Elisabeth Oberzaucher
Kungani sifuna ukudakwa? Ngokombono wokuvela kokuziphendukela kwemvelo, akunangqondo ngempela ukudala isimo lapho unokulawulwa okulinganiselwe kwezinzwa zakho futhi uvulekele ngokuphelele ukuhlaselwa. Ekudakweni, asivinjelwe, sehlulekile ukulawula, senza izinto esizisolayo ngazo, ngokubuyela emuva. Noma kunjalo, ukudakwa esikufunayo, kungaba ngotshwala nezidakamizwa, ijubane kanye nokushintshana kwengozi.
Yini engahambanga kahle? Kungenzeka kanjani ukuthi iphutha elinjalo lavela ekuziphendukeleni kwemvelo?
Impendulo itholakala kuhlobo lwenqubo ezilandela inqubo yokuvela kokuziphendukela kwemvelo: ayinto ngaphandle kwenqubo enenhloso, ecatshangelwe kahle. Esikhundleni salokho, ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kubonakaliswa izenzakalo ezingahleliwe, i-patchwork kanye nokwenza okuhle kabusha. Lokho esinakho njengemikhiqizo yesikhashana yale nqubo ngesimo sezinto eziphilayo ezikhona ngakho-ke akukho lutho kodwa okuphelele. Siqoqo lezakhiwo ezibe zilusizo (kodwa ezingadingekile namanje) emlandweni wethu wokuziphendukela kwemvelo, izici ezazingakaze ziwusizo ikakhulukazi kepha zingalimazi ngokwanele ukubangela ukuqothuka kwethu, futhi asikwazi ukuqeda noma yiziphi izakhi ngoba zigxile kakhulu esisekelweni sethu, noma zingadala izinkinga ezinkulu.
Isikhathi eside, ukutholwa ngamabomu kokudakwa kwakubhekwa njengokuziphatha okujulile komuntu. Noma ngabe sidakwe yizinto ezidakayo noma ngemisebenzi ethile, ngaso sonke isikhathi kusetshenziswa okunye izindlela zokwakha zomzimba ezenza umsebenzi obalulekile emzimbeni.
Izidakamizwa e-Austria
Isipiliyoni sabathengi ngezidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni (ukwanda kwempilo yonkana) sitholakala kakhulu e-Austria ngamanani we-cannabis asukela cishe kwi-30 kuya kumaphesenti we-40 kubantu abadala abancane, ngokusho kombiko wezidakamizwa i-2016. Iningi lezifundo ezimele zibuye ziveze okuhlangenwe nakho kwabathengi kusuka cishe kumaphesenti we-2 ukuya kumaphesenti we-4 we- "ecstasy", i-cocaine ne-amphetamine, nokusuka cishe kwe-1 kuya kumaphesenti ama-2 we-opioids.
Imiphumela yokutadisha ayikhombisi izinguquko ezibalulekile ekuziphatheni kwabathengi, kubantu bonke nakwabasesezingeni lokungena ebusheni. Ukudonswa kwama-stimulants (ikakhulukazi i-cocaine) kuhlala kuzinzile ezingeni eliphansi. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezintsha ze-psychoactive neze kudlala indima. Eminyakeni yamuva, noma kunjalo, ukusakazwa kwe-spectrum yezinto kwatholakala ekunambekelweni nasekusetshenzisweni kokuhlolwa.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-opioid kumelela ingxenye enkulu yokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezisengozini enkulu. Okwamanje, abantu be-29.000 kanye ne-33.000 basebenzisa izidakamizwa ezibandakanya ama-opioid. Yonke imininingwane etholakalayo iphakamisa ukwehla okuqinile kokusetshenziswa okuyingozi okukhulu kwe-opioid eqenjini lobudala le-15 ukuya eminyakeni ye-24, ngakho-ke kukhona abambalwa abasanda kufika. Ukuthi lokhu kusho ukwehla kokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa okungekho emthethweni ngokuphelele noma ukusukela kwezinye izinto akucaci.
