URobert B. Fishman
"Umthetho wezeMpilo yeZilwanyana" (AHL) usebenze e-EU ukusukela ukuphela kuka-Epreli 2021. Kulo Mgaqo ka-2016/429, i-EU ishwankathele imigaqo emininzi kwimpilo yezilwanyana kwaye yaqinisa amalungiselelo athile kuthintelo lwezifo. Inzondelelo yemibutho yolondolozo lwendalo kunye nendalo ilinganiselwe.
"Umthetho wempilo yezilwanyana (AHL) usebenza kuphela ekwenzeni urhwebo olungathethekiyo kwimfuyo nakwizilwanyana zasekhaya, kwizirhubuluzi nakwizilwanyana zasemanzini," ukhalaza watsho usosayensi wezolimo uEdmund Haferbeck. Ukhokele umbutho wentlalontle yezilwanyana I-PeTA iSebe lezoMthetho neNzululwazi. Nangona kunjalo, njengabanye ababenamalungelo ezilwanyana, unethemba lokuthintelwa ngakumbi kurhwebo lwezilwanyana eziphilayo, ngakumbi iinjana. Eyona ibhetele ntle yezilwanyana.
Abafuyi kunye nabathengisi banikezela ngenjana ezincinci kwi-eBay nakwiiwebhusayithi zazo. Uninzi lwezi zilwanyana luyagula okanye luneengxaki zokuziphatha. Izinja eziziswe kweli ngokungekho mthethweni zisuka 'kwimizi-mveliso yeenja', ubukhulu becala eMpuma Yurophu, zithengiswa apha kubantu abanomdla wamehlo aluhlaza 'njengeengxoxo', utshilo uMbutho Wentlalo-ntle Yezilwanyana waseJamani. I-DTB. Nangona kunjalo, izilwanyana zihlala zigula, izitofu eziyimfuneko zilahlekile kwaye iinjana azihlali ngenxa yokuzahlula kwasekuqaleni kunina.
I-DTB inethemba lokuphuculwa ngokwamaNqaku 108 kunye no-109 woMthetho weMpilo yeZilwanyana. Bavumela iKhomishini ye-EU ukuba ibeke imigaqo yobhaliso kunye nokuchongwa kwezilwanyana zasekhaya.
Isebe lase-Austrian lombutho wentlalontle yezilwanyana "4paw"Iyayincoma le ndlela, kodwa ifuna" ukuchongwa kwe-EU ngokubanzi kunye nokubhaliswa kwezilwanyana kwiziko ledatha elidibeneyo ". Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku kukho irejista enye kuphela yesinyanzeliso e-Ireland. Abanini bezilwanyana kulo lonke elaseYurophu sele benakho ukukhangela ikati okanye inja yabo elahlekileyo ngokufaka inombolo yesazisi yezilwanyana zabo europetnet.com. Ukwenza oku, isilwanyana sidinga i-microchip ehambelana nayo encinci njengokhozo lwerayisi.
I-PeTA ibeka ingeniso kunye nezilwanyana zaseJamani kuphela kwiibhiliyoni ezintlanu zeerandi ngonyaka. Apho "kuthengiswa izilwanyana kwaye zigcinwe kakuhle", umsebenzi we-PeTA u-Edmund Haferbeck uhlala ebona umngcipheko wokuba abantu bosulelwe zizifo ezosulelayo. Ukhankanya urhwebo kwizirhubuluzi eziphilayo njengomzekelo. Usulelo lwesithathu lweSalmonella kubantwana abancinci lunokulandelwa emva ekuphatheni izilwanyana ezingaqhelekanga, uPeTA ucaphula uphando olwenziwe yiRobert Koch Institute (RKI). Kwaye: "Ukuya kuthi ga kwiipesenti ezingama-70 zezilwanyana ezibuthathaka zifa ngenxa yoxinzelelo, ukungoneli kwezinto okanye ukonzakala okunxulumene nezothutho ngaphambi kokuba zibekwe kwimarike."
