Helmut Melzer
Dzimba, kunyanya kudhura, inyaya yakakosha yezvematongerwo enyika - kwete muAustria chete. Nzvimbo dzekugara dzinofanira kugadzirisa izvi. Asi kunyanya munguva dzehupfumi mabhizinesi, iyo dzimba dzekudyara dzinopihwa mari nemitero dzinowirwa nemari yakawanda yekushupika. Kufambira mberi kwenyika dzakawanda mumakore apfuura kwakakonzera kupokana kukuru muEuropean Union. Mubvunzo wepakati: Ndiani anogona kushandisa dzimba dzekugara?
Mubvunzo wemakwikwi?
Kupindura kune pan-European nharo, 2005 yakamhan'ara mhosva nemubatiri wemubatanidzwa European Property Foundation, mumiriri wevaridzi vepamhepo, muSweden kune Komisheni yeEuropean Yemakwikwi - nekuda kwekukanganisa mukwikwidzi kuburikidza nekukweretesa kwemakwikwi kune vanobhadharisa vevashandi vepamutemo vekuvaka dzimba. The tenor: Hapana munhu pamusika anofanira kupihwa zvido zvekutanga uye kugona kuwana zvakanaka kuburikidza neruzhinji mari. Kwete kunyange mumamiriro ezvinhu edzimba dzekugara. Zvinoenderana nemasaga epamba, izvi zvinogona kushanda pasi pemamiriro akafanana kana kungobatsira avo vanoshaya.
Asi panguva iyo veScandinavians vakagara patafura uye vachikurukura nezvekuwirirana, zvinowanikwa muNetherlands vanonyanya kubudirira vatevedzeri. 2010, European Commission yakasimbisa kunyunyuta kweDutch pamusoro penyaya yemakwikwi emahara. Nemhedzisiro, saBarbara Steenbergen weInternationalantsants 'Association IUT, anoti: "Saka, kuwanikwa kwevarombo kwaifanira kushoma. "Ingori nyaya yenguva chete kuti ghettos risati rabuda."
Mhosva yeDutch
Mitemo mitsva yemutambo muNetherlands: Kune "Wocos", ivo vasiri vapfumi vanogadzira mari, muganho wemari ye33.000 Euro pagore (yaimbova 38.000 Euro) - yakakura uye zvino yakazvimirirawo yehuwandu hwevagari veimba. Kuenzanisa: MuVienna, semuenzaniso, semunhu, mutero wemari yehuremu ye43.970 euros pagore (vanhu vaviri: 65.530 euros ff) inzvimbo yekutanga yerection inotsigirwa uye yekudyidzana inoshanda. 550.000 dzimba dzinochengetwa uye dzakatenderedza 1,25 mamirioni avanhu anoshandisa dzimba dzekugara muAustria. Vangani vangadai vachiri vanokodzera kupiwa mari yekugara kana mari yekubhadhara ikaderedzwa?
Steenbergen pamamiriro akaita zvinhu muNetherlands: "Dzimba dze650.000 nokudaro dzakasarudzwazve. Mutengo wekurenda muAmsterdam ye 45 square mita yemafirita parizvino uri kutenderera 1.000 Euro. Kumucheto kweguta, nguva dzekumirira dzava makore anosvika mapfumbamwe. "Mukuwedzera, kunaka kwechivako kunotyisidzira kutambudzika zvakanyanya. Nekuda kwemipimo yakaderera yemari uye mutero, nzvimbo dzekugara dzinotevera dzinofanirawo kuvakwa zvakachipa sezvinobvira.
Dzimba dzekugara sechinangwa chenyika
2011 yakatyisidzira kudzokorora chimwe chinhu chakafanana muFrance. Zvekare muridzi wepo landlord akamhan'arira kuEU - asi akasangana nekupikiswa kubva ku "Grande Nyika": Mukupindura EU muna May 2013, France yakazivisa dzimba dzekugara senzvimbo yenyika. Kubva ipapo pakave nekunyarara pane chikonzero. Basa renyika yenyika sezviri pachena rakunda pamusoro peiyo EU yekukwikwidza. Mushure mezvose, iwo musimboti wekutsigirwa unoshanda kune dzimba - izere chinhu kurudzi.
