Umlando wamalungelo abantu nokunganakwa kwezifundazwe ezahlukahlukene

Bafundi abathandekayo,

Umbhalo olandelayo ukhuluma ngamalungelo abantu. Okokuqala ngemvelaphi yabo nomlando wabo, bese kubalwa izindatshana ezingama-30 futhi ekugcineni kwethulwa izibonelo zokwephulwa kwamalungelo abantu.

U-Eleanor Roosevelt, owayengusihlalo weKhomishini Yezizwe Ezihlangene Yamalungelo Abantu, wamemezela "Isimemezelo Somhlaba Wonke Samalungelo Abantu" ngoDisemba 10.12.1948, 200. Lokhu kusebenza kubo bonke abantu emhlabeni ukuze bakwazi ukuphila impilo ngaphandle kokwesaba nokwesaba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kube ngumqondo ovamile wabantu nezizwe okumele uzuzwe. Inhloso bekuwukwenza isimemezelo esisemthethweni esimele ubuncane benani lomuntu. Lawa ngamalungelo okuqala okusebenza kubo bonke abantu emhlabeni futhi ahunyushelwe ezilimini ezingaphezu kwama-1966 selokhu yashicilelwa. Ngakho-ke ingumbhalo ohunyushwe kakhulu emhlabeni. Izizwe zathembisa ukuwahlonipha amalungelo, kodwa yayingekho indlela yokulawula, ngoba asikho isivumelwano esasisayiniwe. Njengoba la malungelo elungile kuphela, asekhona amazwe namuhla angawahloniphi amalungelo abantu. Izinkinga ezejwayelekile zifaka phakathi ubuhlanga, ubulili, ukuhlukunyezwa kanye nesigwebo sentambo. Kusukela ngo-2002, amazwe amaningi anqume ukusayina amalungelo ezenhlalo kanye nenkululeko yomphakathi ngesivumelwano. Ngo-XNUMX kwavulwa inkantolo yamacala omhlaba e-The Hague.

Lapho ebuzwa ukuthi aqala kuphi amalungelo abantu, uRoosevelt uphendule kanje: "Ezigcawini ezincane eziseduze nekhaya lakho. Isondele futhi incane kakhulu ukuthi lezi zindawo azikwazi ukutholakala kunoma iyiphi imephu emhlabeni. Futhi-ke lezi zindawo umhlaba womuntu ngamunye: indawo ahlala kuyo, isikole noma inyuvesi afunda kuyo, ifektri, ipulazi noma ihhovisi asebenza kulo. Lezi yizindawo lapho wonke umuntu wesilisa, owesifazane nengane efuna amalungelo alinganayo, amathuba alinganayo nesithunzi esilinganayo ngaphandle kokubandlululwa. Uma nje la malungelo engasebenzi lapho, awabaluleki kwenye indawo. Uma izakhamizi ezithintekayo zingathathi izinyathelo ngokwazo ukuvikela la malungelo ezindaweni ezizimele, sizobheka ize inqubekela phambili emhlabeni obanzi. "

Kunezindatshana ezingama-30 kuSimemezelo Somhlaba Wonke Samalungelo Abantu.

Isigaba 1: Bonke abantu bazalwa bekhululekile futhi belingana ngesithunzi nangamalungelo