Kwaye kudala wazicingela: eneneni, izilwanyana zidlulisela izifo ezininzi ezosulelayo ebantwini. Owona mzekelo wakutshanje wee-zoonoses zezi, ukongeza kwi-HIV (i-AIDS pathogens) kunye ne-Ebola, iintsholongwane ze-Sars-COV2, ezibangela iCovid-19 (Corona).
Ukubuya kwezifo ezingubhubhane
Ngesi sizathu sodwa, uMthetho weMpilo yeZilwanyana ugxile kulawulo lwezifo. Ngelixa imigaqo emitsha yezilwanyana ezifuywayo ingazukusebenza kude kube ngu-2026, umgaqo we-EU sele uqinisa izibonelelo "zezilwanyana zasefama" kwezolimo. Oogqirha bezilwanyana kufuneka bajonge iifama rhoqo kwaye ngokungqongqo ngakumbi kunangaphambili.
Uluhlu lwezifo ezaziwayo ngoku luquka neentsholongwane ezinganyangekiyo, nalapho uninzi lwee-antibiotics zingasasebenzi. Kwi-2018, uMbutho weNtsebenziswano yezoQoqosho noPhuhliso (i-OECD) ulumkise ngeziphumo zokusasazeka okungaphazamisekiyo kweentsholongwane ezinganyangekiyo: Akukho zithintelo. Uninzi lwezi ntsholongwane luvela kwiifama zomzi-mveliso apho iihagu, iinkomo, iinkukhu okanye iiturkey zigcwele ndawonye. Rhoqo kunikwa isitokhwe esipheleleyo seyeza lokubulala iintsholongwane ukuba kukho isilwanyana esinye esigulayo. Amachiza afikelela ebantwini ngogutyulo lwenyama kunye nenyama.
Ngaphandle Umthetho wempilo yezilwanyana Ukuhanjiswa kwezilwanyana kuyaqhubeka.
Kubusika ophelileyo, iinqanawa ezimbini zaseSpain ezazineenkomo ezingaphezu kwama-2.500 XNUMX zazibhadula phesheya kweMeditera iiveki. Akukho zibuko lalifuna iinqanawa zingene. Iingcali zikrokrela ukuba izilwanyana zinesifo solwimi oluhlaza. Imibutho yezendalo esingqongileyo efana noMbutho Wentlalo-ntle Yezilwanyana waseJamani uxwebhu loku nezinye izilwanyana ezithunyelwa kumazwe aphesheya kumgama omde kwiiwebhusayithi zazo. Amatshantliziyo avela kwiZiko lezeNtlalontle yezilwanyana (iSiseko seNtlalontle yezilwanyana) eFreiburg, kumazantsi eJamani, buqu buhamba kunye nokuhanjiswa kwezilwanyana ukuze babhale ubunzima beenkomo, iigusha kunye nezinye "izilwanyana zasefama" kwiinqanawa neelori. Iingxelo zonakalisa umdla wokutya kwanabantu abadla inyama.
Umzekelo: Ngomhla wamashumi amabini anesihlanu kwinyanga yoKwindla ngo-25. Kwinyanga ezintathu zokuhlukumeza kukho malunga ne-2021 yeenkomo ezisencinci ezazikhwele kwinqanawa yothutho lwezilwanyana iElbeik. Phantse izilwanyana ezingama-1.800 khange zisinde kuthutho. Kuba iinkunzi zeenkomo ezisindileyo eziyi-200 azisakwazi ukuhanjiswa ngokwengxelo yoviwo lwezilwanyana, kufuneka babulawe bonke. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, oogqirha bezilwanyana baseSpain bezizama ukwahlula iinkunzi ezincinci ezisaphilayo. Izilwanyana ezingama-1.600 ngosuku. Ukothula umthwalo ukuze abulawe emva koko alahlwe kwizikhongozeli ezinjenkunkuma.