EU kukurukurirana pane dzimba dzekugara
Mibvunzo ikozvino iri kuwedzera kukurukurwa mukati meEU: Muna June 2013, Paramende yeEuropean yakatendera chirevo chekunyorwa kwedzimba dzekugara munharaunda yeEuropean Union. Peji yekutanga hurukuro ine mazano mazhinji, zvinodiwa uye mazano. Chii chichaitika? Iwe hauzive. "Commission haisati yataura kudaro," anodaro Steenbergen weIUT anoongororawo demokrasi mabhokiti muEU: "Kana munhu wese achipikisa uye Commission ichiri kusimuka, saka hapana kushomeka kweruzhinji? "Vakuru vanovhota vachipokana nekuvhota kwakajeka kwemaparamende."
Kuna Claire Roumet, secretary-general weEuropean Association of Social Housing CECODHAS, pepa harina kumbotangira: "Ini ndinodana makore ekupedzisira e20 makore maviri akarasikirwa emutemo wenzvimbo dzekugara. Paive nekuwedzera kwemitengo yedzimba kwese kupi. Zvikamu zvevagari havana mari yakakwana yekugara. "
Kududzirwa kwakasiyana kwedzimba dzekudyidzana inyaya yakakosha, kwete mubvunzo wehukuru hwenyika: "Nyika zhinji dzinotarisana nekusimudzirwa kwepfuma. Munguva yeKutambudzika, kune mari shoma dzedzimba, zvinyorwa zvemukati zvakavharwa. Izvo hazvigadzikike. Zvivakwa zvekugara zvinofanirwa kushandurwa nenzira kwayo, ”anodaro Roumet.
"Takanyora kudzoka kufarira veruzhinji pamireza. Ini ndinofunga isu tinofanirwa kutsanangurira avo vanotarisira mashandisiro anoita dzimba dzimba dzisina mari. Munyika dzakawanda, chete musika wakasununguka uye wakazara rubatsiro ndiwo unozivikanwa. Imba inokwana dzimba inoshanda haishande pamusika. Musika uyu une tsika yekukwira mitengo, "Steenbergen anobva kuInternationalantsants 'Association haadi chete boka revanyanzvi kubva kuKomisheni, asiwo kuparadzirwa kweiyo nzira yeAustria.
Iyo nzira yeAustria semuenzaniso
Asi chii chinoita iyo yeAustria modhi mukufananidzwa nedzimwe nyika zvachose? Wolfgang Amann anobva kusangano rekutsvagisa dzimba nezvivakwa, kuvaka uye kurarama IIBW: “Tine hurongwa nemisika inonzi yakabatana yemisika. Izvi zvinoreva kuti musika wekutengesa uye wekushamwaridzana uri mumakwikwi nemumwe. Dzimba dzinochengeterwa dzimba - kunze kwevakapfuma chaizvo - dzakavhurika kumatunhu ese emusika. Izvi zvinotungamira kumutengo unobatsira uye kukwikwidza kwemhando. Panguva imwecheteyo, mitero yemagariro ndeye chete mwero pasi pemisika yemahara. Nekuda kweizvozvo, mari inoshandiswa neruzhinji yekuwana dzimba dzekubatira iri pazere pakati peUS15 average. "
Asi sekuziva kwevese, hazvisi zvese zvakaringana. "Tine dambudziko rinodaidzwa kuti remukati." Iyo mizhinji yemisha ine dzimba dzekare dzinogara zvakanaka uye zvakachipa. Asi ndiani parizvino pakutsvaga pekugara, zvinonyanya kuoma. Uye zvakare, izvi zvinokanganisa dzimba dzechidiki, avo vanowanzo gadzira mabhajeti akajeka. Kazhinji, kana iwe uine kuronga kwenguva refu, iwe une mukana wakakura. Kana iwe usingazive kwaunogara muhafu yegore, iwe unofanirwa kubhadhara zvakanyanya nekuda kweizvozvo ", Amann inoratidza mamiriro azvino. Mukuenzanisa kwenyika dzakawanda, zvakadaro, Austria iri, seizvo mienzaniso yapfuura inoratidzawo, mumutengo uye kuwanikwa.