Ukuzivocavoca komzimba okugxila
Umzimba wethu ukhiqiza ama-opiates njengama-painkillers enziwe ekhaya. Yize izinhlungu zigcwalisa umsebenzi obalulekile wokulungiswa kokulingana okusebenzayo, ngoba ukhomba izinto eziphambuka kulokho okuhle. Umsebenzi wokuxhumana kobuhlungu ukuthi baqondisa ukunaka kwethu ezindabeni okumele umzimba wethu ubhekane nazo. Ngokushesha lapho siphendula isenzo esihambelanayo, umsebenzi uyagcwaliseka futhi nobuhlungu abusadingeki. Ama-Opiates asatshalaliswa ukuze ayeke.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi izindlela zokwenziwa komzimba nokusebenza kwama-opiate noma ama-endorphin ngokwawo kuchazwe ngokwesayensi kuphela amashumi eminyaka ngemuva kokufakwa kwama-opiates njengezidakamizwa ze-analgesic. Umphumela wayo awugcini ekudambiseni izinhlungu, kepha futhi udlulela ekucindezeleni indlala, kanye nokukhulula ama-hormone ocansi. Ngenxa yalokhu kuthonya okuningana kokulinganisa ngokomzimba, uma kunesidingo, ukugxila kwento ephilayo kungaphambukiswa kusuka kwimisebenzi eyisisekelo yezinto eziphilayo, njengokudla kokudla, ukuze kufinyelelwe ukusebenza okuthe xaxa kwezinye izindawo. Lokhu kubalulekile ukuze kuhlanganiswe njengengxenye yokuphendula kwengcindezi.
Ubungozi njengengxenye yokulutha
Ubuso nobuso nokufa lapho bagxuma nge-bungee, bephula amarekhodi e-skis, beqala umjaho ngezimoto ezisindayo ngesithuthuthu - konke lokhu okuyizinto ezinobungozi obukhulu. Yini esenza sibambe izingozi ezinjalo? Kungani singenakukwazi ukumelana nenjabulo?
UMarvin Zuckerman uchaze isici sobuntu "ukufuna umuzwa", okuwukuthi, ukusesha okuhlangenwe nakho okuhlukahlukene nokwenziwe okusha ukuzwa kanokusho okusha. Sifinyelela lokhu kukhuthaza ngokusebenzisa izinto ezi-adventure kanye nezinobungozi, kepha futhi nangendlela yokuphila engajwayelekile, ngokuxosha umphakathi, noma ngokugwema isithukuthezi. Akubona bonke abantu ababonisa izinga eliqhathanisekayo "lokufuna imizwa".
Yiziphi izisekelo zama-Horin walezi zindlela zokuziphatha? Ezimweni eziyingozi, kunokukhishwa okwengeziwe kwe-adrenaline. Le rush ye-adrenaline iholela ekuqwashisweni okwandayo, sijabule, inhliziyo ishaya ngokushesha, izinga lokuphefumula liyashesha. Umzimba ulungiselela ukulwa noma ukubaleka.
Okufanayo nama-opiates, eminye imizwa efana nendlala nobuhlungu iyacindezelwa. Lo msebenzi onenjongo kakhulu ngesikhathi somlando wethu wokuziphendukela kwemvelo - ukuvumela umzimba ukuthi ugxile ngokuphelele enkingeni ekhona, ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa yizidingo ezisekela impilo - ingaba yisisekelo sokuziphatha okuluthayo: umphumela ovuthayo we-adrenaline yilokho abafuna ingozi bayimilutha, futhi yini ebashukumisela ukuba bathathe izingozi ezingenangqondo.
Uma izinga le-adrenaline lehla, izinqubo zomzimba ezicindezelwe ziphola kancane. Ubuhlungu, indlala neminye imizwa engemnandi esisikhumbuza ukuthi sinakekele izidingo zomzimba wethu. Izimpawu zokuhoxisa ezingakuzwa kahle.
Kusuka kumvuzo kuya kumlutha
Ukuhlolwa ngamagundane, nokho, kukhombisa ukuthi nalokhu kunobuthakathaka obubonakalisiwe bezinto ezi-euphoric. Amagundane angakhuthaza ngqo isikhungo semivuzo ebuchosheni bawo ngokwenza kusebenze i-lever, ivuse ukukhishwa kwama-opiates womzimba uqobo, abonise ukuziphatha kwangempela okuluthayo. Basebenzisa lever kaninginingi, noma ngabe lokho kusho ukuthi kufanele banqume ukudla nezinye izinto ezibalulekile.
Izifundo ezengeziwe zibheke ukuthi ukuxhomekeka kukhula kanjani kumagundane uma kunikezwa ithuba lokuzithiba izidakamizwa. Amagundane athuthukisa ukuthembela ku-heroin, cocaine, amphetamine, i-nicotine, utshwala ne-THC ngaphansi kwale mibandela. Lapho amagundane eye athuthukisa i-heroin noma umlutha we-cocaine, umlutha wawo uya ngokude kangangokuba awakwazi ukumelana nento noma lapho i-cocaine ihlanganiswa nokuqhuma kukagesi njengesijeziso.
