Mhedzisiro yemamiriro ekunze ehondo yeUkraine: yakawanda emissions seNetherlands

Hondo muUkraine yakakonzera inofungidzirwa kuti zana remamiriyoni ematani eCO100e mumwedzi minomwe yekutanga. Izvo zvakafanana, semuenzaniso, Netherlands inoburitsa munguva imwe chete. Bazi rezvemamiriro ekunze reUkraine rakapa nhamba idzi pachiitiko chepadivi chemusangano weCOP2 wemamiriro ekunze muSharm el Sheik.1. Chidzidzo ichi chakatangwa nenyanzvi yechiDutch yemamiriro ekunze uye simba reprojekiti Lennard de Klerk, uyo akagara nekushanda muUkraine kwenguva yakareba. Akagadzira mapurojekiti emamiriro ekunze uye simba mune inorema indasitiri ikoko, pamwe neBulgaria neRussia. Vamiriri vemamwe mafemu epasi rose ekubvunzana nezvekudzivirira kwemamiriro ekunze uye simba rinogoneka uye mumiriri weUkraine Ministry of the Environment vakabatana pakudzidza.2.

Utsi hunokonzerwa nekufamba kwevapoteri, hutsinye, moto uye kuvakwazve kwezvivakwa zvevanhu zvakaongororwa.

Ndege: 1,4 miriyoni matani CO2e

Chidzidzo chekutanga chinoongorora mafambiro endege akakonzerwa nehondo. Nhamba yevanhu vakatiza nzvimbo yehondo kumadokero kweUkraine inofungidzirwa kuva mamiriyoni 6,2, uye nhamba yeavo vakatiza kunze kwenyika pamamiriyoni 7,7. Zvichienderana nenzvimbo dzekubva nekuenda, nzira dzekufambisa dzinoshandiswa dzinogona kufungidzirwa: mota, chitima, bhazi, pfupi uye refu-refu nendege. Inenge 40 muzana yevapoteri vakadzokera kumaguta okumusha kwavo pashure pokunge mauto eRussia abuda. Pakazara, huwandu hwekuburitswa kwemotokari kubva mundege hunofungidzirwa kusvika pamamiriyoni e1,4 e CO2e.

Kuitwa kwemauto: 8,9 miriyoni matani CO2e

Mafuta ezvicherwa chinhu chakakosha pamashandiro emauto. Iyo inoshandiswa kumatangi nemotokari dzehondo, ndege, vatakuri vezvombo, varwi, chikafu nezvimwe zvinhu. Asi motokari dzevagari vemo dzakadai sekudzikinura nedzinjini dzemoto, mabhazi ekufambisa, nezvimwewo zvinodyawo mafuta. Mashoko akadaro akaoma kuwana kunyange munguva yerunyararo, ndoda muhondo. Kushandiswa kweuto reRussia kwaifungidzirwa pamamiriyoni 1,5 matani zvichienderana nekuonekwa kwemafuta kuendeswa kunzvimbo yehondo. Vanyori vakaverenga kushandiswa kweuto reUkraine pa 0,5 mamiriyoni ematani. Vanotsanangura musiyano nokutaura kuti mauto eUkraine ane nzira pfupi dzekugovera pane varwisi uye kuti vanowanzoshandisa midziyo yakareruka nemotokari. Huwandu hwematani emamiriyoni maviri emafuta hwakakonzera kubuda kwe2 miriyoni matani eCO6,37e.

Kushandiswa kwezvombo zvinokonzeresa kuburitsa kwakawanda: panguva yekugadzira, panguva yekufambisa, kana propellant ichipisa kana ichinge yadzingwa uye kana projectile inoputika pamhedzisiro. Kufungidzira kwekushandisa kwe artillery shell kunosiyana pakati pe5.000 ne60.000 pazuva. Kupfuura 90% yehutsi inokonzerwa nekugadzirwa kweprojectiles (simbi jekete uye zvinoputika). Pakazara, kuburitswa kubva mumigero kunofungidzirwa kusvika pamamiriyoni 1,2 ematoni eCO2e.

