka?
Ngesizathu esihle, sekuvele kuxwayiswa ukuthi izindleko zezindlu zesikhathi esizayo azikona nje zokushisa, kodwa ikakhulukazi zokupholisa. Kakade, izindleko zezindlu zokupholisa zingamaphesenti ayishumi kuya kwe-15.
Isici esikhulu ekusebenzeni kahle kwamandla esikhathini esizayo kuzoba igobolondo lokwakha nokufakelwa okuhambisanayo .. Uphenyo olwenziwe yiViva Research Park eWopfing, Lower Austria, luhlinzeka ngemininingwane. Ezindlini eziyishumi zokucwaninga ezenziwe ngezinto ezahlukahlukene zokwakha, iBaumit, umakhi wezinto zokwakha, ilingisa izimo zangempela zokuhlala ndawonye nezikhungo zocwaningo kanye nokuxhumana okucwaningwayo phakathi kwezinto zokwakha nemiphumela yazo kwezempilo. Isiphetho: Cishe kuzo zonke izakhiwo zokwakha i-physics kanye nokuhlola induduzo, indlu engagcinwanga isebenza kabi kunezindlu ezifakiwe. Ungakhohlwa: Indlu engavinjelwanga idla amandla afinyelela kumaphesenti angu-250 Futhi: Ososayensi be-FH Burgenland basebenzisane kakhulu nemiphumela yezakhiwo nezakhiwo zezindlela zokwakha ekuhlaziyeni kwabo. Kukhonjisiwe ukuthi izindlu ezinokufakwa okuhle kwangaphandle namandla amakhulu wangaphakathi kwesitolo zinamandla futhi zinxephezela ukuguquguquka kwezinga lokushisa kwesikhashana esifushane - ngabe kuyashisa noma kuyabanda. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, ukhonkolo wokugcina isisindo uvikela ekushiseni ngokweqile kwehlobo.
Ukuhlola nge-ice block
Ubufakazi obuhle kakhulu bomphumela wokwakhiwa okuzinzile ekushiseni busanda kunikezwa ama-NGO I-Passive House Austria futhi I-Global 2000 Ngokusekelwe ekuhlolweni: uhhafu wethoni weqhwa oncibilikisiwe ngo-Ephreli ezindlini ezimbili ezincane. Enye yezindlu yayakhiwe ngendlela esezingeni elifanele, enye ekwakhiweni okujwayelekile. Ibhlokhi leqhwa endlini esejwayelekile aligcinanga ngisho amasonto amane futhi ekugcineni lancibilika ngaphambi kosuku lukaMama. Ibhlokhi leqhwa endlini efakwe ngokufakelwa lihambisane nokushisa kwehlobo ehlobo ngaphezulu kwamaphesenti ama-60. Ngemuva kwenyanga nengxenye, kwakusele ama-20 kg weqhwa asele. "Lokhu kwenza kucace ukuthi ukwakhiwa okusebenza ngamandla kuyabakhokhela ngokweqile ubusika obuningi nobusika. Indlu engena nje ivikela kangcono kakhulu ekushiseni ngokweqile ngisho nasehlobo, kepha ngakolunye uhlangothi ayizishisi izinguquko zesimo sezulu ", kunezela uGünter Lang wasePassivhaus Austria.
Photo / Video: Ugogo.
