Ukushisa ngamapellethi

Ukusuka ngaphandle, amaphilisi awabukeki ngokuphelele, kepha amandla awo amakhulu afihliwe ngaphakathi: Ngamandla we-4,8 kWh / kg (17.000 kJ / kg) azungeze amathani amabili amapellets ahambelana namalitha ayi-1.000 kawoyela wokushisa. Akusizi ngalutho ukuthi ukucindezelwa kwamapulangwe amancane kuthathwa njengabaphethe ithemba ngekusasa lamandla alingene nemvelo. Umgomo ucacile selokhu kwavela Isivumelwano Sezulu SaseParis sango-2015 maduzane: Ngenkathi amafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi kuzodingeka avinjelwe njengomthombo wamandla emashumini ambalwa eminyaka ezayo futhi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okwenyuka njengamanje kufanele kunqandwe, igebe elisele kufanele livalwe cishe ngokuphelele ngamandla avuselelekayo. I-Biomass ikakhulukazi ngokwesiko ibamba iqhaza elibalulekile e-Austria: amaphesenti ama-57,7 ababazekayo yisabelo se-bioenergy ngezinkuni zokubasa, izinkuni zokhuni, amapelethi nokunye okunjalo emandleni avuselelekayo - ngaphambi kukagesi ophehlwa amandla. Imithombo yamandla e-biogenic nayo ingaphambi kwejika uma kukhulunywa ngokushisa amafulethi asekhaya: Ngesabelo semakethe samaphesenti angama-33, bebehamba phambili ngegesi yemvelo (amaphesenti angama-2012), uwoyela wokushisa (amaphesenti angama-24), ukufudumeza kwesifunda (amaphesenti ayi-23), ugesi (12,5, 3,9%) kanye namaphampu okushisa nelanga okushisa (ndawonye amaphesenti angu-3,4).

Pellets ngezinombolo

Ngisho ne-1997 ibiyindlela yokukhiqizwa kwe-pellet yase-Austria kumathani we-5.000, kusukela lapho, ukukhiqizwa nokusetshenziswa sekukhuphuke kakhulu: I-2015 isivele ikhiqize amathani ayisigidi womhlaba kuleli panethi, amathani we-850.000 asetshenzisiwe. Ngonyaka ofanayo, i-Austrian ngayinye idla isilinganiso samakhilogremu ama-100 amakhilogremu ngezinhloso zokufudumeza futhi isemngceleni neDenmark, ngemuva nje kweSweden (120 kg). Kepha imali esele ayilula kangako: I-Austria ibilokhu ithumela ngaphandle i-pellet: Amathani we-2015 555.000 aya emazweni aphesheya, amathani we-369.000 athunyelelwa ikakhulukazi evela eRomania, eJalimane nase Czech Republic.

Ama-pellets akhiqizwa e-Austria njengomkhiqizo owenziwe ngomkhiqizo wezinkuni futhi uwumphumela wokusetshenziswa kwe-sawdust and shajings yezinkuni, okuthi ngale ndlela kuhlanjululwe kube ngumthombo wamandla osezingeni eliphakeme. Ama-sawdust ne -huni shavings akhiqizwa ngokuzenzakalelayo ngobuningi obukhulu lapho usika / ulungisa izinkuni.

Impumelelo ye-biomass eminyakeni yamuva nje ingachazwa ngendlela elula, ngaphandle komqondo wemvelo: Amapelethi ikakhulukazi ayindlela ehlanzekile, yesikhathi esizayo futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, okungabizi, okulinganiselwe okubandakanya izindleko ekufudumaleni kawoyela negesi. I-1997 ingasebenzisa kuphela ama-pellets e-425 e-Austrian ukufudumeza Ama-boilers we-2014 pellet abaliwe.
Ukusetshenziswa kwendlela yokushisa yendawo enobungane nakho kungakhula ngokushesha, kepha: "Ukukhiqizwa kwePellet kungenzeka kuthuthuke ngokuzayo, njengaphambilini, kucishe kufane nokusetshenziswa kwasekhaya. Phakathi kokunye, lokhu kungukusebenza kokuthi ukuguqulwa kwamandla kuthathwa ngokungathi sína kangakanani, ngasiphi isivinini, ngokwesibonelo, isibalo samanje sezinhlelo zokushisa uwoyela e-700.000 e-Austria sesithathelwa indawo, "kusho uChristian Rakos, uMqondisi Ophethe weqembu labaphathi be-Austria.

Ugesi ophuma kuma-pellets

Kepha ama-pellets amancane nawo anethuba elikhudlwana: Okwamanje, kusetshenziswa izisombululo zobuchwepheshe ukukhiqiza ugesi kwimikhiqizo eyenziwe ngokhuni. Lokhu kubhekisele ekushiseni okuhlanganisiwe namandla kuluhlu lwamandla amancane, okuvumela amandla kanyekanye ukukhiqizwa kokushisa. Kusadingeka isidingo sokucwaninga nentuthuko lapha, kepha amamodeli okuqala wokushisa asemakethe. Futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, bazonikeza into eyodwa ngokuzayo: ukuzimela okwengeziwe kwamakhaya. U-ÖkoFen usanda kugunyaza uhlelo lokuqala "olukhulu" lokufudumeza i-pellet "Pellematic e-max" kwikhasimende.

