Lwela isimo sezulu

"Sekuyiminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amabili, noma yikuphi ukucubungula okuphoqayo kokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye nezimbangela zalo kuphikisiwe inselele ngamabomu; Noma yimuphi umzamo wokuthuthukisa izinhlelo ezivelelayo zezinyathelo ezihambelana nezidingo zempilo zenziwa ukuthi kube nokuhlangana okungajwayelekile kwezimo zezomnotho ezikhulula kakhulu (ukukhula! Ukukhula! Ukukhula!), Kanye nomsindo ongemuva (kude nemigomo!) Nenqubomgomo yamakhasimende yenhlangano yezombusazwe "eyenzelwe lowo muntu omncane" ( Asifanele - abanye kufanele basolwe! Ngokubhekene nokwesatshiswa okuhlosiwe (okwakwamanye amazwe! Izinhlayiya zenhlalo!) Kuhlasimulile futhi ku-Austrian enhle: kudutshulwe, ngaphambi kokuba kuxoxwe ngokujulile, "kusho uRobert Lechner we-Austrian Society for Sustainable Building ÖGNB" kudliwe ".

"Izingxenye ezinkulu zemboni yezokwakha azinendaba nokusebenza kahle kwamandla nokuvikelwa kwesimo sezulu."
URobert Lechner, ÖGNB

Amaphesenti ayishumi kuphela akhipha i-CO2

Masibhekane nakho: Ushintsho lwesimo sezulu luyenzeka. Umonakalo kade wenziwa. Manje kumayelana nomkhawulo womonakalo okhona. Futhi-ke, noma ngabe esikhathini esizayo esisekude kangaka namanje impilo esemqoka emhlabeni kungenzeka. Akunangqondo, uma lokho kungakhishwa ngonyaka we-2016.
Into eyodwa eqinisekile: Uma sithatha kalula nje imigomo yokuvikela isimo sezulu okuvunyelenwe ngayo kwisivumelwano sezulu saseParis 2015 ngesimo sezulu esingathí sina lapho ukufudumala komhlaba okuqhubekayo ku-+ 1,5 noma ku- + 2 degrees Celsius kungavunyelwa khona futhi kube nomthelela omubi kakhulu odalekile. E-Austria, lokhu kusho ukuthi ku-2050, sivunyelwe kuphela ukukhipha cishe amaphesenti ayishumi wokukhishwa kwe-CO2 kusuka ku-1990, okulingana namathani ayisishiyagalombili wamathani CO2. Lokho akukuningi. Ishidi lamanje le-CO2 ibhalansi, ngokusho kwesimo se-Federal Environment Agency mayelana ne-2015, lizoba ngaphansi kwamathani ayizigidi ezingama-78,8 we-CO2 alinganayo, libeke i-Austria ezingeni elifanayo njengaphambilini kweminyaka ye-25.

Ukulwa kwemikhakha

"Ngokombono wanamuhla, umbuzo obaluleke kakhulu awukona: Sikwenza kanjani lokho? Umbuzo obaluleke kakhulu uthi: Sizokwenzenjani ngamathani ethu ayisigidi se-CO2 ngonyaka we-2050? ", ULechner uwubeka ngamafuphi. Impi yokulwa kwabavukeli kade yaqala, okuchaza ukuthi kungani lisekhona iqhinga lesimo sezulu sasekhaya maqondana nesivumelwano sezulu saseParis. Imuphi umkhakha wezomnotho okufanele i-CO2 ikwazi "ukuphuma" ngokuzayo? Ziphi izinto eziza kuqala kithi?
Izimpendulo empeleni zisobala: Sizoqhubeka nokuthembela ekudleni ngokuzayo, okusho ukuthi imboni yezolimo neyezilwane izophuma kakhulu ehlathini. Futhi futhi izici zisebenza nokukhiqiza akunakugwenywa.
Yilokho nge-CO2. Okusho ukuthi: akusekho ukuphuma kwezimoto, ukuphathwa kwemfucuza, ... - futhi hhayi emkhakheni wezokwakha.

Isakhiwo se-lever elula

Okusiletha kumbuzo olandelayo: Yiziphi izindawo lapho kungavinjelwa khona ngokoqobo ukuphuma kwe-CO2? Vele, imboni kusamele igoge kahle. Kodwa-ke, ukuphuma kwezulu cishe ngeke kugwenywe. Njengasezolimo, okukhishwa kwazo okuvele sekuvele ngezinqubo zokuvutshelwa kwemvelo yemvelo. Futhi-ke, ukushintshela ku-e-ukuhamba ngeke kugcinwe - futhi kuzoba yisidina ngokwanele. Kodwa-ke, indawo osekuyisikhathi eside inezisombululo zezobuchwepheshe ilungele i-CO2 waiver: isigaba sokwakha.
Endaweni yemizi, ukufudumeza isikhala kumelela inani eliphakeme kakhulu lokusebenzisa amandla cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zokusebenzisa amandla okugcina ekhaya.Ukuze kufezekiswe izinhloso zezulu zase-Austria, izindlela ezisebenza kahle zamandla kanye nokuhamba okusheshayo kuyadingeka - futhi bonke ochwepheshe basekhaya bezizinda zesayensi bayavuma imithombo yamandla evuselelekayo yokushisa isikhala.