"Okwakha" imivuzo
Ukukhetha izinto ezandisa inhlalonhle yethu akunankinga futhi uqobo. Ngokuphambene nalokho, imvelaphi ingumphumela omuhle enyakazweni. Noma kunjalo, izindlela ezinjalo zebhayiloji azilona ukwakhiwa okuphelele.
Ngokusebenzisa amasiko amasha siyakwazi ukulandela lezi zinketho cishe unomphela, okusiholela ekuthini singanaki ezinye izidingo zemvelo. Amasu wokuvuza womzimba, omsebenzi wawo wokuqala ukuvuza izimilo ezisekela impilo, ungaholela kokuphambene uma sikwazi ukuwavuselela ngqo. Lokhu kwenzeka ngokunikezwa okufakwayo kwezinto eziluthayo, noma ukukhuthaza izifunda zobuchopho ezihambisanayo.
I-Intoxication: i-biology noma isiko?
Ukuba sethubeni lokulutha, ukusesha kwethu ukudakwa, kunezisekelo zemvelo, futhi akukhona neze ukusungulwa kwesiko. Ikhono lokuphendula kulokhu kuthambekela, noma kunjalo: noma ngabe kungukutholakala kwezinto ezivuselelayo, noma kungenzeka ukuthambekela kokuziphatha, lezi yizinto ezintsha esizisizayo ukwandisa injabulo yethu, ngenkathi zandisa izindleko zethu zezempilo nezinye izici zobukhona bethu.
Intoxication embusweni wezilwane
Ezinye izilwane ezincelisayo zingenza kahle ngaphandle kosizo lwethu: Izindlovu zivame ukubonwa zidla izithelo ezivuthiwe. Kodwa-ke, ukuqonda kwabo kwemizwa kanye nokuxhumana kwabo kwe-locomotion akubonakali sengathi banenkinga yotshwala. Kunjalo nangezinhlobo eziningi zezihlahla zezithelo: Kubonakala sengathi zithuthukise ukubekezelela notshwala ukuze zikwazi ukudla izithelo nemifino ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa amandla okundiza. Abahlabeleli bomhlaba ekubekezeleleni utshwala babukeka njengabakwaSpitzhörnchen, okuvame ukuthi kuthiwe bayadakwa njalo ngosuku lwesithathu ngamazinga abantu, kodwa akubonakali sengathi banenkinga yamakhono abo wemoto.
Izinkawu zikaRhesus nezinye izingane, ngakolunye uhlangothi, zikhombisa izinkinga ezifanayo zokuziphatha njengathi, futhi sibhekwa kaninginingi siphuza utshwala. Lokhu okubhekwe emkhakheni akusishiyi siphetho sokuthola izifutho zokuthi lezi zilwane zizobangela ngamabomu lezi zimo, noma ukuthi okuqukethwe ukudla okunamandla amakhulu kumane kububekezelele yini utshwala. Izinkawu eziluhlaza ziye zasungula indawo yotshwala, njengoba kutholakala amasimu amaningi omoba ezindaweni zazo zokuhlala. Bancamela ukuhlanganiswa kotshwala namanzi kashukela kumanzi ahlanzekile kashukela. Ngakho-ke lapha kubonakala sengathi kuyimbangela yamabomu yesimo sokudakwa.
Amandla okusebenzisa utshwala ngokunenjongo - okungukuthi, njengomthombo wamandla - kumetabolism kubonakala sengathi avela kaningana ekuziphendukeleni kwemvelo. Ihlobene kakhulu nendlela yokuphila: abahlali besihlahla, abangadla izithelo ezivuthiwe nezingavuthiwe, akudingeki babhekane notshwala, abahlali bomhlabathi omthombo wabo wokudla oyizithelo eziwile, nokho, usuvele usuvele. Ngokungathembeli ushukela kuphela njengomthombo wamandla, ukhulisa amandla akho okudla, ngaleyo ndlela ukhulisa amathuba okusinda. Iqiniso lokuthi imiphumela emibi engafuneki yenzeka ngenxa yokugxila kakhulu kotshwala ngokweqile ayivelakancane ngaphandle njengoba ukutholakala kotshwala kunqunyelwe. Emkhakheni, izinzuzo zokuphuza utshwala ziveza ngokucacile okubi okukhona. Kuphela kokutholakala okungenamkhawulo kotshwala ngokusebenzisa izinto zamasiko lapho lokhu kusungulwa okuqala kwaba yinkinga kungaba yinkinga.
Photo / Video: Ugogo.
