Upfumi pasina kukura

"Kana munhu wese achifamba asina kupfeka uye nehunhu, kukura hakuzove kuri madikanwa," majee Christoph Schneider, mukuru weEconomic Policy department reWKO. Chii chiri pamberi peichi chirevo: Zvinodikanwa zvevanhu hazviregi uye zvinoramba zvichikura. Kwete chete kukurudzira kwezvinhu zvakawandisa uye mabasa uye masevhisi, asiwo kushuvira zvinhu zvitsva zviri kutyaira kukura. Wedzera kune izvi chisarudzo chesarudzo muhupenyu. "Kunyangwe isu tese tinongodya schnitzel pawairesi, isu tichiri kuda mabhiza emachira akaputirwa mu bacon pane menyu," anodaro Schneider.
Chero bedzi paine zvinodiwa zvehupfumi zvichikura, nekureba zvakadaro kukura kuri madikanwa. Mienzaniso inosanganisira yakakwira mibairo, yakasimba mamwe mafoni uye kunyange mamwe matura e bacon pamusoro chekeya.

Hupenyu hwakanaka hwemunhu wese?
Kudyidzana? Kutengeserana kwemahara hongu kana kwete? Pa "Hupenyu Hwakanaka Kune Vese" kongiresi, yakakomberedza 140 nyanzvi dzepasi rese kubva pasainzi, nharaunda, mapoka anofarira, zvematongerwo enyika uye bhizinesi rakakurukurwa nevamwe ve 1.000 musangano.
"Zviri zvekudzikisa kudyidzana kwenyika dzepasi rose uye kuwanikwazve nzvimbo yekushandisa 'kubva pazasi' ne emancipatory hupfumi hwenyika. Asi isu tinoda zvese: rusununguko uye cosmopolitanism - nyika inoenderana nechero nyika, "akadaro Andreas Novy, director weInstitute of Multi-Level Governance and Development kuWU.
Nekudaro, kunze kwemhinduro nyowani kumatambudziko eruzhinji, zvinoda zvakare gakava panjodzi dzavanounza: "Kufambira mberi chaiko hakudi kuti uti kwete kune budiriro iyo, pamusoro pazvose, inounza pamwe nekusaenzana kwepasi uye nematambudziko ezvisikwa," anodaro purofesa. Jean Marc Fontan anobva kuYunivhesiti yeMontreal.

Kukura muropa

Asi chii chinonzi kukura kwehupfumi? Muhuwandu, ndiko kuwedzera kwechigadzirwa chakawandisa chemukati. Taura zviri nyore, ndiwo huwandu hwemubairo wese munyika. Iwo makuru emakambani emakambani anobhadhara vashandi vavo, zvirinani zvavari. Nekuti kazhinji iwe unoenda kuimba yevaeni. Izvi zvinowedzera kuwedzera kwemakambani. Vashanyi vanowanzo kuraira anodhura emabhora echizi mabhora.

Kubhururuka kweu capitalism

Saka kukura iropa mumitsipa yeu capitalism. Pasina kukura, yedu system yaizoenda kumabvi ayo, nekuti makambani ari mukukwikwidzana nguva dzose nemumwe. Ivo vanogona chete kurarama kana vakura uye vari nani. "Kana kambani ikatengesa zvakafanana gore rega, haigone kupa mari kune vashandi vayo. Nekuda kweizvozvo, chibvumirano chakabatanidzwa chinowedzera panguva yekusagadzikana kwehupfumi, umo musina kukura mune mamwe maindasitiri, zvaive zvisina basa, "anodaro Schneider mukudzoreredza. Munguva pfupi, mitengo yepamusoro yemubhadharo yakagadziriswa nemari yekuchengetedza mukutsvaga nekuvandudza. Kuedza kune ngozi munguva refu, nekuti inotambura nezvitsva. Kurota kwechikamu chechipiri chebhekoni yakatenderedza cheki kunofamba kuenda kure, nekuti kugadzirwa hakuwedzere. Iye muchengeti wemba haadyari muhomwe yekubheka kuitira kuti vabiki vake vagone kuputira huku hwemakwai mazhinji kune vashanyi munguva shoma. Yekupedzisira mhedzisiro: Kana isu tichida kuwana mari yakawanda uye nekudaro tinakirwe nekubudirira kukuru, iko kusimuka kwemakambani kunofanirwa kukura.

