Sonja Bettel
"Denmark neNorway ndidzo nyika dzinokunda kuvimba nevamwe vanhu."
Christian Bjørnskov, University of Aarhus
Nyika inogona kugutsa zvinodikanwa zvakakosha zvevagari vayo here? Izvo zvinopa mamiriro ezvinhu kune vanhu uye nharaunda kuti vagadzirise uye nekuchengetedza hutano hwavo? Uye vagari vese vane mukana wekushandisa zvizere kugona kwavo here? Iyi ndiyo mibvunzo iyo iyo Social Progress Index (SPI) inotsvaga kupindura gore rega rega kune nyika dzakawanda pasi rese sezvinobvira neakaoma meta-kudzidza. KuneDenmark unogona kupindura iyi mibvunzo yese nenzira inotevera: Ehe! Hongu! Hongu!
Denmark saka yakasvika 2017 iyo nzvimbo yepamusoro yeSPI. Chaizvoizvo, mhedzisiro yacho haishamise, nyora vanyori ve "Social Progress Index" mumushumo wavo. IDenmark yakagara ichizivikanwa nehurongwa hwayo hwemagariro uye hwakawandisa hwehupenyu. Pakutanga kwe2017, kunyangwe iyo SPI isati yamboburitswa, mararamiro e "chiDanish" akatotumidzwa nevakawanda vekutaura kwechiGerman semagariro achangobva kuitika ekuvanhu: "Hygge" (yakataurwa hugge) inozvidaidza iyo uye inogona kushandurwa se "Gemütlichkeit". Iwe unogara kumba kana muchisikirwo nemhuri uye neshamwari pamwe chete, mudye uye muchinwa zvakanaka, kutaura uye anongofara. Muzhizha, kunyange magazini yezita rimwe chete yakauya pamusika kuGermany, kwaunogona kuona vanhu vazhinji vanopenya.
"Mumwe munhu watinoziva akambotaura kuti isu maDhani tinofara kwazvo nekuti tine tarisiro dzakaderera," anodaro Dane Klaus Pedersen nekufara. Klaus ane makore 42 ane makore, anogara muAarhus, guta rechipiri rakakura muDenmark, uye anoshanda kambani yemafirimu kwemakore gumi. "Ini ndinofara nehupenyu hwangu," anodaro, "Chinhu chete chiri kundinetsa muDenmark mutero wakanyanya uye mamiriro ekunze. Iwe haugone kuchinja mamiriro ekunze, asi kune makenduru, magumbeze uye" Hygge ", ona kumusoro. Uye mitero?
"MuDenmark neNorway, 70 muzana yevakabvunzwa vanoti vanhu vazhinji vanogona kuvimbwa, ne 30 muzana chete kuzere nyika."
IDenmark inoonekwa senyika yakakura mutero nyika, asi mune zviitiko zveOECD iri pamusoro nepakati chete pakati peiyo 36 muzana. Pamusoro peOECD iri Belgium ine mutero wemitero we54 muzana, Austria ine 47,1 muzana, Denmark 36,7 muzana. Munyika zhinji chikamu ichi chine mutero wemari uye wechengetedzo yemagariro seyunishuwarenzi yehutano, inishuwarenzi isingashande, tsaona yeinishuwarenzi, nezvimwe, nepo muDenmark chete mutero wemari unobhadharwa uye mushandirwi chikamu chidiki chemipiro yekuchengetedza munharaunda. Yakawanda mibairo yemagariro inooneswa mari nehurumende kubva kumitero yemitero, izvo zvinopa vagari fungidziro yekuti izvi zvakanaka zvacho ndezvemahara.
"Tine rombo rakanaka," anodaro 38 gore weprojekti purani, Nicoline Skraep Larsen, ane vana vaviri vane makore mana uye matanhatu. MuDenmark, chikoro nekudzidza zvakasununguka, pane izvo kudzidza iwe unowana rutsigiro rwemari. Vadzidzi vazhinji vangadai vachiri kushanda parutivi, kunyanya kana vachigara muCopenhagen inodhura, asi zvinhu zvakakosha zvinotarisirwa. "Saka munhu wese anowana mukana wekudzidza, zvisinei nekuti vabereki vako vane marii," anodaro Nicoline. Naizvozvo, maDhani akadzidziswa zvakanaka, izvo zvakare zvinoreva mari yepamusoro. MuDenmark, hazviite kutaura kuti vakadzi nevarume vanoshanda zvakaenzana. Mukadzi anogona kugara pamba kwegore mushure mekuzvarwa kwemwana, kwenguva iyo mushure maizvozvo ichava nenzvimbo dzakaringana dzekuchengeta vana dzisingabhadhare mari yakawanda.