Isigaba 2: Akekho umuntu ongabandlululwa

Isigaba 3: Wonke umuntu unelungelo lokuphila

Isigaba 4: Akukho Ubugqila

Isigaba 5: Akekho umuntu ongahlukunyezwa

Isigaba 6: Wonke umuntu waziwa njengomuntu osemthethweni yonke indawo

Isigaba 7: Bonke abantu bayalingana phambi komthetho

Isigaba 8: Ilungelo lokuvikelwa ngokomthetho

Isigaba 9: Akekho umuntu ongaboshwa ngokungafanele

Isigaba 10: Wonke umuntu unelungelo lokuthola inhlawulo, icala elilinganayo

Isigaba 11: Wonke umuntu umsulwa ngaphandle uma kufakazelwa ngenye indlela

Isigaba 12: Wonke umuntu unelungelo lokuphila impilo yangasese

Isigaba 13: Wonke umuntu angahamba ngokukhululeka

Isigaba 14: Ilungelo Lokukhoseliswa

Isigaba 15: Wonke umuntu unelungelo lobuzwe

Isigaba 16: Ilungelo lokushada nokuba nomndeni

Isigaba 17: Wonke umuntu unelungelo lokuthola impahla 

Isigaba 18: Ilungelo lenkululeko yokucabanga, unembeza nenkolo

Isigaba 19: Ilungelo lenkululeko yokukhuluma

Isigaba 20: Ilungelo lokuhlangana ngokuthula 

Isigaba 21: Ilungelo lentando yeningi nokhetho olukhululekile

Isigaba 22: Ilungelo lokuvikeleka komphakathi

Isigaba 23: Ilungelo lokusebenza nokuvikelwa kwabasebenzi 

Isigaba 24: Ilungelo lokuphumula nokungcebeleka

Isigaba 25: Ilungelo lokuthola ukudla, indawo yokuhlala nokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha 

Isigaba 26: Wonke umuntu unelungelo lokufunda

Isigaba 27: Isiko Namalungelo Okushicilela 

Isigaba 28: Ukuhleleka nje kwezenhlalo nakwamanye amazwe

Isigaba 29: Sonke sinesibopho kwabanye

Isigaba 30: Akekho umuntu ongaphuca amalungelo akho abantu

Zimbalwa izibonelo eziningi zokwephulwa kwamalungelo abantu:

Isigwebo sentambo sisasetshenziswa emazweni angama-61 emhlabeni jikelele. E-China, kubulawa abantu abayizinkulungwane eziningana minyaka yonke. I-Iran, iSaudi Arabia, iPakistan kanye ne-USA ziyalandela.

Imikhosi yezokuphepha yoMbuso ivame ukunikwa umsebenzi wokusebenzisa izindlela zokuhlukumeza noma ukuzenza. Ukuhlukumeza kusho ukwenza okuphambene nentando yesisulu.

E-Iran, ngemuva kokhetho lukamongameli, kwaba nemibhikisho emikhulu izikhathi eziningana amasonto lapho izakhamizi zazifuna khona ukhetho olusha. Ngesikhathi semibhikisho, abantu abaningi babulawa noma baboshwa ngamabutho ezokuphepha ngamacala abhekene nokuvikeleka kwezwe, ukwakha itulo elibusayo nodlame.

E-China liyanda inani lokushushiswa kwezintatheli, abameli nabalwela amalungelo abantu. Laba bagadiwe futhi bayaboshwa.

INorth Korea ishushisa futhi ihlukumeze abagxeki bohlelo. Laba kabondlekile emakamu okufundela futhi baphoqeleka ukuthi basebenze kanzima, okuholele ekufeni kwabantu abaningi.

Amalungelo emibono namalungelo omphakathi kwesinye isikhathi awahlonishwa eTurkey. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abesifazane abangama-39% bayizisulu zokuhlukunyezwa ngokomzimba okungenani kanye empilweni yabo. Kulaba, u-15% wahlukunyezwa ngokocansi. Izinkolo ezincanyana nazo azifakwanga ngokwengxenye emalungelweni abantu.

Imithombo: (Usuku lokufinyelela: Okthoba 20.10.2020, XNUMX)

https://www.planetwissen.de/geschichte/menschenrechte/geschichte_der_menschenrechte/pwiedieallgemeineerklaerungdermenschenrechte100.html

https://www.menschenrechte.jugendnetz.de/menschenrechte/artikel-1-30/artikel-1/

https://www.lpb-bw.de/verletzungen

Photo / Video: Ugogo.