Zvirwere kubva mutangi

Akaratidza kunyumwa paakangoibuditsa. Rori diki raive richingoenda nenzira yekuyambuka muganho kubva kuAustria kuenda kuItaly zvishoma nezvishoma rinosvika padivi pemugwagwa. Mhepo inotonhorera, iri rakajeka zuva raZvita kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kwenzvimbo yeFriuli Venezia Giulia. "Kudzora kwemapurisa, ndapota mapepa." Paunenge uchisvika, rori jena rinotaridzika senge chero ripi zvaro: risingazivikanwe, ndosaka zvakakodzera kuti utarise zvakanyanya. Pasipoti mune rumwe ruoko, inotevera inofamba zvishoma nezvishoma pamusoro pechiuno chemusuwo wekumashure. Pakuvhura musuwo, mapurisa, akamira pamwechete muboka pamberi pemotokari, vanosangana nechinhuhwi chinonhuwa. Rukova rweguruva reminhenga runotenderera mumhepo uye rinoguma razorora pasi pegwara. Kupopota, kwepamusorosoro nekupopota ndicho chinhu chekutanga chinonzwika nemapurisa. Nedziya remukati remukati, iko iko iko iko iko iko kwasanganiswa: iwe wakanyora zvakanaka. Hutema hutema, inopenya yero uye inorova mapuru ebhuru anotarisa panze kumapurisa. Kuimba zvine hupenyu, mhuka dzinoedza kufamba, asi iyo diki diki mudanga haigone kuvabvumira kuti vatendeuke. Zuva rechando rinopenya pamuromo wavo padhuze padhuze. 

Shanduko yenzvimbo. Mazuva mashoma gare gare, Francesco (* zita rakachinjwa) ari pamubhedha. Dambudziko rekutanga rekuwana mweya rakaderera zvakanyanya. Iyo fivha yakakwira uye makumbo anorwadza hazviite kuti zvive nyore kubata nematambudziko emapapu. Hutachiona husingaonekwe hunogona kutungamira kurufu muvanhu, iye zvino anoziva. Psittacosis ndiro zita rechirwere chakabatwa nemupurisa wechivanhu. Zviratidzo zvakaita sefuru zvakatanga kuomera chiremba airapa kuti aone kuti immune system yake yairwisana nei. Mushure mekushanda navo kubasa kwavo kungorwara, kuongororwa kweropa kwakaratidza izvo zvave kutotyiwa: iyo pathogen inonzi Chlamydophila psittaci. Inounzwa neanosvika mazana matatu mazana matatu maparoti anorwara uye mabhuni akawanikwa panguva yekupedzisira mhuka yekufambisa zvisiri pamutemo. 

"Mapurisa akabata mabayo akakomba panguva iyoyo, uye chirwere ichi chinokanganisa nzira yekufema," anotsanangura Marie-Christin Rossmann, chiremba wemhuka uye mukuru wedhipatimendi rezvirwere zvinotapukira muCarinthia. Kutengeserana kwepasi rose peturu ndiko hunyanzvi hwake. Hosha yeparoti ndiyo yekupedzisira donhwe rakatyora dhiramu kumashure munguva yechando ya2015. Pamuganhu wekuyambuka muTravis, muitaly -Austria -Slovenia muganhu netriangle muCanal Valley, vakuru vetsika vaiwanzoona kutakurwa kwanga kusingaenderane zvachose nemutemo wekuchengetedza mhuka. Vana vadiki vanoparadzaniswa naamai vavo kare kare, kittens, vanorwara budgies. Mhuka, dzese dzaifanira kuwana varidzi vatsva pavakatengeswa kubva mumotokari. Panguva iyoyo Austria neItari zvakabatana pamwechete sevabatsiri vezvirongwa, uye mu2017 vakavamba chirongwa cheEU-chakatsigira mari chirongwa cheBiocrime. "70 muzana yevanhu havana ruzivo rwekuti zoonoses chii uye kuti inogona kutyisa sei kuvanhu," anodaro Rossmann, anova mukuru wechirongwa cheInterreg Bio-Crime mudunhu reCarinthia kuAustria. Zvirwere zvinotapukira senge chirwere cheparoti kana coronavirus inogona kutapurirana kubva kumhuka ichienda kuvanhu uye zvinopesana, anotsanangura. Vatungamiriri vetsika kunyanya vane njodzi pakutakura mhuka kana vachitsvaga mabhazi kana mota zvinhu zvisiri pamutemo kana zviyeuchidzo. Asi vabereki vanoda kupa vana vavo chipfuwo vari kuwedzera kusangana nezvirwere. Sezvo Internet iri kuwedzera pakutenga mhuka, sekureva kwenyanzvi, huwandu hwakanyanya hwevanhu hunowira pamitengo. "1000 euros yatova mutengo wakachipa wembwa yemadzitateguru," inodaro nyanzvi yekuchengetedza mhuka. Pazasi peizvozvo, zvinenge zvisingaite kupedzisa nemubhadharo wekutarisira, kubaiwa nhomba uye kuita deworm. Vaberekesi vakakomba vaigara vachitora amai voenda navo uye vaigona kuratidza mwana wevabereki. "Vanhu vazhinji vari kunze kwenyika vanotenga imbwa diki idzi nekuda kwekunzwira tsitsi, nekuti vanotaridzika zvakanyanya uye vanodhura maeuro mazana matatu chete," akadaro Rossmann. Chitsotsi chinoshanda, kunyangwe zvisiri pamutemo kutenga mhuka diki dzisingasviki masere masere ekuberekwa. Nekuda kwekukurumidza kubvisa mukaka wemuzamu uye kazhinji husina tsarukano mamiriro, nhengo nyowani dzemhuri dzinogara dzichirwara kwehupenyu hwadzo hwese. 