Vana nemhuri yakakosha kwazvo muDenmark. "Zvinogamuchirwa kuti ubve muhofisi kare nekuti unofanirwa kutora vana," anodaro Sebastian Campion, anoshanda sogadzira kambani yepasi rose muCopenhagen uye asina vana iye amene. Nenzira, masvondo ekushanda muDenmark maawa e37, asi vazhinji vaizovhura laptop manheru manheru kana vana vari pamubhedha. Nikoline haafungi kuti zvakashata. Angangodaro ari kushanda 42 maawa pasvondo, asi iye haafunge kana nezvekuita nguva yakawedzerwa, nekuti anokoshesa kushanduka kuri nyore.
Iyo SPI inotaurawo nezve kuwanikwa kwedzimba dzinodhura muDenmark. Avo vasingapi mari yakakwana, iine imwe nguva yekumirira, vane mukana wekurenda imba yekutandarira, inobhadhara inenge hafu senge pamusika wakavhurika. Kunyangwe kana ukarwara, ukarasikirwa nebasa rako, usingakwanise kuita basa kana kuda kuenda pamudyandigere - nekuda kwemaitiro ese ehupenyu akaoma emaDhani, pane pasocial network. Kodzero dzevagari vanochengetwawo zvakakwirira, kunyange hazvo Denmark isina kuchengetwa mumakore achangopfuura nekuchinjika kunoenda kurudyi muEurope uye kufananidzirwa kwevapoteri nevatorwa. Kune vamwe, nzvero yemagariro yatove yakawandisa uye vanganyunyuta kuti ivo vanofanirwa kubhadhara mutero kune vamwe avo (nekuda kwechikonzero chero chipi zvacho) vasingashande, anodaro Klaus Pedersen.
Anofara kuburikidza nekuvimba nekuzvininipisa
Kuti nditaure kuti uri nani kana uri nani pane mumwe munhu zvakapusa kuDenmark. Iye munyori wechiDanish-weNorway Aksel Sandemose akarondedzera 1933 mune chinyorwa chinotamba mumusha wekunyepedzera weJante. Kubva ipapo, ikaboo iya inonzi "Janteloven", se "mutemo waJante".
Iyo Jante Code ye Mufambiro - uye unofara?
Mutemo weJante (Danish / norw.: Janteloven, Sweden.: Jantelagen) izwi rakamira rinodzokera kuna Aksel Sandemose's (1899-1965) chinyorwa "A Refugee Crossing Her Track" (En flyktning krysser sitt spor, 1933) , Mariri, Sandemose anotsanangura hutsinye-hwepfungwa hweguta reDenmark inonzi Jante uye kudzvinyirirwa kugadzirisa mamiriro emhuri nenharaunda nemukomana Aspen Arnakke.
Mutemo weJante unonzwisiswa senge maitiro ezvibodzwa zvemitemo yenharaunda yeScandinavia tsika sphere. Kodhi yacho inofungidzira kuti yakafanirwa neruzhinji kune vakawanda nekuda kwekufanana kwayo: Vamwe vanozviona se- kusvika kumucheto - inodzikisira kuedza kweudyire kubudirira; vamwe vanoona mutemo weJante sekudzvinyirira kwehumwe uye kusimudzira munhu.
Mune maonero anthropological, Janteloven anogona kunongedzera kune inogona kuitika seScandinavia kuzvidzora mukudyidzana munharaunda: kuzvininipisa kunoratidzwa pazuva kunodzivirira godo uye kunovimbisa budiriro yeunganidziro.
de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janteloven
Asi izvo zvese hazvitsanangure kuti sei maDhani asiri ekungotariswa seanonyanya kufambira mberi munharaunda, asiwo maNorwegians, vanhu vanofara kwazvo munyika. Mhinduro kune iyoyo inopihwa naChristian Bjørnskov, muongorori paUniversity yeAarhus: "Denmark neNorway ndiyo nyika dzinovimba zvakanyanya nevamwe vanhu." Munyika idzi mbiri, 70 muzana yevakabvunzwa vanoti vanhu vazhinji mune imwe nyika, kune chete 30 muzana. Kuvimba ndechimwe chinhu chinodzidziswa kubva pakuzvarwa, tsika yetsika, asi muDenmark inowanikwa zvakanaka, anodaro Christian Bjørnskov. Mitemo yakaumbwa zvakajeka uye inoteererwa, iko manejimendi anoshanda nemazvo uye pachena, huwori hahuwanzo. Iko kunofungidzirwa kuti munhu wese ari kuita nemazvo. Klaus Pedersen anosimbisa izvi: "Ini ndinongoita bhizinesi nekubatana maoko."
