Sonja Bettel
Ikodzero yemhuka? Mushure mesarudzo dzenyika muLower Austria, iyo FPÖ Yakaderera Austria yakatsanangura zvayakatangira pamusangano wekirabhu: kuchengetedzeka, hutano, mhuka zvakanaka, Imwe yeiyo ajenda yeiyo FPÖ Landrat Gottfried Waldhäusl ikozvino inyama yemhuka. Mazuva maviri mushure mekudzoka, kanzuru yehurumende yakadaidzira mukuburitswa kwenhau: "otter chirwere chinofanira kuve chakachengeteka". Chiitiko icho chakange chiri chiziviso che ÖVP kanzuru yedunhu Stephan Pernkopf, nechisarudzo chekubvumidza "kubviswa" (kureva kuuraya) kwe40 kwakadzivirira Fischottern kwenguva pfupi, iyo mukufunga kwevamwe vake veFPÖ havaende kure zvakakwana. Kuchengetedza otter "kusanzwisisika rudo rwemhuka".
Pakati paApril 2018 akazviratidza kuna Gottfried Waldhäusl pazuva rekuvhima kwedunhu muZwettl. Muvhimi weNyika, Josef Pröll (aimbova gurukota reVP) anonzi akambotaura ipapo, "Wolf haina kurasikirwa nechero mamiriro mune tsika seCentral Europe," Waldhäusl aifanira kunge akawedzera: "Nei mhuka mhuka chete kune bere?".
Mienzaniso miviri yekubatana kweiyo inonzi hutano hwemhuka mune zvematongerwo enyika uye munharaunda.
Kwekare kusaruramisira
Kwete kazhinji, izvi zvinonyanya kureva kitsi uye imbwa. Anowanzomira apo ndezve zvehupfumi zvido, (zvinofungidzirwa kana chaizvo) makwikwi kubva kumhuka dzesango kana kunakidzwa kwevavhimi nevabati vehove. Kubva paPythagoras kuenda kwaGalileo Galilei, René Descartes, Jean Jacques Rousseau, Immanuel Kant naArthur Schopenhauer, pane zvinogara zvichiratidzwa munhoroondo yevanhu kuti mhuka hadzifanirwe kubatwa noutsinye, kuti vanhu chikamu chechisikirwo uye chete kuburikidza nemutauro uye chikonzero. kusiyaniswa kubva kumhuka.
Kugara zvakanaka kwemhuka kunoreva kuita kuti mhuka dzirarame hupenyu hwakakodzera kumarudzi adzo uye izvo hazviite kuti vatambure, kutya kusakosha kana kukuvara zvachose. Neindasitiri uye mashandiro ekurima nezvipfuyo, kudzvanywa kwemhuka kwawedzera zvakanyanya. Watova mu19. Tireschutzbewegungen saka yakabuda muzana ramakore re19. 1822 yaive mutemo wekutanga wekudzivirira mhuka muEngland.
Kunyange zvakadaro, kubva pakati pe20. Muzana ramakore rechimakumi maviri, mhuka dzakakwidziridzwa kusvika kumusoro uye kwakanyanya nyama, mukaka nemazai, dzakamanikidzwa munzvimbo yakamanikana, kuurawa mumafekitori ekuuraya, kupfurwa munzvimbo uye kushungurudzwa nekuda kwekuedza cosmetics nemakemikari, uye dzimwe nguva kuedza kwakazara.
Kubudirira nevanorwira kodzero dzemhuka
Nekudaro, mumakumi emakore apfuura, pakave nekufambira mberi kwehutano hwemhuka: hunhu sainzi Konrad Lorenz aine grey geese, Jane Goodall nema chimpanzi avo, muongorori wehuku yeBritain Christine Nicol nevamwe vazhinji vakatishamisa nehungwaru nemaitiro emhuka uye vakachinja maitiro edu. Zvakawanikwa naNicol pane zvinodiwa nehuku mumakore e1980, semuenzaniso, zvaita kuti zvisiri pamutemo kuti mabhatiri euthanasia arambidzwe muEU kubvira 2012, iine chete "dhizaini dzakagadzirirwa" dzinobvumirwa paine imwe nzvimbo. Izvo zvichiri zvisiri zvechokwadi kumarudzi.