Moto: 23,8 mamiriyoni e CO2e

Satellite data inoratidza kuti vangani moto - wakakonzerwa nekuputika, bhomba uye migodhi - yakawedzera munzvimbo dzehondo zvichienzaniswa negore rapfuura: nhamba yemoto ine nzvimbo inopfuura 1 ha yakawedzera 122-fold, nzvimbo yakakanganiswa 38. -peta. Kupisa kwemasango kunoverengera vazhinji veizvi Kubuda kubva mumoto mumwedzi minomwe yekutanga yehondo kwakaverengera 23,8 miriyoni matani e CO2e.

Kuvakazve: 48,7 miriyoni matani CO2e

Kuwanda kwehutsi hwakakonzerwa nehondo huchabva mukuvakazve zvivakwa zvakaparadzwa zvevanhu. Zvimwe zveizvi zviri kutoitika munguva yehondo, asi zvizhinji zvekuvaka patsva hazvizotanga kusvikira kurwisana kwapera. Kubva pakutanga kwehondo, zviremera zveUkraine zvakanyora kuparadzwa kwakakonzerwa nekurwisana. Mashoko akaunganidzwa nemapazi akasiyana-siyana akagadziridzwa kuita mushumo weKyiv School of Economics mukubatana nechikwata chenyanzvi kubva kuWorld Bank.

Yakawanda yekuparadza iri muchikamu chedzimba (58%). Kubva munaGunyana 1, 2022, 6.153 dzimba dzemuguta dzakaparadzwa uye 9.490 dzakakuvadzwa. Dzimba dzevanhu 65.847 dzakaparadzwa uye 54.069 dzakakuvadzwa. Kuvaka patsva kuchafunga nezvechokwadi chitsva: nekuda kwekuderera kwehuwandu hwevanhu, kwete ese makamuri edzimba achadzorerwa. Kune rumwe rutivi, dzimba dzeSoviet-era idiki kwazvo nemaitiro anhasi. Dzimba nyowani dzinogona kunge dzakakura. Ikozvino tsika yekuvaka muEastern neCentral Europe yakashandiswa kuverenga kubuda. Simende nezvidhinha kugadzira uye zvidhinha ndiwo manyuko makuru e CO2 emissions Zvitsva, zvishoma kabhoni zvine simba zvekuvaka zvingangove zviripo, asi nekuda kwehukuru hwekuparadza, kuvakwa kwakawanda kuchaitwa pachishandiswa nzira dzazvino. Kubudiswa kubva pakuvakwazve kwedzimba dzedzimba kunofungidzirwa kusvika mamiriyoni 2 matani eCO28,4e, kuvakwazve kwezvivako zvehurumende - zvikoro, zvipatara, tsika nemitambo, zvivako zvechitendero, mashizha emabhizimisi, zvitoro, motokari - pamamiriyoni e2 mamiriyoni.

Methane kubva kuNord Stream 1 uye 2: 14,6 miriyoni matani CO2e

Vanyori vanoverengawo methane yakapukunyuka apo Nord Stream Pipelines yakaparadzwa semhepo inobva mukufamba kwevapoteri, kurwisana, moto uye kuvakazve. Kunyange zvisingazivikanwe kuti ndiani akaita mhirizhonga, zvinoita sekunge zvine chokwadi chekuti yakabatana nehondo yeUkraine. Iyo methane yakapukunyuka inoenderana ne14,6 miriyoni matani eCO2e.

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Mufananidzo wekuvhara ne Luaks Johnns pamusoro Pixabay

1 https://seors.unfccc.int/applications/seors/attachments/get_attachment?code=U2VUG9IVUZUOLJ3GOC6PKKERKXUO3DYJ , onawo: https://climateonline.net/2022/11/04/ukraine-cop27/

2 Klerk, Lennard de; Shmurak, Anatolii; Gassan-Zade, Olga; Shlapak, Mykola; Tomolyak, Kyryl; Korthuis, Adriaan (2022): Kukuvadzwa Kwemamiriro ekunze Kunokonzerwa neHondo yeRussia muUkraine: Ministry of Environmental Protection uye Natural Resources yeUkraine. Pamhepo: https://climatefocus.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/ClimateDamageinUkraine.pdf