Iiyure ezingama-29 ngqo kwilori
Ummiselo woThutho lwezilwanyana lwaseYurophu usebenze ukusukela ngo-2007 kwaye yayijolise ekuthinteleni olo gonyamelo. Ukuhanjiswa kwezilwanyana kumazwe angaphandle kwe-EU akuvumelekanga xa iqondo lobushushu lingaphezulu kweedigri ezingama-30 emthunzini. Izilwanyana ezincinci zingahanjiswa ukuya kuthi ga kwiiyure ezili-18, iihagu kunye namahashe ukuya kuthi ga kwi-24 kunye neenkomo ukuya kuthi ga kwiiyure ezingama-29, ngaphandle kokuba ziyakuthulwa kwikhefu lokuphumla leeyure ezingama-24. Ngaphakathi kwi-European Union (i-EU), oogqirha bezilwanyana abasemthethweni kufuneka bajonge ukufaneleka kwezilwanyana ukuthuthwa.
"Iinkampani ezininzi zothutho azihambelani nemigaqo," unika ingxelo uFrigga Wirths. Ugqirha wezilwanyana kunye nososayensi wezolimo bajongana nesihloko soMbutho Wentlalo-ntle Yezilwanyana waseJamani. Itsheki kumda waseBulgaria-waseTurkey ibonise ukuba phakathi kwehlobo lowe-2017 kunye nehlobo lowama-2018, ukuthuthwa kwezilwanyana ezingama-210 kwezingama-184 kwenzeka kumaqondo obushushu angaphaya kwama-30.
Ummiselo we-EU ngo-2005 yayikukulalanisa. Ibeka kuphela imigaqo amazwe e-EU anokuvumelana ngayo. Ukusukela ngoko, ukuqiniswa kuye kwaxoxwa kaninzi. Ikomiti yophando kwiKhomishini yaseYurophu ngoku ijongene nayo, kodwa khange ihambe kangangeminyaka eli-15.
Amathole angafunwa mntu
Iingxaki zilele nzulu: I-EU yenye yezabavelisi bobisi abakhulu emhlabeni. Ukuze iinkomo zanamhlanje ezikwizinga eliphezulu zikwazi ukunika ubisi oluninzi kangangoko, kufuneka zizale ithole phantse minyaka le. Kuphela malunga nesithathu seenkomo ezizalwe eYurophu zihlala ziphila ukuze kamva zithathe indawo yoomama kwindawo yokusenga. Uninzi lwezinye zixheliwe okanye zithunyelwa kwelinye ilizwe. Ngenxa yokuba iYurophu ivelisa inyama eninzi, amaxabiso ayehla. NgokweSiseko seNtlalontle yezilwanyana, ithole lizisa phakathi kwe-euro ezisibhozo ukuya kwezili-150, kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwayo, isini kunye nelizwe. Ulahla izilwanyana kumazwe akude.
Ngokwe-EU yezothutho yezilwanyana, amathole amancinci angahanjiswa iiyure ezisibhozo ngexesha kangangeentsuku ezilishumi, nangona besafuna ubisi loonina ngesondlo sabo. Ewe awuyi kubafumana endleleni.
Ukuthunyelwa kwi-Asia eseMbindini
Ukuhanjiswa kwezilwanyana kuya eMantla eAfrika, kuMbindi Mpuma ukuya kuthi ga kumbindi weAsia. Iilori ziqhuba iinkomo zigqitha eRashiya ziye eKazakhstan okanye eUzbekistan. Ngokomthetho waseYurophu, abathumeli bezithuthi kuya kufuneka bethule umthwalo kwaye bahoye izilwanyana ezisendleleni. Kodwa izitishi ezilungiselelwe oku zihlala zibakho ephepheni. Igosa lentlalontle yezilwanyana laseHassian uMadeleine Martin watyelela izityholo zokothula kunye nokuhambisa amanqaku eRashiya ngehlobo lowe-2019. Amaphepha ezothutho abonisa elinye kwilali yaseMedyn. "Kwakukho isakhiwo seofisi apho," uxela uMartin kwi-Deutschlandfunk. "Ngokuqinisekileyo isilwanyana khange khe sehliswe apho." Wayenamava afanayo nakwezinye izikhululo zonikezelo. Ngokwengxelo ye-Deutschlandfunk, iqela laseJamani elisebenza ngurhulumente, ebelifanele ukukhathalela ukuthuthwa kwezilwanyana, "alizange lidibane ukusukela ngo-2009". Ingxelo kaMadelaine Martin malunga nemeko yaseRussia "ukuza kuthi ga ngoku ayihoywanga".
