Clara Landler
"Tinofanirwa kutarisa zvakanyanya nzira (dzisina kunaka) dzinoburitswa munhau, pamwe nekuwanda kwekusangana nenhau, kudzivirira vanhu kuti vasafurirwa nekusava nehanya."
Kubva kuNhau dziri kutiita kuti tisafare? kudzidza, 2019
Iwe unosvika wakasununguka muhoro yevanosvika pachiteshi chechitima muguta rako uye unotarisira kusvika kumba wakasununguka. Yatovako, zvakadaro, mifananidzo yenjodzi dzazvino uno inopenya pamasikirini eruzivo, ayo akaoma kuramba. Mumwe mutambo unotevera unotevera, utachiona hutsva hwekorona huri kuwedzera huchichinjana nenjodzi dzinongoitika dzoga, mishumo yehondo, kurwiswa kwemagandanga, kuurayiwa kwevanhu uye nyaya dzehuori. Ikoko kunoratidzika kunge kusina kupukunyuka kukurumidza kwehuwandu hwemashoko asina kunaka - uye hapana mhinduro kumubvunzo "Chii ikozvino?".
Ichi chiitiko chine zvakawanda zvakabva, izvo zvakawongororwa zvakanyanya neakasiyana siyana ezvidzidzo zvesainzi. Migumisiro yacho inowanzopokana uye inopengenutsa, uye hapasati paine zviwanikwa zvinorangarirwa kuva zvakavimbika. Chii chiri chokwadi, zvisinei, ndechekuti kusarudzwa kwezvinova nhau kunomuka munzvimbo yakaoma yekutsamira. Kuzvitaura zviri nyore, zvinogona kutaurwa kuti vezvenhau vanofanirwa kuzvipa mari uye mumamiriro ezvinhu aya vanotsamira pakati pezvematongerwo enyika nebhizinesi. Kuwanda kwevaverengi vanogona kusvikwa, zviri nani mikana yekukwanisa kuwana mari.
Uropi hwakagadzirirwa ngozi
Kuti kukwevera kutarisa kwakanyanya sezvinobvira nokukurumidza sezvinobvira, nheyo yakateverwa kwenguva yakareba: "mashoko akaipa chete ndiwo mashoko akanaka". Izvozvo negativity inoshanda zvakanakisa mune izvi ine zvakawanda zvekuita nemashandire anoita uropi hwedu. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti, nekuda kwekushanduka-shanduka, kukurumidza kuzivikanwa kwengozi kunomiririra yakakosha kupona uye kuti uropi hwedu hwakaumbwa saizvozvo.
Kunyanya nzvimbo dzedu dzekare dzehuropi dzakadai sebrainstem uye limbic system (kunyanya hippocampus ine hukama hwayo hwakasimba kune amygdala) inoita nekukurumidza kune zvinokurudzira manzwiro uye kushungurudzika. Maonero ese anogona kureva njodzi kana kuponeswa anototungamira kune maitiro kare mamwe mativi ehuropi asati awana nguva yekurongedza ruzivo rwakanyura. Kwete chete isu tose tine mafungiro ekuita zvakasimba kune zvinhu zvisina kunaka, zvinonyatsonyorwa kuti ruzivo rwakashata runogadziriswa nekukurumidza uye zvakanyanya kudarika ruzivo rwakanaka uye runowanzoyeukwa zviri nani. Chiitiko ichi chinonzi "negativity bias".
Chete manzwiro akasimba anopa mhedzisiro yakafanana. Inogonawo kushandiswa kuisa pfungwa nekukurumidza uye zvakanyanya. Tinobatwa nezvinouya pedyo nesu. Kana chimwe chinhu chiri kure, chinongoerekana chatora chikamu chehuropi hwedu. Kana tikanzwa takanganiswa zvakananga, ndipo patinonyanya kudavidza. Zvifananidzo saka zvine simba rakasimba kupfuura mazwi, semuenzaniso. Ivo vanogadzira fungidziro yekuswedera kwenzvimbo.
Kushuma kunoteverawo pfungwa iyi. Nhau dzemunharaunda dzimwe nguva dzinogona kuva "zvakanaka". Mudzimi wemoto anozivikanwa nemunhu wese mutaundi anogona kunge ari munhau mubepa remunharaunda paanonunura katsi yemuvakidzani mumuti. Nekudaro, kana chiitiko chiri kure, chinoda kurudziro yakasimba senge kushamisika kana manzwiro kuitira kuti igoiswa seyakakosha muuropi hwedu. Izvi zvinogona kucherechedzwa zvakanakisa munyika yetabloid midhiya, pakati pevamwe. Nekudaro, pfungwa iyi ine mhedzisiro inosvika kure kuzvinhu zvenyika uye kwatiri isu pachedu.