Kubva pane bacon kusvika kumapension mashoma

Zvekuti ma pension vanokwanisa kubhadhara iyo Schnitzel inodhura, mapensheni avo anofanirwa kusimuka. Uye zvakare, vazhinji nevazhinji vepension vanopinda, keyword kukwegura nzanga. Pasina kukura kwehupfumi, mapensheni achakurumidza kunge akakwanira soup frittate. "Pasina kukura kwehupfumi, mabhenefiti emunharaunda aisazomuka mune hupfumi," Schneider akataura. Kunyangwe iyo nyika inogona kupfura (iyo yainotoita inenge chikamu chetatu chemapension), asi isinga peri.

Iyo zero kukura mamiriro

Hupfumi hweAustria hunofungidzirwa kukura gore rino ne1,5 muzana, zvakangoita kunge gore rapfuura. Hapana chikonzero cheeuphoria, asi zvakare hapana munhu wekuchema, nekuti 2013 GDP haina kukura zvachose. Kufunga yakamira paziro, ko system yedu ingaramba yakasimba zvakadii? "Nhamba imwe yedare reparamende yakawanda yehurumende, inoenderana nekutenderera kwebhizinesi," Schneider anofungidzira zvisizvo.
Uye zvakare, mushure memakore mashanu ekusagadzikana, zvinhu zvinokurumidza kudzikira. Pakarepo, kutya pakati pevashandi kuri kuda kupererwa nebasa. Mhedzisiro: Vanhu vanodya zvishoma uye vanochengeta yakawanda. Kushanya kuimba yevaeni kunova raramo. Kusashandiswa zvishoma kunokanganisa vashandi zvakanyanya-zvakanyanya masevhisi, achiverenga pasi pechikamu chimwe chete cheGDP. Izvi zvinoshanda senge turbo iri mudunhu rinotyisa, inotungamira kune rakanyanya kusava nebasa.
Iyoyo yaive nyaya ye capitalism. Asi zvinorevawo zvakasiyana.

Hapana bhatani bhatani raionekwa

"Rega kumanikidza panguva yacho hazvigoneke nekuti system yedu yakagadzirirwa hunyanzvi uye kukura," anodaro Julianna Fehlinger, muratidziri uye aimbova sachigaro wesangano rinoshamwaridzana nehutongi hwehutongi hwehurumende "Attac". Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, iyi inoshanda pasi rese inosimudzira ruzhinji kururamisira uye haisi yekutsigira kukura kwakanyanya. Nekudaro, munhu mumwechete haakwanise kutanga zero kukura mode, asi anofanirwa kufamba munzvimbo dzose panguva imwechete: yakavanzika, yemakambani, yenyika. Kunyangwe hupfumi humwe chete hahugone kupukunyuka kukura nekuti kudyidzana kunoita nyikave kumakwikwi Kuramba kukura saka kwaizofanira kukonzera pasi rese pamwechete. Pakuva? Hongu!
Asi maonero ehupfumi hweshure -kuvandudza hupfumi hahuremi zvakadaro. Izvo zvinoreva hupfumi husina kukura kweGDP, asi pasina kubayira hupfumi. Kusimbisa kuzvimiririra kwenzvimbo neyematunhu nekudzora indasitiri yepasi rose ndizvo zvinongedzo zveresipi iyi.

Muenzaniso mukuru wekutungamira wedunhu kuzvirima. Activist Fehlinger akararama sekuzvishingisa ega makore maviri papurazi kuti azive kuzvimiririra kwekudya ega. Ikoko, nharaunda inogara papurazi yakashandisa muenzaniso wehupfumi hwakasimba: homwe yakajairika, basa rega rega rakakosha zvakafanana - kungave kunze kwemunda kana pamba mukicheni. Mhedziso yake: "Zvekurima zvinotaridzika, kunyangwe paine basa rakawanda shure kwaro. Dai vanhu vazhinji vairima mapurazi, indasitiri diki diki ingazove yakakosha. " Kukura muindasitiri yezvekurima kunoreva kudzvinyirirwa kwevanhu pamwe neyemusikirwo nekuti kunoparadza zvirimwa zvidiki zvekurima. Iko kudzvanywa kwemutengo wakanyanya kunoita kuti mapurazi madiki akaoma kuwana purofiti.

Asi nyika haisi mapurazi chete. "Iwe unofanirwa kufunga kunze kwemashambadziro emusika musika munzvimbo dzose," anodaro Fehlinger. Muenzaniso "bhizinesi rinozvitonga". Aya makambani asina mvumo ndevevashandi vanoatungamira mukuzvitonga. Ndokunge, vashandi havafanirwe kuwana mibairo yevatariri, asi yavo chete. Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, iyi modhi yakauya nekubudirira mushure mekushomeka kwenyika yeArgentina kutenderera kwemireniyumu. Nekudaro, nekubudirira zvine mwero, nekuti mukuita hazvigone kushandiswa kumakambani ese. Asi ngatifambei mberi neiri zano remabhizimusi anozvibata ega.

