Imiqondo yokwakha: ukwakha ngokuphepha esikhathini esizayo

Ukude nesifiso se-ecology ethe xaxa: Izinyathelo zesimo sezulu kade zaba yinto esemthethweni, ezoba nomthelela omkhulu eminyakeni ezayo. Mayelana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu nezinhloso zesimo sezulu okuvunyelwene ngazo i-EU, ukubaluleka kokwakhiwa okuqhubekayo nokwakhiwa kabusha kukhuphuke kakhulu. Ngalesi sizathu, i-2012 yethule i- "National National", ethi kuze kube yi-2020 kancane ibeka amazinga aphansi wokusebenza kwamandla kwezakhiwo ezintsha nokwakhiwa kabusha kabusha. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukwakhiwa okuzinzile kudingeka ngokusemthethweni. Mayelana nokulondolozwa kwenani lendlu ehleliwe, izinga elisezingeni eliphansi kusamele libe yinto okufanele isethwe.

Umnotho wefactor

Iqiniso ngukuthi impikiswano yokuthi izakhiwo ezizinzileyo ngeke zisebenze zingalungile. (Inketho ibikiwe). Indlu esimeme futhi esebenza kahle ngokwamandla ayibizi lutho olungaphezu kokuphikisana nayo okuvamile. Njengayo yonke imikhiqizo, kumayelana nokuthola inkampani efanelekile enikeza ulwazi olufanele ngentengo enhle. Kodwa-ke, izindleko ezingezekile nazo zinenzuzo, ngoba uma kubhekwa amanani entengo aphezulu esizayo, izakhiwo ezizinzileyo zizonciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokusebenzisa ngaphezulu komjikelezo wokusebenzisa. Okusemqoka ukuphuma ukuphuma ngokwezimali noma okungenani kube kuhle - ngonembeza omuhle nokunethezeka okukhulu kakhulu. Uma ungafuni ukukholwa lokho, ungathola imininingwane ephelele: I-Media Center for Sustainable Construction (www.nachhaltiges-bauen.jetzt) ​​inikezela ngezifundo eziningi nokubalwa kanye nokuhlaziywa kwezakhiwo ezakhiwe.

I-Factor ecology

Iqiniso lokuthi ukusimama kuyakhokha ngokwemvelo kufanele kungaphikiswa ngonyaka we-2016. Kepha nalapha futhi, ukungabaza kusakazeka kaninginingi, ngokwesibonelo mayelana nencazelo yemvelo yokufakelwa kwe-thermal, ikakhulukazi i-polystyrene. Lapha futhi, amaqiniso asevele etafuleni: Yize amasistimu wokufaka okushisa njengamapuleti e-EPS empeleni eyimikhiqizo kaphethiloli, kodwa aqukethe amaphesenti angu-98 omoya namaphesenti amabili kuphela we-polystyrene. Ukusetshenziswa kawoyela ekufakweni ngakho-ke kuyazikhulisa ngesikhathi esifushane ngokucacile, njengoba kugcwele uwoyela kaphethiloli noma okulingana nakho. Isiphetho: ukungangeni edamini kuyingozi emvelweni. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, kunezinto eziningi zokufaka zokufakelwa ongazikhetha kuzo, kufaka phakathi nezinsizakalo ezingavuselelwa.

Ama-Factor ahambisa amandla okuphepha

Imiqondo eminingi yokwakha esimeme iletha i-plus enkulu: ngokusebenzisa ama-photovoltaics, amandla elanga, amandla we-geothermal ne-Co, amandla nawo anikezwa ikusasa. Akudingeki uthembele ngokuphelele ekwanelisweni kwamandla. I-credo ethembisayo ukusebenza kahle kwamandla ngokuhambisana namandla amancane. Lokhu kungenziwa kufinyelela esakhiweni samanje se-Ideal Plus energy: indlu ekhiqiza amandla amaningi kunokusebenzisa.

Uhlelo lukazwelonke

Ngaphansi kohlaka lwe- "Uhlelo Lukazwelonke", i-Austrian Institute of Construction Engineering (OIB) ibeke izidingo ezandayo zokusebenzisa amandla amasha ekwakheni kanye nasekuvuseleleni kabusha iminyaka engu-2014 kuya kwe-2020. Isikhombisi-sikhombandlela se-OIB 6 sichaza imigomo yemithetho yezokwakha igxathu negxathu umjikelezo weminyaka emibili kuze kube ngonyaka we-2020 amanani wesakhiwo esisebenza ngamandla aphansi afinyelelwa ngakho-ke asebenza ngaphansi komthetho wokwakha. Izidingo ezisezingeni eliphansi zamandla zingafinyeleleka ngokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi eshisayo yesimvilophu sokwakha noma ngokwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo yamandla evuselelekayo.
Ukusuka ku-2020 zonke izakhiwo ezintsha kumele zibe "cishe namandla-hlangothi" (cishe izindlu zamandla zero), izakhiwo zomphakathi ngisho ne-2018. Ngokuvuselelwa okukhulu okubandakanya amaphesenti angaphezu kwama-25 emvilophini yokwakha, amazinga aphansi okushisa ayimpoqo. Ukukhombisa kangcono amandla onke ezakhiwo, kufakwa izinkomba ezengeziwe zokusebenza kwamandla ezidlula leyo efunwayo yokushisa (HWB). Endabeni yokuthengisa nokuqasha, izinkomba zokusebenza kwamandla kufanele zichazwe, nase-Austria kusukela i-2012 amanani wesitifiketi samandla.