Rent muAustria
Kubva pagore 2009, iyo chikamu chemari yekurasa dzimba inoda kushandiswa pamitengo yedzimba dzimba dzekurenda yakakwira kubva pa23 muzana kuenda ku25 muzana. Iko kusimudzira kunosiyana zvichienderana nechikamu cherenda. Mune mutero wepamberi pekugara, mutengo wedzimba wakawedzera neinosvika zvikamu zvitatu kubva muzana uye yaive 2013 muzana yemari inowanikwa mumhuri mu28. Dzimba dzisina pension, kureva kuti kunyanya dzimba dzechidiki, dzine dzimba dzakakwira. Iyo inonyanya kubata vanhu vega-vapenyu (vakadzi 31 muzana, varume 28 muzana) uye dzimba dzine mubereki mumwe (31 muzana). Kwete zvishoma pane zvese, kuti imba yakareba sei inogara mufurati zvakakosha kune huwandu hwemitengo yedzimba.
Mitero yedzimba dzekurenda yepamusoro yakawedzera pamitero dzakasiyana mumakambani ekurejesa kubvira 2009. Ipo kuwedzera kwakawanda kwe2009-2013 mutengo kwaive mu13 muzana, mitero yekugara muvashandi vepamberi yekushambadzira yakawedzera ne 17,2 muzana, kubva ku6,6 kuenda ku7,8 euros paikwekwe mita. Kuwedzera kwedzimba dzemushandira pamwe kwakadzikira zvakanyanya pagumi muzana panguva imwe cheteyo yegore rapfuura. Vagari vemunharaunda vaifanira kubhadhara 2013 muzana kupfuura 8,3 mune 2009 gore.
Kwezvibvumirano zvitsva (kusvika kumakore mashanu epamberi pekubhadhara nguva), avhareji ye7,6 Euro pamita imwe yemamirita inobhadharwa. Dzimba dzine dzimba refu dzekurenda dzemakore anopfuura 30 dzinoshandisa 4,8 Euro kusanganisira mari yekushandisa.
(Kunobva: Statistics Austria)
Kukwidziridzwa & Charity
KwaMarkus Sturm, sachigaro weMubatanidzwa weDzekuvandudza dzimba vwbf, budiriro yeiyo dzimba dzekuAustria inonyanya kuvezwa pambiru mbiri: "Kune rimwe divi, iyi inopihwirira dzimba uye, kune rimwe divi, indasitiri yezvekuvakira dzimba isiri yemari." Nehukama hwakaitwa hwekudyidzana kwevakuru vezvivakwa-vanogadzirisirwa dzimba, vanovaka dzimba, vakasimbisa dzimba, zvakakwanisika kuwedzera mari yekutenga dzimba dzinodhura mumakumi emakore apfuura. EU yekufananidza yechipiri.
Kunze kwekugoverwa kwedzimba, hurongwa neiyo Gemeinnützige Wohnbauträger zvakare chinhu chehupfumi, seSturm inosimbisa: "Nekuda kwekuwanikwa kwemisangano yedzimba nekuvakidzana kwakakura kusaenzana nemari yekudyidzana hakuzi chete kwakatsva kwekuvaka kwekuvaka kweinenge chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chakazara dzimba. "Asi zvakare simbisai hupfumi hwakasimba."
Vabudisi vasina mari
Vanenge wese wechitanhatu anogaramo muAustria anogara mufurati rakavakwa uye / kana rinotarisirwa nemasangano asina mari. Iyo isina-purofiti yekugadzira dzimba ikozvino inogadzira 865.700 dzimba dzese, yeiyo 252.800 makondomu. Izvi zvinoenderana neinenge 25 muzana yemari izere dzimba muAustria. Makore makumi matatu apfuura, Mugove uyu wanga uchiri gumi gumi muzana. 2013 yakazopedzwa nemasangano ekuvaka ma13.720 mafurati, 2014 16.740 yaive dzimba itsva.
Pamakamuri aripo pano akapedzwa kutenderera 50.000 pagore, 50 muzana inowana rubatsiro, 50 muzana yakapihwa mari (yaimbova: 70 muzana / 30 muzana). Iyo inotsigirwa imba inovakwa parizvino inotorwa nevasina pundutso, vashambadziri vezvokutengeserana vanoita basa rakavanzika rekuvaka kondomu. (Kunobva: GBV).