Klaus aigara kuSwitzerland kwemakore mashoma, uko mitero yakanyanya kuderera uye kubatsirwa kwevanhu kwakaderera. Iyo Rufaro Rondedzero inoisa Switzerland munzvimbo yechina uye yechishanu muPSI 2017. Nzira dzekuenda kumufaro zviri pachena dzakasiyana.
Social Progress Index - unofara?
Iyo Social Progress Index (SPI) yakaverengerwa kubvira 2014 neboka rekutsvagisa rinotungamirwa nemuprofesa wezvehupfumi Michael Porter weHarvard Bhizinesi Chikoro chenyika dzese dzepasi panowanikwa data rakakwana; mugore re2017, nyika dze128 dzaive. Izvo zvakavakirwa pahupfumi hwezvidzidzo nemasangano epasi rese uye masangano pamusoro pehupenyu hwehupenyu, hutano, kurapwa, kuwanikwa kwemvura uye hutsanana, dzimba, kuchengetedzwa, dzidzo, ruzivo uye kutaurirana, nharaunda, kodzero dzevanhu, rusununguko, kushivirira uye kusanganisa. Pfungwa ndeye kuve nemubatiridziri wechero chigadzirwa chakawanikwa (GDP), icho chinoyera kubudirira kwehupfumi hwenyika chete, asi kwete kufambira mberi kwenzanga. Rondedzero iyi inoburitswa nesangano risingabatsiri mubatsiri Social Progress Imperative, rakavakirwa pabasa raAmartya Sen, Douglass North naJoseph Stiglitz, uye rine chinangwa chekubatsira mukuzadzikiswa kweSustainable Development Goals.
Denmark ine yakanyanya kufambira mberi yemagariro ine 90,57 point, inoteverwa neFinland (90,53), Iceland neNorway (imwe neimwe 90,27) uye Switzerland (90,10). IDenmark inowona zvakanaka munzvimbo dzose, kunze kwehutano nehuremo hwehupenyu, iyo iri pakati pemakore 80,8; kune yakavakidzana neSweden, iri 82,2. Zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti yakakwira yeDenmark fodya uye kunwa doro zvine mhosva.Iyo Alpine Republic inorasikirwa nenzvimbo kana ichienzaniswa neyakaitika gore rapfuura, asi zvakadaro inoverengeka mudenderedzwa diki renzvimbo idzodzo nehupfumi hwepamberi. Kugutsa zvido zvevanhu zvakakosha, Austria inokwenenzvera kuita 5. Mukuwedzera kune kuwanikwa kwedzimba dzinodhura uye kuchengetedzeka pachako, chikamu ichi chinosanganisirawo kuwanikwa kwemvura yekunwa uye nzvimbo dzekuchena. Mune mamwe mapoka maviri akakosha "Fundamentals of Well-Kuva" uye "Mikana uye Mikana" Austria inowanikwa 9 uye 16. Pasinei nemhedzisiro yakanyanya kunaka, Austria iri pazasi yakakosha kutarisirwa mune dzimwe nzvimbo. Kana GDP ichienzaniswa nedanho rekufambira mberi kwemagariro, pane zvinodiwa zvakajeka kubata, kunyanya nezve mikana yakaenzana uye dzidzo pamwe nekushivirira munharaunda.
Ne 64,85 Social Progress Index's jumla mamakisi e100 point, tinoona zvishoma gore-pane-gore kuvandudzika (2016: 62,88 point). Kunyangwe budiriro yepasi rose yemagariro iri kutora nzvimbo, inosiyana zvakanyanya mukuomarara uye nekukurumidza, zvichienderana nedunhu. Iyo Social Progress Index yakaongorora nyika dze128 pasi rese nekuda kwe50 yemagariro uye yezvakatipoteredza zvinhu.
www.socialprogressindex.com
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