Kune zvimwe zvipfuyo, kwaivawo nekuvandudzwa mukuchengeta mirau kana kudzivirira kurwadziwa muEU uye kuAustria. Semuenzaniso, kubvira 2012, mombe hadzichabvumidzwe kutsenderedzwa zvachose, kana nguruve inogona kungocherwa nemuswe we2017 sezvinodiwa uye pasi pekurapa marwadzo kubva muna Gumiguru.
Kuburikidza nebasa remasangano ezvehutano hwemhuka nevanochinjisa, veruzhinji vakaitwa kuti vazive mamiriro ekurima kwemvere, mamiriro emapoka ekuuraya, kuuraya kwana huku dzechirume mukuisa mapurazi ehuku, kana hutsinye hwemapango emhuka dzesango. Mune chimwe chikamu, pakave nekuvandudzwa kwepamutemo, kuchinja kwekuzvidira (sekusunganidzwa kwekubatana kwehuku uye majaya muToni yemahara yakasarudzika mazai) kana kusarudzika munzanga kunge mune furs. Nekudaro, zvipfuyo zvichiri kutakurwa mhiri kweEurope, kushoropodza kushamwaridzana kunopesana nemafekitori emhuka, ichangotevera muenzaniso wemhuru mbiri kubva kuVorarlberg.
Belgian-American mhuka anorwira kodzero Henry Spira rakabudirira mumakore e1970, zvine hunyanzvi hwekutarisa kune kurwadziwa kwehururu, uko "Draize bvunzo"Hwakanakisa hukoshwa hwezvigadzirwa hwakadonhedzwa muziso. 1980 saka yakauya pakuratidzira kwakawanda kunopesana nekambani yezvemafuta cosmetology. Pasi pekumanikidzwa uku, zvirongwa zvekutsvaga zvakazogadziridzwa kugadzirisirwa nzira dzekuedza kwehunyanzvi pasina kuedza kwemhuka.
Henry Spira akange asangana nenyaya dzekuremekedzwa kwemhuka kuburikidza nezvakanyorwa nevadzidzi veOxford University uye muzivi wekuAustralia Peter Singer ("Mhuka Inosunungurwa" 1975). Vanorwira kodzero dzemhuka havaende kure zvakaringana. Hatifanire kungochengetedza mhuka dzakatambura zvisizvo uye nekuzvichengeta nehunhu, asi tivape kodzero dzekutanga, sevanhu zvavanadzo.
Kubva kuchinhu ichi kusvika kumhuka chaiko
Mune mutemo weRoma, mhuka dzinoonekwa zvinhu - sekupesana nemunhu uyo ari munhu. Switzerland ndiyo chete nyika munyika iyo inobvuma rukudzo mubumbiro rayo. Kubvira pagadziriswa iyo Civil Code yaGumiguru 2002, mhuka hazvichisiri zvinhu. Kubva pa2007 kusvika pa2010, kanzuru yeZurich yakatovawo nehofisi yepasirese yakasarudzika yegweta remhuka mudare rakaitwa negweta Antoine Goetschel. Nekuda kwevhoti yeSwitzerland-muhofisi iyi yakabviswa zvakare.
MuNetherlands, 2006 yakauya ne "Bato reMhuka" idzva (Partij voor de Dieren) kuParamende kekutanga, uye zvino kune mapato akadaro kune dzimwe nyika zvakare. MuUnited States, Gweta Steven Wise weSenehuman rights Project ari kushanda kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti chimpanzee anozivikanwa sevanhu uye anogamuchira kodzero ye "habeas Corpus". MuBuenos Aires, iyo 2014 yakatobudirira kune mukadzi we orangutan.
Asi isu tinoswededza papi mutsara? Ko chimpanzee chine kodzero dzakawanda here kudarika huku uye ichi chine kodzero dzakawanda kupfuura chipfambi? Uye nei tichiruramisa izvozvo? Vazivi vazhinji vanonetseka pamusoro pemibvunzo iyi. "Abolitionists" semu US mutemo purofesa uye munyori Gary Francione vanoramba "mhuka kugara zvakanaka". Iye anoona shandisiro yemhuka dzisiri-vanhu sedambudziko. Kune kodzero dzemhuka, chirevo chete chekunzwisisa chakakodzera, uko kuzvivimba uye kufarira hupenyu hwemunhu zvinofambidzana.
Iko kufarira kwehupenyu hwako pachako kunogona zvakare kufungidzirwa nezvirimwa. Saka hazvishamise kuti pane hurukuro dziri dzoga pamusoro pekodzero dzezvidyarwa.
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