Iyo coronavirus haina kutanga yaratidza kuti ngozi sei zoonoses. Zvirwere zvinotakurwa nemhuka zvinogona kukonzera kukuvadza kukuru, kusanganisira vanhu. "Kana chirwere chikatsemuka, ndizvozvo. Vashoma vanhu vanoziva, semuenzaniso, kuti vanhu zviuru makumi matanhatu vanofa nechirwere chegororo makore ese," anodaro chiremba wemhuka. Nekuti chirwere ichi chinouraya zana muzana. Kazhinji mhuka dzakaunzwa zviri kunze kwemutemo hadzina kubayiwa nhomba. Hutachiona hutachiona kunyanya hwaiwanzo kuunzwa kuyambuka miganhu. Mhuka dzakapinda zvisiri pamutemo dzinowanzorwara, zhinji dzadzo dzine zvipembenene, uye kunyange katsi dzinogona kunge dziine salmonella uye ichizoendesa kuvanhu. "Takatanga nevana". Iyo projekiti yakapihwa mari neEU yakazivisa mazana evana nevechidiki nezvenjodzi mumisangano yezvikoro, nekudaro ichigadzira ruzivo rwekutanga kuchizvarwa chinotevera. Iwo anosvika chiuru chemapurisa akadzidziswa uye kushamwaridzana neumwe neumwe. Iyo EU chirongwa chakagadzira yakakura zvikuru supra-dunhu network inoratidzirwa nekubatana kunozvitsigira pachayo pakurwisa kutengeswa kwemhuka. Dhipatimendi rekuferefeta mhosva rakamisikidzwa zvakanyanya uye rinogona kupindira nekukurumidza pamiganhu.

Kunyangwe mhuka dzichiunzwa nemaune dzichirwara pamiganhu? Icho chingave chimiro chitsva chose chehugandanga, sekutaura kwehunyanzvi hwehutachiona. "Kana iwe uchida kukanganisa nyika nemaune, izvo zvinogona kuita". Zvingadai zvakadhurira nyika yeItaly mamirioni makumi matatu emauros muzvipatara zvinodhura dai maparoti ane hutachiona akange atengeswa panguva iyoyo. Pamwero wezviuru zvishanu kubva muzana zvekufa izvo zvaizoreva kuti vanhu zana nemakumi mashanu vangadai vakafa, sekuratidzira kwechikwata chehunyanzvi. Chinangwa chikuru cheprojekti hachisi chekubatana chete panjodzi dzehutano uye neruzivo rwunowedzera pamusoro pezvematongerwo enyika akarongeka, asi zvakare musimboti we "hutano humwe". Sezvo kupararira kwemaoonoses senge coronavirus kucharamba kuchikonzera njodzi dzehupfumi pamwe nehutano mune ramangwana, chirongwa ichi chinoda kusimbisa basa pakati pevechiremba vezvechiremba pamwe nevechiremba vevanhu zvakanyanya. Iyi ndiyo chete nzira iyo njodzi dzisingazivikanwe dzinogona kuzivikanwa nekukasira mune ramangwana nekurwa pamwechete, sekureva kwenyanzvi. 

"Zoonoses ndiwo anokonzera hosha huru munhoroondo yevanhu," anodaro Paolo Zucca, maneja weprojekiti yeInterreg chirongwa. Kupesana nekutenda kwakakurumbira, kupararira kwezvirwere zvinopfuudzwa nemhuka kuvanhu kwakakwirira muNorth America, Europe neRussia kupfuura muAfrica, Australia neSouth America, sekutaura kwechiremba wezvechiremba pane peji repamutemo reiyo purojekiti, iyo icharamba ichivandudzwa panguva yedenda mukutanga kwa2020. zvanga zva. Pamberi pe COVID-19, anonyanya kuzivikanwa zoonotic pandemics yaive Zika hutachiona, SARS, West Nile fever, hosha uye Ebola.

Akashongedzerwa nemasikisi uye magurovhosi, Francesco anozunguzira rori nhema kudivi remugwagwa. NdiChikunguru 2020, uye mushure mekuvharirwa kusingabvumirwe kutakurwa kwemhuka zvisiri pamutemo kwenguva pfupi, miganhu yepatatu yave kuvhurika zvakare. Kubvira pakudzidziswa kwake kweprojekti, mukuru wezvetsika iye zvino anoziva kunyatsoziva mhuka dzinorwara, maitiro aanogona kuzvidzivirira pamwe nevamwe vake kubasa uye anoziva nemitemo. Nyanzvi idzi dzave kushanda pamwechete muBio-tsotsi Center: Ndiyo yekutanga Veterinary Medical Intelligence uye Research Center kugadzwa muEurope. 

Munyori: Anastasia Lopez