kodzero

Kodzero dzevanhu inyaya yechokwadi kune yedu nzanga nhasi. Asi kana zvasvika pakutsanangura izvi, vazhinji vedu tinozviona zvakaoma. Asi chii chiri kodzero dzevanhu zvakadaro? Kodzero dzevanhu ndidzo kodzero dzinopihwa munhu wese zvakaenzana nekuda kwekuti iye munhu.

budiriro 

Muna 1948, iyo yaive nenhengo makumi mashanu nenomwe dzeUN nguva yekutanga yakatsanangura kodzero idzo munhu wese pasi pano anofanirwa kuve nekodzero. Aya ndiwo magadzirirwo akaitwa gwaro rekodzero dzevanhu rine mukurumbira "The General Declaration of Human Rights" (UDHR), rakaumbawo hwaro hwekuchengetedzwa kwekodzero dzevanhu pasi rose. Kare, nyaya yekodzero dzevanhu yaingova nyaya yebumbiro remitemo yenyika. Kurudziro yemutemo padanho repasi rose yaive yekuona kuchengetedzeka nerunyararo mushure mehondo mbiri dzenyika.

Mukuzivisa uku, zvinyorwa makumi matatu zvakatemwa, izvo kekutanga munhoroondo yevanhu zvinofanirwa kushanda kune wese munhu - zvisinei nenyika, chitendero, murume kana mukadzi, zera, nezvimwe. Uranda nekutengeswa kwevaranda, rusununguko rwekutaura, rusununguko rwekunamata, nezvimwe. Muna 30, UN yakaburitsazve zvibvumirano zviviri. Pamwe chete neUDHR vanoumba "International Bill of Human Rights". Pamusoro pezvo, kune mamwe maratidziro eUN, akadai seGeneva Refugee Convention kana Chibvumirano cheKodzero dzeMwana.

Kuyera uye mabasa ane chekuita nekodzero dzevanhu

Kodzero dzemunhu kubva pazvibvumirano izvi dzinogona kuve dzakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvitatu. Chikamu chekutanga chinoratidzira rusununguko rwezvematongerwo enyika nevevanhu. Chikamu chechipiri chine hupfumi, hwemagariro uye tsika kodzero dzevanhu. Kodzero dzevanhu vese (kodzero dzemapoka) dzinozoita chikamu chechitatu.

Wakawedzerwa wekodzero dzevanhu iyi nyika yega, iyo inofanirwa kutevedzera kune zvimwe zvisungo. Basa rekutanga rehurumende ibasa rekuremekedza, kureva kuti, nyika dzinofanira kuremekedza kodzero dzevanhu. Basa rekudzivirira ibasa rechipiri iro nyika dzinofanirwa kutevedzera. Iwe unofanirwa kudzivirira kutyorwa kwekodzero dzevanhu, uye kana pakatove nekutyorwa, nyika inofanirwa kupa muripo. Basa rechitatu renyika ndere kugadzira mamiriro ekuona kodzero dzevanhu (chisungo chekusimbisa).

Uyezve mimwe mirau nezvibvumirano

Kuwedzera kumatunhu, Human Rights Council kuGeneva nemasangano akazvimiririra mazhinji (semuenzaniso Human Rights Watch) anotarisawo kutevedzwa kwekodzero dzevanhu. Human Rights Watch inoshandisa ruzhinji rwepasi rose kutarisisa kutyorwa kwekodzero dzevanhu kune rumwe rutivi uye kumanikidza vanoita zvematongerwo enyika kune rimwe divi. Pamusoro pekodzero dzevanhu dzinodzorwa pasi rese, kune zvimwe zvibvumirano zvedunhu nekodzero dzedunhu, seEuropean Convention on Human Rights uye European Court of Human Rights, African Charter of Human Rights uye Kodzero dzeVanhu neAmerican Convention on Human Rights.

Kodzero dzevanhu dzakakosha misimboti yakatorwa kwenguva refu. Pasina ivo paisazove nekodzero yedzidzo, pasina rusununguko rwekutaura kana chinamato, hapana kudzivirirwa kubva kumhirizhonga, kutambudzwa uye nezvimwe zvakawanda. Zvisinei nekufungisisa kunosvika kure kwekodzero dzevanhu, kutyorwa nekusaremekedzwa kwekodzero dzevanhu kunoitika mazuva ese, kunyangwe munyika dzekuMadokero. Kuongorora kwepasirese, kuona uye kuburitsa zviitiko zvakadaro zvinowanzoitwa nemaNGOs (kunyanya Amnesty International) uye zvinoratidza kuti, kunyangwe pakagadzwa kodzero, inowirirana kutonga kwekuteerera kunokosha.

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