Ubandlululo luphikisiwe

Konke kulungile futhi kuhle - uma kungenjalo ukubandlulula kungalimaza ikusasa eliluhlaza. Ubandlululo lokuqala: Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwezinkuni kuyalimaza, kulimaze nemvelo. "Ukusetshenziswa kwehlathi akusilo usongo ehlathini. Usongo lwangempela emahlathini endabuko ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu. Kufanele sisebenzise ihlathi elisetshenziswayo ngendlela efanelekile, ukuze siqinisekise ukuba khona kwamahlathi esikhathini eside ", kuphambana noRakos. Futhi: "Eminyakeni engamashumi amahlanu edlule, i-Austrian Forest Inventory (ÖWI) ibilokhu ihlola isimo nezinguquko ehlathini lase-Austrian. Imininingwane yalo inikezela imininingwane ngokuqina kwayo futhi isetshenziswa njengesisekelo sezinqumo kwinqubomgomo nenqubo yezemvelo. Izitoko zezinkuni, izifundo zikhombisa, bezikhula ngokuqinile kusukela ngo-1960s. Ukulondolozwa kanye nokwanda kokusetshenziswa kwezinkuni njengempahla eluhlaza kanye nomthombo wamandla akudingeki kungahambisani. "Futhi imininingwane ye-ÖWI empeleni isibonisa isithombe esicacile: I-Austria inendawo yamaphesenti ama-47,6 ngamahektha acishe abe yizigidi ezine - ngokunyuka konyaka kwamahektha we-3.040. AmaRakos: "E-Austria, ama-pellets akhiqizwa kuphela kusuka ku-sawdust and shavings. Kuma-pellets, awukho umuthi owodwa oxoshwa. E-Europe, cishe yi-2 / 3 kuphela yezinkuni ezivuselelwa minyaka yonke - izinkuni ezisehlathini zihlala zikhula. "

Isifunda esikhulu

Ubandlululo lwesibili: Ngokungeniswa kwama-pellets ebangeni elide, umqondo wezemvelo uyanqotshwa. Ama-skeptics athi ama-pellets empeleni ayindwangu eluhlaza engavuselelekayo, kodwa i-CO2 nayo iyakhutshwa ngesikhathi sokulungiswa nokuhamba. Isibonelo somkhiqizi weWelser pellet uSturmberger siyakuphika lokhu ngokusobala kumapherishi asekhaya: Iqiniso lokuthi lapho kukhiqizwa futhi kulethwe ukushisa kuphela kokucima ukhuni kusuka esitshalweni sokuqothula imfucumfucu kanye nokukhiqizwa kahle kwamandla, kungaba nge-98,9-amaphesenti we-CO2 wokuqhathanisa nokushisa uwoyela. Isiphetho: Igama elingukhiye ekusetshenzisweni kwe-pellet kuyinto yesifunda.

Ezomnotho factor pellets

Futhi lokhu kufunda kukhombisa enye inzuzo enkulu yezomnotho: Ukwanda okwenziwe ngamandla kwamandla avuselelekayo kwenza imali yentela komasipala, kudale imisebenzi futhi ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukise amandla okuthenga esifundeni. EJalimane, ukushisa okuvela emithonjeni evuselelekayo kukhiqize imali engaba yisigidi sama-euro e-2012. E-Austria, kukhona ucwaningo olwenziwa yi-Austrian Energy Agency, echaza ukuqashwa kwezifunda ngokuqondile ngokusebenzisa amandla avela ku-biomass. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlelo zokufudumeza, ikakhulukazi lezo ezenzelwe uwoyela negesi yemvelo, amanani we-pellets - amahora we-123 noma ama-217 amahora we-TJ ngayinye, uma isitshalo sokuphonsela indawo sitholakala esifundeni - inika isithombe esijabulisayo sokuqina kokuqashwa kwesifunda.

Izinzuzo nokungalungi

• Ama-pellets angumthombo wamandla ovuselelekayo ohlangabezana nesidingo sokushisa sendlu. Ukukhiqiza amandla amancane kusenabo ubuchwepheshe bokuncintisana.
• Abashisi be-Pellet banikeza induduzo ephakeme kakhulu yokushisa nokuthembela.
• Ama-pellets angumkhiqizo wemvelo ojwayelekile, ojwayelekile wasendlini onenani eliphakeme le-calorific kanye nomlilo ohlanzekile.
• Ama-pellets adinga isikhala esincane futhi angagcinwa egumbini lokugcina lamafutha elidala.
• Ukufakelwa kwe-pellet kungabekwa futhi egumbini lokuhlala (izitofu ze-pellet noma izitofu zokufudumeza eziphakathi kwe-pellet) futhi kudale umoya ophilayo ngokusebenzisa isibani somlilo.
• Ama-pellets awagcini nje ngokubiza kakhulu kawoyela ophefumulayo kanye negesi, kodwa futhi abiza kakhulu.
• Izinhlelo zokufudumeza ama-pellet zigqugquzelwa ezifundeni eziningi ezihlangene kanye nesiKhwama Sezulu Nezamandla.
• Ama-pellets awuphethiloli ohambisana nesimo sezulu ngoba akhipha kuphela i-CO2 enkulu njengoba izihlahla ziye zancipha lapho kukhula emoyeni.
• Ama-pellets e-Wood amelela inani elingeziwe lendawo kanye nemisebenzi futhi ngaleyo ndlela adale unembeza omuhle kwezenhlalo nowezemvelo.
• Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlelo zokushisa i-oyela negesi, izindleko zokutshalwa kwemali eziphakeme.

Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphelele kwasekhaya, amandla avuselelekayo kanye ne-biomass

(Izibalo Austria, Energy Balance 2013)

Photo / Video: Ugogo.