Kudzokera kune zvinzeve
Ndosaka kuchikosha kwazvo kutsanangura rutsigiro rwezvivakwa: "Kuchengetedza chimiro cheimba, kutangwazve kwekucherechedzwa kwemasamba edzimba zvechokwadi chinhu chakakosha. Kana iwe uchida kuchengetedza dzimba dzekudyidzana panguva yakajairika yepamusoro, asi inodawo matanho ekusimbaradza emakambani asingabatsiri purofiti pamwe nemidziyo inoshanda yekutora ivhu kuitira dzimba dzekugara. "Saizvozvo anoona Amann IIBW:" Ndinokumbirira kushushikana! Tinoda kuenderera mberi mune kuchengetedzeka kwemari kwekusimudzirwa kwedzimba. Tinoda chiyero chakaringana chemari inopihwa uye yakavanzika mari. "Tinoda masangano ekuvaka asiri mapato anobatsira."
Statistics Dzazvino Zvivakwa
2013 yakavakirwa mhiri kweAustria ingangoita 51.000 dzimba. Izvo hazvisanganise iyo zvikamu zvakavakirwa muVienna nenzira yekutora, kuvakwa kana kushandurwa kwezvivakwa zviripo. Nhamba ino yezvazvino, mhedzisiro yacho yaive yakawanda kupfuura 16 muzana kupfuura kupfuura pagore rapfuura. Kuenzaniswa ne2011, kuwedzera kwacho kwaive kungangoita 30 muzana. Mhedzisiro yakanaka yakazadzikiswa mu2013 inonyanya kukonzerwa nekuvakwa kwekugara kwakawanda, uko paavhareji kwakaburitsa dzimba dzakati fananei mukati memakore maviri apfuura (kuwedzera 36 muzana kana ichienzaniswa ne2012, uye 58 muzana pamusoro pe2011).
(Kunobva: Statistics Austria)
Runyararo rwemagariro kuburikidza kuwana kwakawanda
Asi dzokera kumubvunzo wakakosha wekuti ndiani anofanira kuwana mukana wekugara mudzimba - uye nei. Sturm vom vwbf: "Kusiyana nedzimwe nyika, nzvimbo inotsigirwa dzimba inozivikanwa nekuwana zvikamu zvehuwandu. Izvo zvazviratidza. Kusanganiswa kwakaitika munharaunda kwakanyatso kudzivirira kusarudzika kwakadai senge kuri mumaguta ekuFrance (banlieus) uye nekudaro zvichiratidzika mutsika kushamwaridzana ne "vaputika" munharaunda vanowanzobatana nako. "
Nemafungiro aya Sturm haazi ega, zvakare nyanzvi yezvekugara dzimba Amann anoziva mudzimba, kuwana mukana wekugara munharaunda chinhu chinodiwa: "Nzira yeAustria ine zvikamu zvikuru zvevanhu vekudyidzana dzimba, iyo zvakare yakavhurika kune SME, ine zvakati wandei zvakanakira. Kubatana kwemasekete ese emamisha mudzimba imwe chete igwirikwiti rakanyanya kubudirira munharaunda. Chero ani zvake anoonana mumwe nemumwe zuva uye anokwazisa uye anoziva vana vavakidzani ane nzwisiso iri nani yezvinetso zvisingawanzo kutaurwa zvevamwe "kirasi yemagariro". Nekuda kwekubatana kwemagariro, hapana ma ghettos uye hapana mafuro anopisa. Mari yemubhadharo inodhura zvekuti kunyange yakakura mari inopihwa dzimba zvakachipa pane, toti, chirongwa chemari inowanikwa muUK kana mutero wemitero muNetherlands. '
Mune guru federal reVienna, kusanganisa kwemagariro chinhu chakakosha mune mutemo wekugara. Vanogara vachiwiza masitepisi seguta rinogona kuraramisa pasi rose zvakare mubairo uyu Christian Kaufmann, mutauri waWohnbaustadtrat Michael Ludwig: "Hatidi kuunganidzwa kwekushaya simba munharaunda mune dzimwe nharaunda. Izvo zvinosiyanisa Vienna uye isu tinoda kuchengetedza izvo zvakare. Nekuda kweNetherlands, Sweden neFrance, tavhura chirongwa cheResolution on Social Housing Conservation, chakabatana nemaguta eEuropean 30. "
Photo / Video: Shutterstock.