Izixazululo Passive House & Co

Izixazululo bezilapho isikhathi eside: ukusuka endlini nje engenisa endlini yelanga kuya endlini eyi-energy energy, kunomqondo wokwakha kukho konke ukunambitheka. Kukhona izinto ezingaphezu kuka-20 ezitholakalayo ukufakelwa okushisayo - kufaka phakathi ezingavuselelwa. Futhi kunezindlela eziningi ezingavuseleleka zamafutha okushisa komhlaba ngokushisa. “Ngezakhiwo ezintsha zodwa phakathi konyaka ka-2016 ukuya ku-2020, isidingo esingeziwe samandla kagesi singaba ngu-5.483 GWh ngokohlelo lwezwe. Lokhu kuzohambisana namaphesenti ama-43 wokukhiqizwa okushisa okuphelele kwazo zonke izitshalo ezinamandla okushisa nokushisa kwesifunda. Lokhu kukhuphuka kwezidingo zamandla kungancishiswa ngo-3.570 GWh kuleveli evamile yendlu nezindleko zamandla zingancishiswa ngu-EUR wezigidi ezingama-200 ngonyaka. Lokhu kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi izindlu ezingabizi kakhulu ezingabiza izakhamizi ezizayo ezingaba ngu-600.000, ”kuchaza uGünter Lang wasePassivhaus Austria.

Ukumelana nomkhakha wolondolozo

Kepha inqubomgomo yesimo sezulu yasekhaya iyaqhubeka nokubonakala ngokuxineka nokuphazamiseka. Kuphela kulo nyaka, imali yesheke ebizwa ngokuthi ukuhlelwa kabusha yaphinde yanqunywa - ukusuka kuma-132,4 ama-euro ayizigidi ngonyaka we-2013 kuya kwizigidi ze-43,5 (2016). Yize kufakwe umfutho kwezomnotho okufakazelwe nokwenyuka kwamanani ngaphansi kwesilinganiso sokwakha kabusha esingaphansi kwephesenti elilodwa. Okokugcina kusho ukuthi kuthatha iminyaka eyi-70 kuya kuma-100 kuze kube yilapho isitoko sokwakha esikhona e-Austria sivuselelwa ngokomzimba.
Izimo zoxhaso lwezindlu ezakhiwe nazo kumele zigxekwe kakhulu: ukubekelwa phansi imishini yokwakhiwa kwezindlu bekungcwatshwa eminyakeni edlule; ngaphansi kwengxabano yokwakhiwa kwezindlu ezingabizi, izifundazwe ziya ngokuya zithi ukuvumelana nemigomo yemvelo.
Iqiniso lokuthi imboni yezokwakha nezezakhiwo iyachuma njengomunye wemikhakha embalwa nokuthi inhlupheko kwezomnotho ngandlela thile yenza izingxoxo zibe nzima. Okuthusa kakhulu, kepha, isimo sengqondo sokugcina ubuchwepheshe esimeme nentshisekelo yokwandisa inzuzo enamathele kakhulu kulo mkhakha. Lechner: "Ake siyeke ukuzikhohlisa. Izingxenye ezinkulu zemboni yezokwakha azinandaba nokusebenza kahle kwamandla nokuvikelwa kwesimo sezulu. Bathola imiphumela edabukisayo iyacasula. Futhi ngqo lo mphakathi osebenzayo ubelokhu ulandela inqubomgomo yokunqamula amandla, ukuthambisa amazinga akhona kanye nokuvinjwa kwezinhlelo ezintsha zokuvikela isimo sezulu embonini yezokwakha iminyaka eminingana. "

"Njengoba kunikezwe imiphumela yalolu cwaningo lokuqala, umcabango wokuthi" ukwanda kwamandla kagesi njengezitha zemvelo yokwakha okungabizi kakhulu "akubonakali uqhubeka njalo."

Imikhawulo yezomnotho

Ukude nabalingisi bomkhakha wezokwakha, abenqaba ukuthuthuka emkhakheni we-ecology, iphuzu elilodwa eliyinhloko libekwa kaninginingi: ukwakhiwa komnotho nokusebenza kahle kwamandla bekungeke kube nomnotho ngokwezezimali. Okulandelayo: Kuyiqiniso, kunomkhawulo wezomnotho lapho lezo zinyathelo esakhiweni zikhokha ngaphezulu komjikelezo wempilo. Okwamanje, nokho, izifundo eziningi, izifundo kanye, empeleni, amaphrojekthi amaningi wokwakha afakazele ukuthi ngisho nendlu yokwakheka ingakhiwa ngezindleko zesakhiwo esijwayelekile, noma okungenani kungenise izindleko ezingezekile ngokulondolozwa okuqhubekayo kwezindleko zamandla esikhathini esiphakathi naphakathi. Okubaluleke kakhulu nokho, ukuthola umakhi onobuchule owakha ngamagama afanele: eyedwa, umehluko wezindleko zokwakha ezifundazweni zombuso ungaba ngamaphesenti we-50.
Ucwaningo lwaseJalimane olwenziwe yi-Ecofys Institute seluthole nokuthi zonke izinto ezibalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kwamandla ziye zashibhile kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva nje. Isiphetho salolu cwaningo: "Uma sibheka imiphumela yalolu cwaningo lokuqala, umbono we" wokukhulisa amandla esebenza njengezitha zemvelo wokwakha osebenza izindleko "awubonakali uqinile."

Photo / Video: Ugogo.