Isu tinoona nyika zvakanyanya zvakashata
Mhedzisiro yakanangana nekutaura kwakashata, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, ine mibairo yakajeka kumunhu mumwe nemumwe. Chishandiso chinowanzotaurwa nezvacho maererano nemaonero atinoita nyika "yedzo yeruzivo" yakagadzirwa nemuongorori wehutano wekuSweden Hans Rosling. Inoitwa pasi rese munyika dzinopfuura gumi neina dzine zviuru zvevanhu, inogara ichitungamira kune imwe chete mhedzisiro: Isu tinoongorora mamiriro epasirese zvakanyanya kuipa kupfuura zvaari chaizvo. Paavhareji, isingasviki chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chemibvunzo gumi nemitatu iri nyore yesarudzo inopindurwa nemazvo.
Negativity - Kutya - Kushaya Simba
Zvino zvinogona kufungidzirwa kuti maonero asina kunaka enyika anogonawo kuwedzera chido chekuchinja chimwe chinhu uye kuti ushande iwe pachako. Mhedzisiro kubva kupfungwa uye neuroscience inopenda mufananidzo wakasiyana. Zvidzidzo pamusoro pemigumisiro yepfungwa yekutaura kusina kunaka kunoratidza, somuenzaniso, kuti mushure mekuona nhau dzisina kunaka paTV, manzwiro asina kunaka akadai sekuzvidya mwoyo anowedzerawo.
Chimwe chidzidzo chakaratidzawo kuti mhedzisiro inoyerwa yekutaura kwakashata kwakangodzokera kumamiriro ekutanga (nhau isati yashandiswa) muboka rekudzidza iro rakazoperekedzwa nekupindira kwepfungwa sekuzorora kunofambira mberi. Migumisiro yakaipa yepfungwa yakaramba iri muboka rekutonga pasina rubatsiro rwakadaro.
Media negativity inogonawo kuita zvinopesana: manzwiro ekushaya simba uye kushaya simba anowedzera, uye kunzwa kwekukwanisa kuita mutsauko kwakarasika. Uropi hwedu hunoenda mu "mental crisis mode", biology yedu inopindirana nekushushikana. Isu hatidzidze zvatingaite kuti tichinje chimwe chinhu. Tinodzidza kuti hapana chikonzero chekutarisana.
Kuremerwa kunoita kuti usapopotedzane, nzira dzekukunda nadzo ndizvo zvese zvinogadzira fungidziro yechengeteko, senge: kutarisa kure, kunzvenga nhau muzhinji ("kudzivisa nhau"), kushuva chimwe chinhu chakanaka ("kutiza") - kana kutsigira. munharaunda uye / kana ideology - kusvika pakurangana dzidziso.
Negativity munhau: chii chinganyatso kuitwa?
Mhinduro dzinogona kuwanikwa pamatanho akasiyana. Padanho revatori venhau, nzira dze "Positive Journalism" uye "Constructive Journalism" dzakazvarwa. Izvo maitiro ese ari maviri akafanana ndezvekuti vanozviona senge nzira yekupokana kune "negativity bias" munhoroondo yenhau yenhau uye kuti vese vanovimba zvakanyanya nemhinduro dzinobva pamisimboti ye "positive psychology". Pakati saka tarisiro, mhinduro, mazano ekugadzirisa matambudziko akasiyana-siyana enyika iri kuwedzera kuoma.
Asi kunewo mamwe ega ega mhinduro dzinovaka kupfuura nzira dzekugadzirisa dzataurwa pamusoro apa. Nzira inonyatsozivikanwa iyo yakaratidza kuti inokurudzira tariro uye kuderedza "kusarerekera" inogona kuwanikwa mune inonzi pfungwa yekufunga - iyo yakawanawo kutaura mune dzakawanda nzira dzekurapa. Zvinogara zvakakosha kugadzira mikana yakawanda sezvinobvira yekuzvisimbisa iwe pachako mu "pano uye izvozvi". Nzira dzinoshandiswa dzinobva pakudzidzira kufema, maitiro akasiyana-siyana ekufungisisa kusvika kune kurovedza muviri. Nekuita zvishomanana, chimwe chezvikonzero zvikuru zvekunyanya kudiwa uye kuguma kwekushaya rubatsiro kunogona kugadziriswa munguva refu - chero bedzi chikonzero chekunetseka kwega kwega kunogona kuwanikwa kunze uye hakudzokeri kukadzika-. akagara ekutanga ma imprints: iyo inowanzo sanganisira-sese-kunetsekana kunowanikwa mumuviri wako pachako, iyo inogara ichiperekedza nzanga yedu nhasi.
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