Solidary economic

Ivo vari pasi pedenga remhepo "yakasimba hupfumi". Iyi ipfungwa yakakura kwazvo inosanganisira, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, zvemagariro zvakaringana uye zvehunhu kufunga pasina kusaririra kwekugadzira. "Hupfumi hwemagariro ndicho chinangwa muchirongwa chisina kukura, nekuti hupfumi hwomusika hunogadzira kusaenzana," anodaro Fehlinger. Muenzaniso: Pasinei nekukura kweGDP, mari chaiyo haina kukwira muAustria mumakore achangopfuura. "Mutengi wevhareji haana kana chinhu chekukura," anoshora Fehlinger. Chimwe chezvikonzero zveizvi ndeyekuwedzera nhamba yemabasa enguva-yebasa.
Muhupfumi hwakabatana, kukura haisi iyo leitmotif, asi zvakakwana. Nekudaro, izvo zvinodiwa nevanhu zvinofanirwa kutama. Panzvimbo yemotokari inomhanya, ndipo panobva pakuda kufamba. Kure kubva pane izvo zvinowanikwa kune chishuwo chekuwedzera dzidzo, tsika uye kutora chikamu mune zvematongerwo enyika.

Parizvino isu tiri mudhara rinotyisa. "Makambani anoti akanangana nezvinodiwa nevanhu, uye vanozvigadzira kuburikidza nekushambadzira pachako," anodaro Fehlinger. Neimwe nzira, makambani anoita nepfungwa yehupfumi hwakasimba. Mienzaniso iripo ndeye mapurazi ayo anoita kurima kwakasimba Zvigadzirwa zvakawanikwa zvinoshandiswa kugadzirira kurima kwemugadziri wekurima uye panguva imwechete inovimbisa kutenga. Izvi zvinobvisa zvakawandisa. Panguva imwecheteyo, vagovani vacho vanotakura njodzi apo, semuenzaniso, chimvuramabwe chinoparadza chirimwa cheFisole.

Kukura kwegirini kuburikidza nekugadzirisa

Mutsoropodzi wekukura, purofesa weWU uye sachigaro we "Green Educational Workhop", Andreas Novy, ane pfungwa yakajeka: "Kukura kunotungamira mukubatwa kwevanhu nehunhu." Anodaidza kuti kukura kwakasimba, uye kwe "budiriro yehupenyu hwakanaka". Dunhu kugadzirwa uye kushandiswa kwezvivakwa, pfupi nguva yekushanda uye yekuchengetedza-kuchengetedza kugadzirisa eco-nomic iri kumberi. Chinonyanya kukoshesa ndiko kuzvidza kwevanhu panzvimbo kwemakaro.
Digitalization uye otomatiki kwaizoita kudzikisira kwakanyanya mumaawa ekushanda kunobvira, maererano naNovy. Izvi zvinosiya nguva yakawanda yekuita munzvimbo munharaunda, sekutarisira vakwegura uye kugadziriswa kwemidziyo. "Hatishande," anowedzera. Kunyangwe kana GDP isingakure, hazvireve kuti hapana mibairo iri kuwedzera. Kwete. "Kugadzirisa muchina wekushambidza kunoda mari, izvo zvinobva zvayerera kune nyanzvi dzemhizha," anotsanangura kudaro wezvehupfumi. Panguva imwecheteyo, hapana muchina mutsva unofanirwa kugadzirwa muchina wakagadziridzwa. Huwandu hwekugadzirwa kwemakambani hwaizodzikira. "Iyoyo inokura, asi vamwe vanononoka," Novy anozvidemba.
Kukura kwegirini kunoreva kuumbika uye kusimudzira pasina chirevo. Novy akati: "Tekinoroji inowedzera hunyanzvi hwekushandisa zviwanikwa, semuenzaniso, kana kupisa marara kubva kune zvidyarwa maindasitiri kuchishandiswa kupisa." Chokwadi, iyi thesis haishande, hongu, nekuti tekinoroji inogona kuita mupiro chete. Novy anoshevedza sangano idzva rehupfumi. "Tinofanira kutaura zvakanaka kumuenzaniso wemakwikwi, nekuti ndiwo mutyairi akakura wokukura. Parizvino kukura kunotungamira mukukura kwakawanda netsika yekurasa."
Nzira yekubuda mukunyepedzera kwekukura yakaoma, nekuti masimba emagetsi angafanirwa kuputswa. "Nei VW, semuenzaniso, vachizeza kuvandudza mota dzemagetsi? Nekuti kambani yaizowana mari shoma nazvo, ”anodaro mudzvinyiriri wekukura.

Photo / Video: Shutterstock.