Imiqondo yokwakha engaguquki

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunemibono eminingana yokwakha ongakhetha kuyo, konke okuletha izinzuzo eziningi, kwesinye isikhathi ezihlukile kubantu nemvelo. Unganquma ngomqondo, noma uhlanganise izinto zobuchwepheshe nemisebenzi ngokukhululeka. Ekugcineni, kodwa-ke, ulwazi lwezobuchwepheshe lochwepheshe abasebenza izinkontileka lubalwa ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwabo. Ngemuva kwakho konke, isakhiwo sanamuhla singumkhiqizo wobuchwepheshe obuphakeme namuhla.

Valence

Ukuqonda ukuqhathanisa kwemiqondo wokwakha inani elilandelayo liyasebenza: Isakhiwo esisezingeni eliphansi samandla sibonisa indinganiso ephansi yesakhiwo esizinzileyo. Lokhu kulandelwa yiPassive House neSonnenhaus, emiqondo yayo Amandla elanga ”ahlukile kakhulu. INdlu Energy House, ekhiqiza amandla amaningi kunokusebenzisa, njengamanje ibhekwa njengesixazululo esisekude kakhulu.

Imiqondo Yokwakha: Indlu Ephansi Yamandla

Indlu yamandla aphansi, ehlangabezana nezinga lokwakha lesikhathi esizayo, iboniswa imvilophu yokwakha enhle kakhulu. Iza eduze kwe-Passive House maqondana nokusebenza kahle kwamandla nomoya. Akuphoqelekile, kepha kunconyelwe ukusetshenziswa okwengeziwe kwamandla avuselelekayo njenge-photovoltaic noma amandla elanga nohlelo lokungena komoya lokungenisa amandla ngokubuyisa ukushisa.
Futhi ingxenye yomqondo ukwakheka okubumbene ukunciphisa ukulahleka kokushisa, ukuqondaniswa kwelanga kanye nokuvinjwa kwamabhuloho afudumele.
Ngokusho kwe-EU Buildings Directive, sonke isakhiwo somphakathi futhi, nge-2018, zonke izakhiwo kumele zibe "zanele amandla", ngisho nezindlu zamandla amancane noma "cishe izakhiwo zamandla", ziqala nge-2020.

Imiqondo yokwakha: Indlu engena

Izidingo zendlu yokungena nje sezivele ziphakeme kakhulu: Ukuze kufezekiswe isidingo sokushisa esingaphansi kwe-15 kWh / m².a (ngokusho kwe-PHPP), izindinganiso ezifanele zekhaya lendlu kufanele zihlangatshezelwe izakhi, ngokwesibonelo amawindi anokubaluleka kokudluliswa kokushisa okune-0,80 okungenani W / (m²K)) nokufakwa okushisayo kwe-U-inani le-0,15 W / (m²K). Ngenxa ye-airtightness ekhethekile (i-50 Pascal ngaphansi / kokuhlolwa kwengcindezi okungaphansi kwevolumu yomuzi we-0,6 ngehora), uhlelo lokulawula umoya omncane olungiselelwe ngokuvuselela ukushisa luyadingeka. Endlini yokungena, okungenani amaphesenti we-75 okushisa avela emoyeni ophelile abuyiselwa emoyeni omusha ngesithando sokushisa, lapho isimo sezulu sangaphakathi esihle ngaphandle kwesistimu yokushisa ehlukile futhi ngaphandle komoya sitholakala. Ungakhipha umoya.
Ubuchwepheshe bePassive House bukhona iminyaka engaphezu kwe-20. I-1991 kwakuyiphrojekthi yokuqala eyaqalwa eJalimane. E-Austria, indlu yokuqala yokwakha yakhiwa ngonyaka i-1996 eVorarlberg (Sonnenplatz, 2006). Kuze kube manje (nge-2010) kunezindlu ezungeze i-760 ezibhalwe phansi ezingenasisekelo e-Austria. Njengoba kungezona zonke izinto ezibhaliwe, "isibalo esimnyama" sezindlu ezikhona zokugibela siphezulu kakhulu. Isibonelo, inani lezindlu ezikhona ezifikayo lilinganiselwa ku-6.850, ngesimo esiphezulu.

Imiqondo yokwakha: Indlu yelanga

Umqondo wendlu yelanga uhluke kakhulu kowabanye. Ukusebenza kahle kwamandla akuyona into ekugxilwe kuyo lapha, kepha ukusetshenziswa kwamandla anamandla elanga mahhala. Ngokugcina ukushisa ngamathangi amanzi afakelwe insimbi, amandla elanga angasetshenziswa unyaka wonke ukuthola amanzi ashisayo nokushisa isikhala. Ebusika, indawo encane yomlilo noma izitofu ze-pellet ziyasiza. Izindlela zohlaka lendlu yelanga zilungele ukufakwa okushisa, ngaphezu kwamaphesenti we-50 ukumbozwa kwelanga kokushisa namanzi afudumele nokushisa okwengeziwe ngemithombo yamandla evuselelekayo enjengezinkuni.
Leli gama lakhiwa iSonnenhaus Institute eStraubing (D). I-1989 yakhiwa e-Oberburg, eSwitzerland, ikhaya lokuqala elisebenza ngokugcwele elanga e-Europe.

Imiqondo Yokwakha: INdlu Yamandla KaHlanganisa

Umqondo wendlu ye-PlusEnergy empeleni uhambelana nalowo we-Passive House. Ukusetshenziswa okwandayo kwamandla avuselelekayo njenge-photovoltaic, solar thermal or energy geothermal, kepha-ke, ukulingana okuphelele kwamandla kufinyelelwa, okuveza amandla ngokweqile. Amandla adingekayo ekufudumaleni namanzi atshisayo atholakala ngaphakathi noma endlini uqobo.
Uma ibhalansi ilinganiselwe umuntu ukhuluma ngendlu ye-zero energy. Izakhiwo ezingadingi mandla angaphandle zithathwa njengamandla ngokwanele.

Photo / Video: Ugogo.