Kwi-EU, nazo, izilwanyana azenzi bhetele kakhulu kwezothutho. "Iilori ezigcwele izilwanyana eziphilayo zimi iintsuku kwimida nakumachweba okuloba," utshilo uFrigga Wirths ovela kuMbutho weNtlalontle yezilwanyana. Abathumeli bezithuthi abaninzi basebenzise amaxabiso aphantsi, abaqhubi beMpuma Yurophu kwaye bapakisha iilori zabo ngokupheleleyo. Ukunciphisa ubunzima bomthwalo, bathatha amanzi amancinci kakhulu kunye nokutya kunye nabo. Akukho zilawuli.
Ngaphandle koMthetho weMpilo yeZilwanyana: iiyure ezingama-90 ukuya eMorocco
Ekuqaleni kuka-Meyi, amajelo eendaba aliqela axela malunga nokuthuthwa kwezilwanyana ngaphezulu kweekhilomitha ezingama-3.000 ukusuka eJamani ukuya eMorocco. Uhambo lwadlula ngaphezulu kweeyure ezingama-90. Isizathu sokuthuthwa kwakusithiwa ezi nkunzi zazifuneka apho ukuseta isikhululo sokuzalela.
Umbutho weNtlalontle yezilwanyana awukholelwa ukuba iMorocco ifuna ukuseka ishishini lobisi. Igosa lezentlalo-ntle likaHesse uMadeleine Martin ukwabuza ukuba kutheni abantu bengathumeli inyama okanye isidoda senkunzi endaweni yezilwanyana eziphilayo. Impendulo yakho: "Ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwenziwa ngenxa yokuba ezolimo kufuneka zisuse izilwanyana, kuba besinomgaqo-nkqubo wezolimo wentengiso kwihlabathi-sikhokelwa zizopolitiko - iminyaka emininzi, emininzi." Ugqirha wezilwanyana uFrigga Wirths uyavuma. Ukongeza, kubiza ixabiso eliphantsi ukuhambisa izilwanyana eziphilayo eMntla Afrika okanye kuMbindi weAsia kunokuhambisa inyama efriziwe kumgama omde.
UMphathiswa ucela ukuvalwa komsebenzi
Umphathiswa Wezolimo e-Lower Saxony uBarbara Otte-Kinast uzame le ntwasahlobo ukuthintela ukuhanjiswa kweenkomo ezimithiyo ezingama-270 ukuya eMorocco. Isizathu sabo: Imigangatho yenhlalakahle yezilwanyana yaseJamani ayinakuthotyelwa kubushushu boMntla Afrika kunye neemeko zobuchwephesha apho. Kodwa iNkundla yezoLawulo yase-Oldenburg yasisusa isivumelwano. Umphathiswa "uyazisola" ngesi sigqibo kwaye, njenge-Tierschutzbund kunye neNtlalontle yezilwanyana, ufuna "ukuvinjelwa kwilizwe lonke ukuthuthwa kwezilwanyana ziye kwilizwe lesithathu ekungaqinisekiswanga ukuthotyelwa kwazo - ngokukhawuleza kuya kuba ngcono!"
Ngapha koko, uluvo lwezomthetho egameni lombuso waseNyakatho yeRhine-Westphalia luza kwisigqibo sokuba indlu yowiso-mthetho yaseJamani inokuthintela ukuhanjiswa kwezilwanyana ziye kumazwe angaphandle kwe-EU ukuba imigangatho yomThetho weNtlalontle yezilwanyana waseJamani ayilandelwa apho.
Isisombululo: uluntu lwe-vegan
Ngenxa yengxaki yemozulu egqubayo, ayingombutho weNtlalontle yezilwanyana kuphela obona isisombululo esilula: “Siza kuba luluntu olungenantanga.” Ngapha koko, malunga nesihlanu ukuya kwikota yokukhutshwa kwegesi ekrwada ehlabathini kuvela kwezolimo. , kwaye icandelo elikhulu kakhulu loku livela kwimfuyo. Amafama atyala ukutya kwezilwanyana ngaphezulu kweepesenti ezingama-70 zomhlaba wezolimo.
Photo / Ividiyo: Shutterstock.
